References and Quotations

University of Brighton

What is it?

an acknowledgement that you are making use of another writers ideas or data in your writing (Bailey, 2006, p99).

Why reference and quote?

Avoid plagiarism Add authority Allows reader to find the original source

To reference or not to reference?

You include: some facts or figures from another writer an idea of your own some data from your own research a theory suggested by another writer a quotation from a work by any author something considered common knowledge

Style of referencing:
Which expressions would you use to show it is: a) your opinion; b) common knowledge; c) someone elses idea?
1) Smith (2002) has argued that... 2) It could be suggested that... 3) It is widely known that... 4) It would appear that...

Referencing an authors ideas through:

Summary Quotation A mixture of summary and quotation

Referencing an authors ideas: summary

Dont just change a few of the words. Changing a few words is not enough. Replacing some vocabulary is not sufficient.

Referencing an authors ideas: summary

READ THINK WRITE

Referencing an authors ideas: summary

Cottrell (2005) points out that there are many ways in which an opinion may be distorted. There are many ways in which an opinion may be distorted (Cottrell, 2005).

Referencing an authors ideas: Long Quotation

As Cottrell points out, it is rare that people examine their commonly held beliefs: When we are challenged on why we believe something to be true, it becomes obvious that we havent really thought through whether it is the whole story or just one point of view. (Cottrell, 2005, p3) This writer appears to be saying that

Referencing an authors ideas: Short Quotation

As Cottrell (2005, p3) states when we are challenged... it becomes obvious we havent really thought through... the whule (sic) story.

Practice referencing:
Go to the back of your handout

Awareness of plagiarism:
Go to the back of your handout

Organising a bibliography

Go to the back of your handout