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Filter Cake Ad
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Carmen Baez-Smith, P.E. Smith Baez Consulting, Inc. Loxahatchee, Florida, USA
Sugar Processing Research Institute 2008 Conference September 29 - October 1st, 2008 Delray Beach, Florida, USA
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Objectives
Evaluation of the bioenergy-producing capability of filter cake mud Improving the energy balance of the sugar mill Improving productivity of the sugar mill Evaluation of the mathematical kinetic model for anaerobic digestion
Digester size Gas production potential Byproducts
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Enzymatic Hydrolysis Conversion of higher to lower molecular weight (LMW) material. Acid fermentation (Bacterial) Conversion of LMW into fatty acids. Methanogenesis (Bacterial) Conversion of fatty acids into methane and carbon dioxide.
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Source: Paturau, J.M., By-Products of the Cane Sugar Industry, an Introduction to their Industrial Utilization, 1982, Page 151, Elsevier, New York, USA.
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Feed Concentration mg/Kg % 200,040 20.0 157,025 15.7 84,042 8.4 60,188 6.0 800,000 80.0
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Yk ( S o S ) ( S o S ) + ( 1 + ) K s ln(
Equation 1
Si ) S
kd
Where
= Solids retention time, days So = Influent concentration S = Effluent concentration Y = maximum yield coefficient, defined as the ratio of the mass of cells formed to the mass of substrate consumed Ks = Half-velocity constant, mass/unit volume = Recycle ratio Si = Influent concentration to reactor after dilution with recycle flow Kd = Endogenous decay coefficient, day-1 Smith Baez Consulting, Inc., 2008 www.smithbaez.com
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Correlation
Solids Retention Time = 20 Days Filter Cake Mud Fatty Acids* Proteins* Carbohydrates* Lb of Biological Solids Production/Lb of BOD 0.044 0.035 0.065 0.150
* Perry L. MacCarty, Anaerobic Waste Treatment Fundamentals, Part I, Public Works, Vol 95, 9, 1964.
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Gas Productivity
Correlation
Gas Production Rates COD Loading Rate, Lb COD/ft3 day 3 COD Loading Rate, kg COD/m day Methane Yield, m3/Kg COD added 3 Methane Yield, m /Kg BOD added 3 Gas Productivity, ft /lb COD Destroyed 3 Gas Productivity, m /Kg COD Destroyed
Calculated Reported * 0.52 0.10 - 0.30 8.39 1.6 - 4.8 0.27 0.13 0.50 0.36 9.04 12 - 18 0.56 0.75 - 1.12
Sources: 1) *Ghos, S, T. Liu and K. Fukushi, Anaerobic Biodegradation of Toluene in a Plug-Flow Reactor, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT. 2) Metcalf & Eddy, Wastewater Engineering. Treatment, Disposal and Reuse, Third Ed. 1991, New York, NY Smith Baez Consulting, Inc., 2008 www.smithbaez.com
Substrate
Fats Proteins
Carbohydrates C6H12O6
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Model Assumptions
Assumptions Parameter Filter Cake COD, mg/Kg Filter Cake Total Solids, mg/Kg Efficiency of Waste Utilization (E), % Yield coefficient (Y), mg cells/mg COD Maximum Rate of Substrate Utilization per Unit -1 Mass of Microorganisms, k, days Recycle Ratio, Temperature, F -1 Endogenous Coefficient (Kd), day Half Velocity Constant, Ks, mg/L COD Filter Cake Specific Gravity Power Process Efficiency, % Methane % in Gas Produced, % 3 Digester Methane Gas Heating Value, Btu/ft
Value 157,025 200,040 85% 0.05 2 0.5 122 0.05 40 1.07 80% 56% 600
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Alternative #1: Sludge Dewatering and Thickening Influent Overall Material Balance Filter Cake Feed, Ton/day Bioconversion by Anaerobic Digestion, Ton/day Total Process Water Produced, Ton/day Total Water Evaporated (by Drying), ton/day Total Biofertilizer, Ton/day Total Effluent Percent of the Feed 12% 63% 16% 9% 100%
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Biofertilizer
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Alternative #2: Sludge Drying Influent Overall Material Balance Filter Cake Feed, Ton/day Bioconversion by Anaerobic Digestion, Ton/day Total Process Water Produced, Ton/day Total Water Evaporated (by Drying), ton/day Total Biofertilizer, Ton/day Total Effluent Percent of the Feed 12% 0% 79% 10% 100%
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Conclusions
Data seems to indicate that the kinetic model developed is adequate to quantify filter cake (FC) mud anaerobic digestion Enzymatic pretreatment of the FC increase the conversion capacity by at least 50% Applied research is needed to field-verify the results
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Conclusions
Data seems to indicate that anaerobic digestion (AD) of filter cake is an attractive alternative for an otherwise underappreciated byproduct of sugar cane mills AD has the potential of increasing productivity and portfolio diversity in the sugar mill operations
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Thank You
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