2.WHAT & WHY?

e-shark
.the genX submarine

1.INTRODUCTION
Man has always learned things from what he sees around him and tried to implement them in constructive way, so as give comfort to his life. Our e-shark too, is an idea that came through from the fascinating war games that we play. The intelligent enemy attacks us from all possible ways and we are provided with all possible ways to counter attack him. Why should this happen only in games? Cant the existing technology make it a real time war game? The answer is yes. With the existing technology of electronics and communication systems this war game can be made a real war field. In this pursuit, we have considered the possibility of making automated submarine, eshark.

E-shark or electronic shark is automated underwater vehicle. Automation of conventionally available underwater vehicles can be achieved by employing current technologies. The need for e-shark arises due to reasons via., Avoiding life risk to people working in underwater vehicles. Reduction in expenditure made for safety measures in underwater vehicles. To reach abyssal depths and to perform operations at remote locations.

3.CLASSIFICATION E-sharks are classified based on their functionality into two types via. 1. Fully automated e-shark Performs specific operations like collection of underwater soil samples, collection of ocean data, etc. 2. Semi automated e-shark Performs multiple operations including military activities.

4.CONSTRUCTION &WORKING
The construction both fully automated and Semi automated e-sharks is similar except for the inclusion of decision making unit in semi automated e-shark. Construction and working of e-shark involves three major systems via. , 1. Electronic system 2. Electrical system 3. Mechanical system 4.1. Electronic system The electronic system consists of sensors, image and signal processor, data transmission buses, microprocessor, microcontroller and other sub-peripherals that support these major elements. 4.1.1. Working

The working of this unit depends upon the complete co-ordination between individual systems. The sensors give to the system the entire information about the surroundings in the form of signals. The signal and image processor analyses these signals and sends the responses to the microprocessor. The microprocessor

compares the responses of analyzed signals with a set of predefined instructions and sends a corresponding instruction to microcontroller. The microcontroller takes the action according to the instructions given by the microprocessor. So, microprocessor and microcontroller play an important role in the working of e-shark.

Figure1: Electronic System

4.2. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM The electrical system consists one major power source that produces the required power for the entire e-shark. This major source generally varies depending on the requirements. The generated power is used to charge the rechargeable batteries on board which serve as

the source of power for the mechanical system. Since mechanical system consumes more power it is not preferable to supply the generated power directly to that system. On the other hand the electronic system receives the power directly from the generation unit via DC converters. The flow chart given below shows the power distribution in the e-shark.

Figure 2.electrical system of e-shark

4.3. MECHANICAL SYSTEM.

The mechanical system includes the motors, propellers, fin actuators and other elements that are necessary for the controlled motion

of the system. The figure below depicts the external view of the e-shark. The mechanical elements are also seen in the figure.

Figure 3. External view of e-shark

5. FULLY AUTOMATED eSHARK

Fully automated e-shark, as the name suggests is a vehicle with complete automation. It has the following features: Self reliant Less complications in design Low range and specific applications

5.1. Applications As stated earlier fully automated version can be used only for low range and specific applications. It is used in the applications where conditions are predefined i.e., the system does not encounter with a situation where it has to make a decision which is not predefined for it. If a condition as such arises the vehicle is given with a default condition of transferring all the data present in it and get destructed. This self destructible feature of e-shark can be used 1. For examining the seismically weak areas 2. For spying through enemy territories 3. In Tsunami warning system 4. To reach remote locations and gather information

automated once. It has the following features: Not self reliant Connected to shore station via satellite network More complicated design Can be used for wide range of applications 6.1. The difference.???? The difference in the construction of the semi automated e-shark from that of fully automated once is the inclusion of decision making unit. The figure below shows the entire picture of what is done. This is the feature that makes semi automated e-shark suitable for any kind of application. The decision making unit has continuous network connection with shore station and data transfer takes place continuously between shore station and the vehicle through a communication system explained in the next section. So any situation where the system fails to take its own decision it transfers the data of prevailing conditions to the shore station and acts according to the instructions given by the shore station.

6.SEMI AUTOMATED e-SHARK

Semi automated e-shark is similar to fully automated e-shark, but has more advantages than that of fully automated e-shark. As the name implies is not self reliant as the fully

Figure 4. Decision making unit attached to the processor

6.2. Communication system 6.2.1. Communication system working The communication system plays a vital role in the semi automated e-shark where the system has to be in touch with shore station. For normal surface communication the communication satellites and GPS can be used. But when the vehicle is underwater the situation is different. The surface of water forms a medium of interface between the vehicle and the communication system. So, an effective communication system which can cross this hurdle is to be designed. The communication system that we tell as a solution includes the following components. 1. Sonar system equipped with vehicle 2. Surface buoy 3. Global Positioning system 4. Communication satellite process. That is, the RF waves from satellite are converted into electrical signals at the apex of buoy and these electrical signals are converted The working of communication system involves the continuous data exchange or transfer between above mentions elements. As sound waves are best known for communication underwater, e-shark is equipped with a sonar system that transmits the data in the form of sound signals to the surface buoy. The surface buoy has a transreceiver at bottom and the apex. The bottom transreceiver collects data in the form of sound signals and converts it into electrical signal using a transducer. These electrical signals are modulated onto a radio wave at the apex part of buoy and transmitted to the communication satellite. This satellite transfers the data to the shore station. The responses from the shore station are again communicated to the vehicle in the reverse into sound signals and the transmitter at the bottom of the buoy transmits the information to the vehicle. In this way a continuous

communication system is achieved between the vehicle and the shore station. The GPS satellite is used to continuously monitor the track of the vehicle and to keep it in its track when the vehicle moves out of it. The working of the whole system is very much analogous to the mobile communication system which employs

towers at regular intervals similar to buoys. In order to make the communication system effective and continuous, more number of buoys must be set up along the way or in the region where our vehicle is expected to move. The figure below shows the communication system.

Figure 5. Communication system military operations. Since each and every move of our vehicle is known to us, this e-shark can replace the existing submarines. The semi automated e-shark can be equipped with the necessary artillery to counter attack enemies. 6.3. Applications So, the applications of semi automated e-shark are not limited and can be utilized for any The semi automated e-shark has a wide range of underwater operation. applications. Due to the presence of the decision making unit, the semi automated e-shark can be used for any kind of applications. The major application of semi automated e-shark is in

7. DISADVANTAGES

Security problems pose a major threat. Cost proves a major hindrance. Complexity in the design. Huge amount of paraphernalia associated with the communication system.

8.CONCLUSION
On a conclusive note we would establish that the usage of e-shark, which eliminates the human involvement, would remove any risk to human life which is prevalent in the existing systems. Use of e-shark would mark an entry into the unexplored and forbidden regions capable of unveiling the dark secrets of the ocean Finally, e-shark would prove to be a jewel in the artillery of a nations defense system.

9. REFERENCES
[1] Philip R Hougaard, Andrea Megela Simmons, Arthur N Popper, Richard R Fay, Acoustic Communication, 2/en, Hardcover publishers. [2] Robert SH Istepanian, Milica Stojanovic , Underwater Acoustic Digital Signal Processing & Communication Systems, 2/en, Hardcover Publishers.