MATH 5050/6050 Quiz 1 Fall 2009 Key

Name: For full credit, show all steps in details 1. True or False (1 point each): (a) A Rnn is orthogonal if A1 = AT . True (b) Given C Rnn and y = (y1 , . . . , yn )T Rn . Then y T C = y1 cT + + yn cT 1 n if c1 , . . . , cn are the columns of C. False. c1 , . . . , cn are the columns of C T , or equivalently cT , . . . , cT are the rows of C. 1 n (c) If the matrix B Rnn is obtained by switching the rst row and the second row of A Rnn , then det B = det A. False 2. The trace of A Cnn is dened as Tr A =
n i=1

aii . (2 points)

(a) Show that it is a linear function: Tr (A + B) = Tr A + Tr B.

(b) Show that Tr (AB) = Tr (BA) for all A, B Cnn . Then show that Tr (P AP 1 ) = Tr A where P Cnn is nonsingular. (3 points)

(a) The diagonal entries of A + B are aii + bii . So

n n n n n

Tr (A+B) =
i=1

(aii +bii ) =
i=1

aii +
i=1

bii =
i=1

aii +
i=1

bii = Tr A+Tr B.

In other words, Tr is linear. (b) The diagonal entries of AB are

n n n

n k=1

aik bki . So
n n

Tr (AB) =

(
i=1 k=1

aik bki ) =

(
k=1 i=1

aik bki ) =

(
k=1 i=1

bki aik ) = Tr (BA).

Then Tr (P AP 1 ) = Tr (AP P 1 ) = Tr A. 3. Show that if U Rnn is orthogonal, then det U = 1. What if U Cnn is unitary? (2 points)

Since A is orthogonal, U U T = In so that (det U )2 = det U det U T = det(U U T ) = det In = 1. Since det U is a real number as U Rnn , we conclude that det U = 1. When U Cnn is unitary, we have U U H = In so that | det U |2 = det(U U H ) = det In = 1. Thus | det U | = 1. 1