BIASING

Diodes,Transistors,Fets Practical Perspective. Prof K.Appa rao

BIASING DIODES,TRANSISTORS,FETS HOW practical perspective

   


Semiconductor Diodes. Specs of diodes, Determine ckt, apparatus for forward bias. Reverse bias ckt and apparatus
FUN WITH DIODES

BIASING


    

ZENER DIODES, design supply,estimate ripple TUNNEL DIODES FUN WITH ZENERS TRANSISTORS ..Biasing methods FUN WITH TRANSISTORS FETS ..How to bias,..difficulties.

DIODES



FORWARD BIAS
Specs: Vf @ If




REVERSE BIAS
Specs Ir @ Vr

Vb

If

Vb

  

Apparatus: DC Power supply Ammeter , Voltmeter, Diode, Resistor ,Bread board, Wires

  

Apparatus: DC Power supply Ammeter , Voltmeter, Diode, Resistor ,Bread board, Wires

An Engineer specifies thus

      

Dual/Single Dc Regulated Power supply 0-30v / 1 A ..1 No. Moving coil DC milli ammeter 10 ma FSD.. 1 No. 3 digit Digital Multi-meter LCD type ..1No. Diode type 1N 4148. 1 No. Carbon Film resistor 2.7 k w 5 % 1 No.. Bread board.1 No Single strand 1/20 insulated PVC wires

How to determine R ? If = 10 ma
Vb volts 10 20 30 R ohms 820 1800 2700 Pd dissipation 100 mw 200 mw 300 mw W& tolerance &5% &5% &5%

Reverse Bias Characteristic.



A widely used circuit, Is it OK ? what does uA V read ? V read by analog ua meter, by DMM THINK. !!!

Correct Methods.


Solution 1.
Ir 0-30v

1 uF

To CRO 1 M ohm

I r= Vosc/1 M, say 15 mv/1M =15 nA !!

Correct methods..


Solution 2

DMM 0-30v 1 M ohm

I r= Vdmm/1 M, say 15 mv/1M =15 nA !!

FUN WITH DIODES

Enjoy QUIZ

PROBLEM 1.
1k I 10 V Ge Si

I = (a) 10 ma (b) 9.7 ma ( c ) 9.3 ma

PROBLEM No 2
1k I 10 V Ge Si

I= (a) 9.3 ma (b) 0 ma ( C ) 9.7ma

PROBLEM No 3

- 10 V 1K -5V 

I = (a) 15 ma (b) 5 ma ( c ) 0 ma

PROBLEM No 4
1K Vo + 10 V -5V

Vo = (a) 0.7 v (b) 5 v ( c ) - 4.3 V

PROBLEM No 5
1K Vo Ge LED 20 V Si


(a) 0.3V (b) -0.7 V ( c ) 1.8 V

PROBLEM No 6
1K Vo Ge LED 20 V Si Vo = ?

FUN WITH LEDS & RECTIFIERS

Enjoy QUIZ

Use LEDs ,Glow on conduction

D2 D1

D2

D1

V1 D3

R1

R1 V1 D3

D4 D4 D1 and D3 conduct D4 and D2 conduct

Some interesting Applications

USING DIODES

Radio without power

Antenna

D1
Ear phone

L1

C1

C2

Battery Charger
12v

D1

R1

230v

TR1

12v

Lamp life protector

S initially open closed afterwards LAMP/ Soldering iron

230v

Current direction indicators

D1 glows

D1

Current direction

D2 glows

D2
Current direction

Clip wave around zero

INPUT

OUTPUT

ZENER DIODES

Analysis, Design

Zener diode


Forward bias, acts like diode

I = (Vb-O.7)/R I
R Vz Vb

Reverse Bias, acts Like Zener

R = (Vb-Vz)/Iz
R

Iz
Vz Vb

Design of Zener diode supplies

Rs=2k
Vo = ?

12v
Vmin

Vz = 5v

1k

(Vmin x Rl)/(Rl+Rs) = Vz, ,

Vmin = (5(1+2)/1 = 15v

FUN WITH ZENERS

Enjoy QUIZ

PROBLEM 1
1k
Vo = ?

20v

5v
Vo= (a) 0 (b) 5v (c) 0.7v

PROBLEM No 2
1k
Vo = ?

10v

5v

Ge
Vo= (a) 5v (b) 0 (c) 0.3v

PROBLEM No 3
1k
Vo = ?

20v

5v

Si

Vo= (a) 0.7v (b) 5 ( c ) 0v

PROBLEM No 4
1k
Vo = ?

20v

5v Si

Vo= (a) 5.6v (b) 5v ( c ) 20v

PROBLEM No 5


Clip Waves around zero

1k
Vo =? 20v p-p sine wave

5v

PROBLEM No 6
R1
Vo= ?

5v
20v p-p sine input

5v

BIASING Transistors
NPN transisor PNP Transistor

C Ib B

Ic Ie B

Ib

Ic
Realtions : Ie = Ib + Ic, Ic = FIb, F= ai/1-ai

T1
E

T2
E

Ie

BE jn forward biase Rulesd, BC jn reverse biased

Biasing (Beta dependant)

Fixed Bias with Emitter stabilised feed back Vc Vc Vc Feed back Bias with Emitter stabilised feed back Vc

Rb

Rc

Rb

Rc

Rb

Rc

Rb

Rc

T1
Ic = FIb FIXED BIAS

T2
Ie = (F+1)Ic Voltage Feed Back FIXED BIAS

T3 Re

T4 Re

Voltage Divider Bias

Vcc

R1

Rc

Vb = (Vccx R2)/(R1 + R2) Ve = Vb - Vbe Ie = Ic = Ve/Re

T1 R2

Re

Keep current thru R1 > 10 times Ib Stability S = (1+B) ( 1+Rb/Re)/(1+B+ Rb/Re)

FUN WITH TRANSISORS

Enjoy QUIZ

PROBLEM No 1
10v

100k
Ib = (10-0.7)/100 93 uA Ib Ic = 20x93 = 1860 1.86 mA Vc= 10-1.86 = 8.14 v OK

1k

hfe = 20

PROBLEM No 2

100k
Ib = ? Ic = ? Ie = ? Ib

1k
Hfe= Hfe 100 100

T1

PROBLEM No 3
10v

1k
Ic = ? Vc = ?

1k

PROBLEM No 4
+20v

2k
-10v

1k T2

Ve = ?

5k

PROBLEM No 5
10v

1k 1k T1

1k
F1 = F2 = 100

T2

Vc1= ? Vc2 = ?

PROBLEM No 6
10 v

10k

1k
Vc = ?

T1
Ve = ?

2k

1k