Midterm Exam

Analog Electronics

EE 221.3 October 16, 2013

Time: 9:30am-10:30am
Room: 132 ARCH

Name: ___________A. Dinh_________________________

Student number: ___________________________

Notes:

1. Write down your name and ID. Sign your name on every page of the exam.
2. This is 1-hour, closed-book exam. Only two formula sheets can be brought to the exam. Calculators
are allowed only for calculation purpose.
3. Write down all your answers (be brief in the answer) in the space provided in this exam booklet.
Use the other side of the paper if you need more space.
4. Make appropriate assumptions and state your assumptions in answering the questions.
5. Time yourself. Try to solve the easy problems first, then the difficult ones.
6. Hand in all 5 pages of this exam. Keep the exam stapled together.

Signature:______________________ 1
Question 1 (10 points): Multiple choice, select and circle the most appropriate one.

1. How is a conducting diode biased?

a. forward b. inverse
c. poorly d. reverse

2. The transistor can amplify the signal because it:

a. is biased to zero with ac signal b. has a voltage drop across its base-emitter junction
c. has a current gain d. has a voltage across the collector and the emitter

3. To get the Thevenin resistor, you have to

a. short the load resistor b. open the load resistor
c. short the voltage source d. open the voltage source

4. With the same secondary voltage and capacitor filter, which rectifier has the most ripple?
a. bridge rectifier b. half-wave rectifier
c. impossible to say d. full-wave rectifier

5. The current gain of a pnp transistor is:

a. the negative of the npn current gain b. the collector current divided by the emitter current
c. near zero d. none of the above

6. The control terminal in a BJT transistor is:

a. the collector b. the base
c. the emitter d. none of the above

7. In Lab #2 (BJT I-V characteristics), if you accidentally put the wire across the base and the emitter of
the 2N2222A npn transistor, the following will happen:
a. you burn the transistor b. the I-V curve is a horizontal line
c. the I-V curve is a vertical line d. none of the above

8. In Lab #1 (Diode circuits), if you are required to reduce the ripple of the voltage output of a haft-wave
rectifier, you must:
a. increase the input frequency b. decrease the input frequency
c. reduce input voltage d. increase value of the capacitor

9. What is the most important fact about the collector current:

a. it is measured in milliamperes b. it equals to the base current divided by the current gain
c. it is small d. it approximately equals to the emitter current

10. The Q point of a voltage-divider-bias circuit of a transistor is:

a. hypersensitive to the changes in current gain b. somewhat sensitive to the changes in
current gain
c. almost totally insensitive to the changes in current gain d. greatly affected by temperature
changes

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Question 2: Short answer (10 points)

1. a). What is a voltage divider? Illustrate the principle by drawing a simple circuit.

Vs
Dividing a voltage source into smaller voltages. R1
Vo

Vo=Vs(R2/(R1+R2))
R2

b). What is a current divider? Illustrate the principle by drawing a simple circuit.

Dividing c current into smaller currents

I
I(R1)=I(R2/(R1+R2))
R1 R2

2. To the best of your knowledge, name this circuit and briefly explain its operation. The zener diode
and the transistor have a temperature coefficient (TC) of -2mV/OC across the pn junction. At
20OC, assume a 0.7V drops across the base-emitter of the 2N2222A, what is Vout at 75OC?

2N2222A
20V+ Vout
+
680
15
10V zener
diode
_ _

This is a regulator. The zener diode provides 10V to the base of the transistor, the output of the
regulator is the zener diode voltage + Vbe of the transistor.

Vout=Vz + Vbe = 10V + 0.7V = 10.7V

At 75oC, Vz=(10V) + (-2mV/oC)*(75-20)oC= 9.89V

Vbe=0.7V + (-2mV/oC)*(75-20)oC= 0.59V
Vout=Vz+Vbe= 10.48V

The circuit can be used to detect the temperature change.

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Question 3 (10 points)

Design a circuit in the form of the voltage-divider-bias as shown in the figure below with =120 such that
the transistor operates at a Q point of VCE=5V for VCC=10V, IC=0.8mA, and the voltage across resistor RE
is approximately 0.7V.

Beta=100, Vcc=10V

Vce=5V, VRe=0.7V therefore Vc=5.7V leaves VRc=10-5.7=4.3V, then Rc=VRc/Ic=5.375K

Ic=alpha Ie then Ie approzimate 0.8mA, then VRe=Re.Ie or Re=0.7V/0.8mA= 875Ohms

Vb=Vre+Vbe=0.7V + 0.7V = 1.4V and Vb=Vcc(R2/(R1+R2))

Then 1.4=10(R2/(R2+R1)) or 10R2=1.4R1+1.4R2 yields R1=(8.6/1.4)R2
Choose R1 or R2, find the other (no unique answer).
In practice, R1 and R2 should be in KOhms range.

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Question 4 (10 points)

Assume the diode drop in the circuit below is 0.7V, for V+=+5V, V_=-5V, R1=5K Ohms,
R2=10K Ohms, sketch the voltage characteristics in the graph below.

For Vi=0V:
- draw the current direction on D1 and D2
- determine diode current D2, diode current D1, and output voltage Vo.

Vo (V)
V+
5V

ID1 ID2 R1
D1 D2
V 1.9V
Vi Vo

R2
0 1.9V 5V Vi (V)
V_
Voltage V is one diode drop below
For Vi=0V Vo, D1 remains off as long as Vi is
By observation, D1 is OFF therefore ID1=0 less than the output voltage. As Vi
ID2 = ((+5V) (0.7V) (-5V))/(R1+R2) = 0.62mA increases and becomes equal to Vo,
Vo=5V (0.62mA)(5K) = 1.9V both D1 and D2 turn on. When Vi
=V+, D2 turns off, Vo cannot increase
any further.

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