1.3.

12 Transport properties Name flux (of a quantity X) volume flow rate mass flow rate mass transfer coefficient heat flow rate heat flux thermal conductance thermal resistance thermal conductivity coefficient of heat transfer thermal diffusivity diffusion coefficient Symbol JX, J & qV, V & qm, m kd Jq G R , k h, (k, K, ) a D Definition JX = A dX/dt qV = dV/dt qm = dm/dt = dq/dt Jq = /A G = /T R = 1/G = Jq/(dT/dl) h = Jq/T a = /cp D = -Jn/(dc /dl)
-1

SI unit (varies) m s -1 kg s -1 ms W -2 Wm -1 WK -1 KW -1 -1 Wm K -2 -1 Wm K 2 -1 m s 2 -1 m s
3 -1

Notes (1)

The following symbols are used in the definitions of the dimensionless quantities: mass (m), time (t), volume (V), area (A), density (), speed (v), length (l), viscosity (), pressure (p), acceleration of free fall (g), cubic expansion coefficient (), temperature (T), surface tension (), speed of sound (c), mean free path (), frequency (f), thermal diffusivity (a), coefficient of heat transfer (h), thermal conductivity (k), specific heat capacity at constant pressure (cp), diffusion coefficient (D), mole fraction (x), mass transfer coefficient (kd), permeability (), electric conductivity () and magnetic flux density (B).

(1)

The flux of molecules to a surface, JN, determines either the rate at which it would be covered if each molecule stuck, or the rate of effusion through a hole in the surface. In studying the exposure, JN dt, of a surface to a gas, surface scientists find it useful to use the product of pressure and time as a measure of the exposure since this product is proportional to the number flux, JN, times the time JN t = ()C u t = ( u /4kT)pt, where C is the number density of molecules, u their average speed, k the Boltzmann constant and T the thermodynamic temperature. The unit langmuir (symbol: L) corresponds to the -6 exposure of a surface to a gas at 10 torr for 1 second.

Chapter 1 - 1

Name Reynolds number Euler number Froude number Grashof number Weber number Mach number Knudsen number Strouhal number Fourier number Pclet number Rayleigh number Nusselt number

Symbol Re Eu Fr Gr We Ma Kn Sr Fo Pe Ra Nu

Definition Re = vl/ 2 Eu = p/v Fr = v/(lg) 3 2 2 Gr = l gT / 2 We = v l/ Ma = v/c Kn = /l Sr = lf/v 2 Fo = at/l Pe = vl/a 3 Ra = l gT/a Nu = hl/k

SI unit 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Chapter 1 - 2