Pathophysiology System Involved Sensory System

Etiology - Streptococcus pneumoniae - Haemophilus influenzae Anatomical Change - Obstruction of Eustachian tube caused by URI, inflammation of surrounding tissues, or allergic reactions - Accumulation of secretions in middle ear - Viruses and bacteria that colonize the upper respiratory tract can reach the middle ear via aspiration, reflux, or a perforation of the Clinical Manifestations - Fever - Irritability and restlessness - Loss of appetite - Otalgia - Hearing loss - Presence of purulent discharge - Red, opaque, bulging or retracting tympanic Final Diagnosis Otitis Media

Risk Factors - Age - Sex - Genetic - Allergy - Craniofacial abnormalities Predisposing Factors - Second hand cigarette smoke - Being bottle fed

Everything that supports clinical manifestation

Ecologic Model

Complications Mastoiditis Hearing loss Labyrinthitis Postauricular abscess Intracranial abscess

A. Hypothesis Otitis media is an infection of the middle ear. It usually starts with an upper respiratory infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenze, and Moraxella catarrhalis. Otitis media is more often seen in children due to their shorter, wider, and straighter eustachian tubes. B. Predisposing Factors 1. Host - Age - Sex - Genetic - Allergy - Craniofacial abnormalities 2. Agent - Streptococcus pneumoniae - Haemophilus influenzae - Moraxella catarrhalis - Second hand cigarette smoke - Being bottle fed C. Ecologic Model The lever model shows the relationship among the factors that contribute to the disease. Here, the model illustrates that both the host and the agent contribute to the disease while the environment does not. The diagram shown below illustrates the imbalance of the factors which contribute to the causation of the disease. Age Sex Genetic Allergy Craniofacial abnormalities

HOST

Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae Moraxella catarrhalis Second hand cigarette smoke Being bottle fed

ENVIRONMENT

AGENT