JEMATA EXETASEWN

GENIKHS TOPOLOGIAS
JEMA 1.

Na
(1)
(2)

1.5)

'Estw

M, N

uposnola

enc

topologiko

qrou

X \ Bd(M ) = Int(M ) Int(X \ M )

Int(M N ) = Int(M ) Int(N )

X = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
= {, X, {1, 3, 4}, {4}, {1, 3}}

X
Cl({2, 3}) Int({1, 2, 4})
Bd({3, 4, 5})
B)(Mon.

apodeiqje
ta

A)(Mon.

apodeiqje ti

1) 'Estw

ti

to

kai

enai

ma

ep

A)(Mon.

kje uposnolo

tou

ti

tou

sth

sunqeia

na

Na

brejon

f :XY

apeiknish enc qrou

s' na

enai suneqc tte kai mnon tte tan tan gia

isqei

Na jewrhje gnwst
kje kleist snolo

kai

1.5) 'Estw

Na apodeiqje ti h

tou

kai

JEMA 2.
qro

topologa

f (Cl(A)) Cl(f (A))

, to

enai

suneqc

tte

kai

f 1 (F )

enai

kleist sto

snolo

mnon

tte

tan

gia

(X, )
(Y, )
X =
Y = {a, b, c} = {, X, {a}, {b}, {a, b}}
= {, X, {a}, {a, b}, {a, c}}
f :X Y
f (b) = a f (a) = b
f (c) = c
B)(Mon.

1)

Dnontai

oi

topologiko

exetasje

an

qroi

kai

pou

kai

apeiknish

me

kai

Na

enai

suneqc.

JEMA 3.
qrou

sto

A)(Mon.

qro

1)

Na

to

'Estw

f :X Y
X

suneqc

apodeiqje

ti

an

kai

sumpagc,

ep

apeiknish

tte

kai

tou

enai

sumpagc.

B)(Mon.

1)

'Estw

snolo

= {A R : R\A

peperasmno

JEMA 4.

3)

fusiko (

(Mon.

normal

) qrou.

Na

twn

pragmatikn

}{, R}

dojon

oi

arijmn

Na exetasje an o

orismo

tou

me

thn

topologa

enai sunektikc.

kanoniko

regular

kai

Sth sunqeia na apodeiqje ti kje kanonikc qroc

me arijmsimh bsh enai fusikc.

KALH EPITUQIA

JEMATA EXETASEWN
GENIKHS TOPOLOGIAS
1. (. 2)
) A, B X.
(1) A , Cl(A) = A.
(2) Cl(A) .
(3) Cl(A B) = Cl(A) Cl(B).
) X = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} = {, X, {2}, {1, 3, 4}, {3, 4}, {1, 3}}.
X.
2. (. 2.5)
) .
( ) .
) (X, ) (Y, ), X = Y = {1, 2, 3},
= {, X, {1}, {3}, {1, 3}} = {, X, {1}, {1, 3}, {1, 2}}.
(1)
f : (X, ) (Y, )
f (2) = 1, f (1) = 2 f (3) = 3.
(2) (X, ) (Y, ) ;
3. (. 3)
) (regular) T1 .
T1 X
x X V x
U x
x U Cl(U ) V.
) X {i : i I} X.

0 = {i : i I}

1 = {i : i I}
X. .
4. (. 2.5)
) (X, 1 ) (Y, 2 ) . X Y .
) X
;
X
X
.

Ionioc 2011

Genik Topologa
Jmata Exetsewn
JEMA 1o A)
Xt
Int(A)
C(A)
Bd(A)
A
X
Int(Int(A)) = Int(A)
Int(A B) = Int(A) Int(B)
B)
IR2
A = {(x, y) IR2 : y = 0
(M.1,5)

tou

, thc

(1)

'Estw

kai tou

anoikt uposnolo tou

topologikc

qroc

kai

AX

Sth sunqeia na apodeiqje ti:

Int(A) = A

tte kai mno tte tan

Na

dojon

oi

orismo

(2)
(3)

(M.1,5) Dnetai to snolo

me th sunjh topologa, to snolo

kai

x [0, +)}

kai to snolo

M = {(x, y) IR2 : y = 0

kai

x (1, 2)}

Na brejon ta snola:

CIR2 (M ) IntIR2 (M ) BdIR2 (M )

CA (M ) IntA (M ), BdA (M )

(1)

(2)

IR2
A

ston upqwro

JEMA 2o A)
qrwn.

sto qro

tou

(M.1) Na dojon oi orismo twn

IR2

T0 , T1 , T2
T1

Sth sunqeia na apodeiqje ti nac qroc enai

Tychono

, kanonikn,

kai fusikn

qroc tte kai mnon tte tan kje

monosnolo auto enai kleist.

B)

(M.1) 'Estw

ep tou

snolo kai

P X
(

).

Pte to snolo

Poia enai h bsh thc topologac

enai upbash gia ma topologa

Sth sunqeia sto snolo

twn rhtn arijmn

na orisje ma topologa me qrsh tou orismo thc upobshc.

JEMA 3o
(X = {, , , }, t(X) = {, X, {}, {, }, {, , }})
(Y = {1, 2, 3, }, t(Y ) = {, Y, {1, 2}, {3}})
X, Y
t
X Y
f :X Y
f () = f () = 1
(M. 3)Dnontai oi topologiko qroi

kai

(1) Na exetaste an oi qroi

enai sunektiko.

(2) Na orisje h topologa ginmeno

(3)

Na

exetaste

an

sto snolo

me

kai

f () = f () = 3

enai

suneqc

kai

kleist.

JEMA 4o A)
X
B)
(X, t)

(M.1)

apodexete ti an o
(M.1)

Sth
to

'Estw

sunqeia

M1

na

doje

'Estw

X, Y

topologiko

topologikc
pardeigma

qroc

qrou

na enai poujen pukn kai to

M2

kai
kai

qroi

Y
M X

enai sumpagc, tte kai o

kai

f :X Y

suneqc

kai

ep.

Na

enai sumpagc.
.

Pte

uposunlwn

to

M1

kai

na mhn enai poujen pukn.

KALH EPITUQIA

kaletai

M2

tou

poujen

pukn.

ttoiwn,

ste