sng m

Dng 1: Tnh mc cng m L.

Bi ton: Tm mc cng m ti im c cng m l I(W/m2); bit cng m chun l I0.
I
I
L(B) = lg
Gii:
Hoc: L(dB) = 10. lg
I0
I0
Bi ton: cho cng m tng 10 ln th mc cng m tng 10dB; cng m tng 10n ln th
mc cng m tng bao nhiu dB?
Gii:
I
L(dB) = 10. lg
Ban u:
I0
Nu tng cng m 10 ln: I1 = 10.I ta c:
I

10.I
I
L1 (dB) = 10. lg
= 10 lg 10 + lg = 10 + 10lg
= 10(dB) + L(dB): tng 10(dB)
I0
I0
I0

N tng cng m 10n ln: In = 10n.I

I

10 n .I
I
L n (dB) = 10. lg
= 10 lg 10 n + lg = 10.n + 10lg
= 10.n(dB) + L(dB): tng 10.n(dB)
I0
I0
I0

Dng 2: Tnh cng m I.

Bi ton: Tm cng m I ti im c mc cg m l L = a(B)
I
I
L(B) = lg = a
= 10 a
Gii: p dng cng thc
I0
I0
I = I 0 .10 a
Suy ra:
Bi ton:
Dng 3: Nng lng m, cng sut m
Dng 4: Ct kh(so) v dy n
4.1. Ct kh:
nghe thy m to nht, tc l c cng hng m th trong ct kh c sng dng
o Trng hp 1: Ct kh mt u kn(nt) v mt u h(bng):

l=k +
iu kin c sng dng:
; (k N ); k: s b sng nguyn
2 4
S nt v s bng:
Nn = Nb = k +1
o Trng hp 2: Ct kh gm hai u h( 2bng):

l=k
iu kin c sng dng:
; (k N * ); k: l s b sng nguyn
2
Nb = k + 2
S bng sng:
Nn = k +1
S nt sng:
Dng 5: chnh lch thi gian
Dng 6: Truyn m t mi trng ny sang mi trng khc
Dng 7: Xc nh su ca ging hoc vch ni
Dng 8: Tnh khong cch bng sng m
Dng 9: Ngun m chuyn ng
Bi tp:
Cu16: Khi cng m tng gp 10 ln th mc cng m tng 10dB. Khi cng m tng 100 ln th
mc cng m tng
A. 20dB.
B. 50dB.
C. 100dB.
D. 10000dB.
Cu17: Cng m ti mt im trong mi trng truyn m l 10 -5W/m2. Bit cng m chun l I0
=10-12W/m2. Mc cng m ti im bng
A. 50dB.
B. 60dB.
C. 70dB.
D. 80dB.

Cu18: Ti mt im A nm cch ngun m N(ngun im)mt khong NA = 1m, c mc cng m l

LA = 90dB. Bit ngng nghe ca m l I0 = 0,1nW/m2. Cng ca m ti A l
A. 0,1nW/m2.
B. 0,1mW/m2.
C. 0,1W/m2.
D. 0,1GW/m2.
Cu19: Hai m c mc cng m chnh lch nhau 20dB. T s cng m ca chng l
A. 10.
B. 102.
C. 103.
D. 104.
Cu20: Ting ci c tn s fn = 1000Hz pht ra t mt t ang chuyn ng tin li gn bn vi vn tc
10m/s, vn tc m trong khng kh l 330m/s. Khi bn nghe c m c tn s l
A. f = 969,69Hz.
B. f = 970,59Hz.
C. f = 1030,30Hz.
D. f = 1031,25Hz.
Cu21: Ting ci c tn s fn = 1000Hz pht ra t mt t ang chuyn ng tin ra xa bn vi vn tc
10m/s, vn tc m trong khng kh l 330m/s. Khi bn nghe c m c tn s l
A. f = 969,69Hz.
B. f = 970,59Hz.
C. f = 1030,30Hz.
D. f = 1031,25Hz.
Cu22: Mt ngi g mt nht ba trn ng ray v cch 528m, mt ngi p tai vo ng ray nghe
thy ting g sm hn 1,5s so vi ting g nghe c trong khng kh. Vn tc m trong khng kh l
330m/s. Vn tc m trn ng ray l
A. 5100m/s.
B. 5280m/s.
C. 5300m/s.
D. 5400m/s.
Cu23: Vn tc m trong khng kh v trong nc ln lt l 330m/s v 1450m/s. Khi m truyn t trong
khng kh vo nc th bc sng ca n tng ln bao nhiu ln?
A. 6ln.
B. 5ln.
C. 4,4ln.
D. 4ln.
Cu24: Mt ngi ng gn chn ni ht ln ting th sau 7s nghe thy ting vang t ni vng li. Bit vn
tc m trong khng kh l 330m/s. Khong cch t chn ni n ngi bng
A. 4620m.
B. 2310m.
C. 1775m.
D. 1155m.
Cu25: Mt ng so h hai u to sng dng cho m cc i hai u so, gia c hai nt. Chiu di ng
so l 80cm. Bc sng ca m l
A. 20cm.
B. 40cm.
C. 80cm.
D. 160cm.
Cu26: Ct khng kh trong ng thu tinh c cao l c th thay i c nh iu chnh mc nc trong
ng. t mt m thoa trn ming ng thu tinh . Khi m thoa dao ng, n pht ra m c bn, ta thy trong
ct khng kh c mt sng dng n nh. Khi cao ct kh nh nht l0 = 13cm ta nghe c m to nht, bit
u A h l mt bng sng, u B l nt, vn tc truyn m l 340m/s. Tn s m do m thoa pht ra l
A. 563,8Hz.
B. 658Hz.
C. 653,8Hz.
D. 365,8Hz.
Cu27: Mt ngi ng im M cch S1 mt on 3m, cch S2 3,375m. Vn tc ca sng m trong khng
kh v = 330m/s. Ti im M ngi quan st khng nghe c m thanh t hai loa S 1, S2. Bc sng di nht
ca m l
A. 1,25m.
B. 0,5m.
C. 0,325m.
D. 0,75m.
Cu28: Trn mt thong cht lng c hai ngun kt hp A v B. Phng trnh dao ng ti A, B l uA = sin
t(cm); uB = sin( t + )(cm). Ti O l trung im ca AB sng c bin
A. 0cm.
B. 2cm.
C. 1cm.
D. 2 cm.
Cu29: Trn mt thong cht lng c hai ngun kt hp A v B. Phng trnh dao ng ti A, B l uA =
sin100 t(cm); uB = sin(100 t)(cm). Ti O l trung im ca AB sng c bin
A. 1cm.
B. 2cm.
C. 0cm.
D. 2 cm.
Cu30: Cho hai ngun sng m iu ho kt hp l hai loa S 1, S2 hng v nhau t cch nhau 7dm vi
bc sng = 2dm. Trn on S1S2 c bao nhiu cc i giao thoa(vi bin ca li cc i). Bit rng
khi mng loa S1 tin v pha S2 th mng loa S2 tin ra xa S1.
A. 7.
B. 5.
C. 6.
D. 9.
Cu31: Cho hai ngun sng m iu ho kt hp l hai loa S 1, S2 hng v nhau t cch nhau 6dm vi
bc sng = 2dm. Trn on S1S2 c bao nhiu cc i giao thoa(vi bin ca li cc i). Bit rng
khi mng loa S1 tin v pha S2 th mng loa S2 cng tin v pha S1.
A. 6.
B. 7.
C. 5.
D. 4.
Cu32: Mt cn ng t pht ng thi hai sng trong t: sng ngang(S) v sng dc(P). Bit rng vn tc
ca sng S l 34,5km/s v ca sng P l 8km/s. Mt my a chn ghi c c sng S v sng P cho thy
rng sng S n sm hn sng P l 4 pht. Tm ng t cch my ghi l
A. 25km.
B. 250km.
C. 2500km.
D. 5000km.