Watermark Embedding Using Bit Plane Slicing

Study of effect of various operations on watermarked image

Effect Of Rotation And Shearing

Original Image

Watermark Used

Image Sheared After Watermarking and the recovered watermark

Watermark Bit Plane 1

pSNR = 36.06 dB

Bit Plane 5
pSNR = 32.64 dB

Bit Plane 8 pSNR = 29.87 dB

Effect Of JPEG Compression

Bit Plane 1 pSNR = 9.34 dB Bit Plane 5 pSNR = 17.98 dB

Bit Plane 8

pSNR = 36.55 dB

Effect Of Gaussian Noise

Bit Plane 1
pSNR = 3.05 dB

Bit Plane 5
pSNR = 3.04 dB

Effect of Resizing Using Bilinear Interpolation

Bit Plane 1

Bit Plane 5 pSNR = 5.6 dB

pSNR = 3.8 dB

Effect of Resizing Using Nearest Neighbor Interpolation

Bit Plane 5

Bit Plane 1

pSNR = 5.8 dB

pSNR = 3.1 dB

Effect Of Contrast Change

Bit Plane 1

Bit Plane 5
pSNR = 4.18 dB

pSNR = 2.95 dB

Observations
Effect Of geometric transformations is not severe and the only effect is that the edges are jagged. Lossy compression affects the lower bit planes severely but the higher bit planes are preserved Contrast Change also has a similar effect and the higher bit planes are less affected Resizing, as evident, is more or less independent of the technique used. Again it has severe effect in lower planes but the effect reduces as we move towards higher bit planes. Gaussian noise has the most adverse effect, completely destroying the watermark irrespective of its bit plane.