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Free Settling
Slide 1
Hindered Settling
Sedimentation
Free Settling
Slide 2
Hindered Settling
Separation Principle
Differential Viscous Drag Differences in
shape
We need Fluid Mechanics!
Falling Sphere
Consider a sphere (object) falling in a uid Slide 4 What equation describes the motion of this object?
Newtons Law
dv = dt
Buoyancy
Drag
Gravity:
g
= mg = Vp p g
Buoyancy
b
mg = Vp g p
Viscous Drag
Slide 6
d
= CD v 2
Ap 2
Settling Velocity
Ap dv = Vp p g Vp g CD v 2 dt 2
Ap 2
vt =
All we need is the drag
2g
Vp (p ) CD Ap
vDp
Slide 8
Drag Plot
Slide 9
Drag Plot
Three regimes:
Stokes
Slide 10
ow
region:
Re < 1
Turbulent
Plateau:
Slide 11
Laminar or Stokes ow
region Re < 1
CD =
24 Re
CD 0.44
Settling Velocity
So we can solve for the settling velocity of spheres in each region
vt =
Slide 14
2g
Vp (p ) CD Ap
vt =
4 Dp (p ) g 3 CD
Settling Velocity
vt =
4 Dp (p ) g 3 CD
CD =
so
24 Re
vt =
2 gDp (p ) 18
Settling Velocity
vt =
Transition Region 1 < Re < 103 Slide 16
4 Dp (p ) g 3 CD
CD 18Re0.6
so
vt =
2g 27
5/7
Dp 3/7
8/7
Settling Velocity
vt =
Turbulent Plateau 103 < Re < 105 Slide 17
4 Dp (p ) g 3 CD
CD 0.44
so
vt = 3Dp g
Calculation of Drag
We dont know vt at the start No vt , No Re No Re, No CD to calculate vt
Solve the equations in each region (only for Spheres where we have analytical Slide 18 solutions)
4 Dp (p ) g 3 CD
Design Problem
Choose vs so coal goes up and minerals fall down
p 1.3g/cm
3
Dp 0.6cm 0.2cm
C+M V_s
2.3g/cm3
= 1.0g/cm3
10
vt =
Check Re Slide 21
2 gDp (p ) 18
vt = 283cm/s
Re =
Dp v = 5660
vt =
2g 27
5/7
Dp 3/7
8/7
vt = 29.4cm/s
p
Coal Mineral
Dp
3 3
1.3g/cm 2.3g/cm
0.6cm 0.2cm
Bigger Particle higher Re and higher vt Lower density difference lower Re Slide 22 So for coal use the plateau formula
3Dp g
vt =
11
Final Design
C
Slide 23
C+M V_s
Classier
Slide 24
12
Settling Chamber
Slide 25
Complexities
Particle Shape Brownian Motion Hindered Settling
Slide 26
13
Shape Effects
Three regimes:
CD a function of shape
factor Slide 27
Asphere
Surface Area
14