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The model of the atom, the globe, the planetarium, the simulated election process and the preserved specimen fall under contrived experience, the second band if experiences in Dale s Cone of Experience.

What are contrived experiences?

y y Are the edited copies of reality and are used as substitutes for real things when it is not practical or not visible to bring or do the real thing in the classroom. Are designed to simulate to real-life situations

MODELS
Is a reproduction of real thing in a small scale, or large scale, or exact size- but made of synthetic material. Are scaled replicas of real objects; when the real things cannot be used due to their size either too large or too small. Substitute for a real thing which may or may not be operational. Examples are globes, mode cars, airplanes or houses and furniture.

ADVANTAGES y Models provide motivation and enhance learning. y Oversized objects can be reduced in size and can be studied in the classroom. y Some models can be purchased from commercial firms. y The parts can be built as to scale and can appear exactly like the real object. DISADVANTAGES y Purchase of models can be costly. y If models are built as to scale, it could be time consuming. GUIDELINES y Emphasize the size of the real object while being used. y Use of moving models can catch attention and interest easily. y Encourage students to construct simple models with parts in correct proportion. y Some models can be kept for display for a long time depending on the materials used.

MOCK-UPS
y y y y Is an arrangement of a real device or associated devices, display in such a way that representation of reality is created prepared substitute for a real thing; sometimes it is giant a enlargement A planetarium may also be considered as a mock-up the order or the arrangement of the planets is shown and the real processes of the planets around the sun are displayed. A special model where the parts of a model are singled out, heightened and magnified in order to focus on that part or process under study.

ADVANTAGES y It can be constructed by the teacher since she knows which part should be emphasized. In a mock-up structure of a flower the detachable parts could be the pistil and the stamen.

It is a way of focusing observations on the desired part to be studied as well as the functional relationships of the parts.

DISADVANTAGES y Its construction could be time-consuming. y Since the sizes are exaggerated, the students might be confused when faced with the real object. y It could be costly. GUIDELINES y Involve the students in building mock-ups. y Guide the students in the construction of a mock-up. y Make sure it truly illustrates the functional relationship of the parts of the real object. y Prepare a sketch of the desired scale and location of the parts before building it.

REALIA
y Stands for the real things that are to be studied like using real insects or plants. They are plentiful in the children s environment and around the school.

ADVANTAGES y Real objects are easily available everywhere. y Examining real objects create concrete learning experiences for the learner. y Real specimens can be handled and observed thoroughly. y They are inexpensive. y The children are familiar with the real materials and their interest can easily be focused. DISADVANTAGES y Some live animals and plants are potential hazards. Objects like circuits and heat sources could be dangerous. y Some are expensive. y Problems regarding storage and retrieval may arise. GUIDELINES y Fit the real objects with the objectives of the lesson. y Students can bring their own realia from their homes. y Students should be encouraged to help in locating and acquiring realia for the classroom use. y Discuss with them rules on retrieval and safe storage.

SPECIMENS AND OBJECTS

y y Specimen is any individual or item considered typical of a group, class or whole. Objects may also include artifacts displayed in a museum or objects displayed in exhibits or preserved insect specimens in science.

SIMULATION
y y Representation of a manageable real event in which the learner is an active participant engaged in learning behavior or in applying previously acquired skills or knowledge Examples are: school election processes (class and school officers election), fire and earthquake drill which schools usually conduct.

GAMES
y Forms of physical exercise taught to children at school y Plays and relays y Games are used for any of these purposes: 1. To practice and/or to refine knowledge/skills already acquired 2. To identify gaps or weaknesses in knowledge or skills 3. To serve as a summation or review, 4. To develop new relationships among concepts and principles If you want that is fully alive, think of how you can integrate native games in your lessons.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SIMULATION AND GAMES

y y Games are played to win: there is a COMPETITION Simulation needs not winner, seems to be more easily applied to the issues rather than to processes

GENERAL PURPOSES OF SIMULATION AND GAMES

We use simulation and games to make our classes interactive and to develop the decision-making skills and knowledge construction skills of our students. 1. To develop changes in attitudes 2. To change specific behaviors 3. To prepare participants for assuming new roles in the future 4. To help individuals understand their current roles 5. To increase the students ability to apply principles 6. To reduce complex problems or situations to manageable elements 7. To illustrate roles that may affect one s life but that may never assume 8. To motivate learners 9. To develop analytical processes 10. To sensitize individuals to another person s life role

Why do we make use of contrived experiences? We use models, mock ups. Specimens and
objects to 1. Overcome limitations of space and time 2. To edit reality for us to be able to focus on parts or a process of a system that we intend to study. 3. To overcome difficulties of size 4. To understand the inaccessible 5. Help the learners understand abstractions.

Contrived Experiences
Group 1
Members: Abrea, Jealyn Frio, Shiela Mae Gumboc, Shiela Magbanua, Cherry Malinao, Karina