GROUND IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUES

Subject Code No. of Hours/Week

: 06CV663 Lecture : 04 : 52

IA Marks Exam Hours Exam Marks

: 25 : 03 : 100

Total No. of Lecture Hours

PART - A

UNIT - 1 GROUND IMPROVEMENT: Definition, Objectives of soil improvement, Classification of ground improvement techniques, Factors to be considered in the selection of the best soil improvement technique. 4 Hours MECHANICAL MODIFICATION: Type of mechanical modification, Aim of modification, compaction, Principle of modification for various types of soils. 2 Hours

UNIT - 2 COMPACTION: Effect of grain size distribution on compaction for various soil types like BC soil, lateritic soil, coarse-grained soil, micaceous soil. Effect of compaction on engineering behavriour like compressibility, swelling and shrinkage, permeability, relative density, liquefaction potential. Field compaction static, dynamic, impact and vibratory type.. Specification of compaction. Tolerance of compaction. Shallow and deep compaction. 8 Hours

UNIT - 3 HYDRAULIC MODIFICATION: Definition, aim, principle, techniques. gravity drain, lowering of water table, multistage well point, vacuum dewatering. Discharge equations. Design of dewatering system including pipe line effects of dewatering. 6 Hours

UNIT - 4 DRAINAGE & PRELOADING: Drainage of slopes., preloading, vertical drains, sand drains. Assessment of ground condition for preloading, Electro kinetic dewatering. 6 Hours

PART - B

UNIT - 5 CHEMICAL MODIFICATION-I: Definition, aim, special effects, and methods. Techniques sandwich technique, admixtures, cement stabilization. Hydration effect of cement stabilization on permeability, Swelling and shrinkage. Criteria for cement stabilization. Stabilization using Fly ash. 6 Hours

UNIT - 6 CHEMICAL MODIFICATION-II: Lime stabilization suitability, process, special effects, criteria for lime stabilization. Other chemicals, chlorides, hydroxides, lignin, hydrofluoric acid. Properties of chemical components, reactions and effects. Bitumen, tar or asphalt in stabilization. 6 Hours UNIT - 7 GROUTING: . Introduction, Effect of grouting. . Chemicals and materials used. Types of grouting. . Grouting procedure. . Applications of grouting. 6 Hours UNIT - 8 MISCELLANEOUS METHODS (ONLY CONCEPTS): . Introduction, Soil reinforcement. Thermal methods.. Ground improvement by confinement Crib walls, Gabions and Mattresses. . Anchors, Rock bolts and soil nailing. 8 Hours

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Ground Improvement Techniques- Purushothama Raj P. (1999) Laxmi

Publications, New Delhi.

2. Construction and Geotechnical Method in Foundation Engineering- Koerner R.M.

(1985) - Mc Graw Hill Pub. Co., New York.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Engineering principles of ground modification- Manfred Hausmann (1990) - Mc

Graw Hill Pub. Co., New York.

2. Methods of treatment of unstable ground- Bell, F.G. (1975) Butterworths, London. 3. Expansive soils- Nelson J.D. and Miller D.J. (1992) -, John Wiley and Sons. 4. Soil Stabilization; Principles and Practice- Ingles. C.G. and Metcalf J.B. (1972) Butterworths, London.