Tit 39

Tit 39
I- Hiro clorua
1. Cu tao pthn t 2. Tinh cht

1. Cu tao phn t

H Cl
2. Tinh cht

H - Cl
Lin kt cng hoa tri phn cc

HCl la khi khng mau, mui xc.

HCl nng hn khng khi 1,26 ln.

HCl tan nhiu trong nc

Tit 39
I- Hiro clorua
1. Cu tao pthn t 2. Tinh cht

1. Cu tao phn t

H Cl
2. Tinh cht

H - Cl
Lin kt cng hoa tri phn cc

HCl la khi khng mau, mui xc.

HCl nng hn khng khi 1,26 ln.

HCl tan nhiu trong nc.

Tit 39
I- Hiro clorua
1. Cu tao phn t 2. Tinh cht

Hiro clorua

+ H2O

Dung dich axit clohiric

II- Axit clohiric 1. Tinh cht vt ly

1. Tinh cht vt ly

La cht long khng mau Mui xc Nng c nht la 37% Dung dich axit clohiric c bc khoi trong
khng khi m.

Tit 39
I- Hiro clorua

2. Tinh cht hoa hoc

II- Axit clohiric

1. Tinh cht vt ly 2. Tinh cht hoa hoc +1

1. Cu tao phn t 2. Tinh cht

Ion H+
-1

Tinh axit

H Cl

Ion Cl-

Tinh kh

Tit 39
I- Hiro clorua
1. Cu tao phn t 2. Tinh cht 1. Tinh cht vt ly 2. Tinh cht hoa hoc a/Tinh axit manh

a/Tinh axit manh

Lam i mau quy tim sang mau o.
Tac dung vi kim loai ng trc H mui + H2
Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2

II- Axit clohiric

Tac dung vi oxit baz mui + nc

CuO + 2HCl CuCl2 + H2O

Tac dung vi baz mui + nc

Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl MgCl2 + 2H2O

Tac dung vi mui mui mi + axit mi

CaCO3 + HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O

Tit 39
I- Hiro clorua
1. Cu tao phn t 2. Tinh cht 1. Tinh cht vt ly 2. Tinh cht hoa hoc a/Tinh axit manh b/Tinh kh

b/Tinh kh (yu)
MnO2 KMnO4 + HCl

II- Axit clohiric

KClO3
K2Cr2O7
+4

Cl2 + ..

-1

MnO2 + 4HCl
Cht oxi hoa

MnCl2

+2

+ Cl2 + 2 H2O

Cht kh

Tit 39
I- Hiro clorua
1. Cu tao phn t 2. Tinh cht 1. Tinh cht vt ly

3. iu ch
a/ Trong phong thi nghim : Phng phap sunfat

II- Axit clohiric

2. Tinh cht hoa hoc a/Tinh axit manh b/Tinh kh 3. iu ch a/ Trong PTN
<250oC

NaCl + H2SO4 c
2NaCl + H2SO4 c

NaHSO4
Na2SO4

+ HCl
+ 2HCl

400oC

Tit 39
I- Hiro clorua
1. Cu tao phn t 2. Tinh cht 1. Tinh cht vt ly

b/ Trong cng nghip

to

H2 Hoc

Cl2

2HCl
400oC

II- Axit clohiric

2. Tinh cht hoa hoc a/Tinh axit manh b/Tinh kh 3. iu ch a/ Trong PTN b/ Trong cng nghip

2NaCl + H2SO4 c

Na2SO4

+ 2HCl

M phong dy chuyn san xut dung dich axit clohiric

Tit 39
I- Hiro clorua
1. Cu tao phn t 2. Tinh cht

1. Mt s mui clorua
Hu ht cac mui clorua u tan nhiu trong nc, tr mt s mui khng tan nh AgCl va it tan nh CuCl va PbCl2

II- Axit clohiric

1. Tinh cht vt ly 2. Tinh cht hoa hoc a/Tinh axit manh b/Tinh kh 3. iu ch

2. Nhn bit ion ClNaCl + AgNO3 AgCl + NaNO3

HCl + AgNO3 AgCl + HNO3

III- Mui clorua va nhn bit Cl1. Mt s mui clorua 2. Nhn bit ion Cl-

Vy dung dich AgNO3 la thuc th nhn bit ion clorua.

TNG KT

Hiro clorua
H2 + Cl2 D2 axit clohiric NaCl + H2SO4 Tinh kh

Tinh axit manh Mui clorua

Bai tp cung c
Bai 1 : Kim loai nao co th dung phn bit 3 dung dich ring bit sau: Na2CO3 , HCl , Ba(NO3)2

a) Cu
ap an : b) Fe

b) Fe

c) Ca hai u ung.

Na2CO3
Fe HCl Ko phan ng Bot khi (CO2)

HCl

Ba(NO3)2

Bot khi (H2) Ko phan ng Ko phan ng

Phng trinh phan ng:

Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 2NaCl + H2 + H2O 2HCl + Na2CO3 + CO2

Bi 2
Bng phng phap hoa hoc hy nhn bit ba lo mt nhn cha cac dung dich sau: NaCl; HCl;HNO3

P N
NaCl, HCl, HNO3
Qu tm

HCl, HNO3

NaCl

AgNO3

HNO3

AgCl

Bai 3
Tim cac cht tng ng vi cac ch cai A, B, C, D, E, F va hoan thanh cac phng trinh phan ng hoa hoc theo s sau y:

MnO2 + ? A+C

t0

A + B + C HCl + HClO

A + Cu
D + NaOH

t0

D
E xanh + F

E + HCl

D+C

P N
t0

MnO2 + 4HCl Cl2 + H2O Cl2 + Cu

t0

Cl2 + MnCl2 + H2O

(A) (B) (C)

HCl + HClO CuCl2 (D) Cu(OH)2 xanh + NaCl

(E)

CuCl2 + NaOH Cu(OH)2 + HCl

CuCl2 + H2O

Bai tp v nha:
Bai 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (SGK T106)

TH KHA NNG HOA TAN CUA HIRO CLORUA

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