Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter places the current study into the context of previous, related research. It consists of both the theoretical and conceptual framework of the present study. Related Literature According to the article of Colin Wilborn, et.al (2005), Obesity and its

associated disorders are a growing epidemic across the world. Many genetic, physiological, and behavioral factors play a role in the etiology of obesity. Diet and exercise are known to play a valuable role in the treatment and prevention of obesity and associated disorders such as hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to examine the prevalence, etiology, consequences, and treatment of obesity. Approximately 1.2 billion people in the world are overweight and at least 300 million of them are obese. According to the World Health Organization, obesity is one of the 10 most preventable health risks. Yet, at least 300,000 deaths every year in the United States alone can be linked to obesity. Obesity is associated with disorders such as hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and liver disease. Obesity has been thought to simply be related to an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. However, more recent research has suggested that genetic, physiological, and behavioral factors also play a significant role in the etiology of obesity. Thus, the management of obesity through exercise, nutrition, supplementation, and medical intervention are at the forefront of research. The purpose of this review is to examine the current literature as it pertains to the prevalence, theories, medical consequences, management, and future research directions in the study of obesity. Further, this review will provide practical recommendations in dealing with athletes and/or clients who are overweight.