Multiples and Factors

Lesson 4.1

Multiples
A multiple is formed by multiplying a given number by the counting numbers. The counting numbers are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc.

Example: List the multiples of 4:

4x1=4 4x2=8 4 x 3 = 12 4 x 4 = 16 4 x 5 = 20 4 x 6 = 24
Counting Numbers

So, the multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, etc.

What are the first five multiples of 13?

13 x 1 =13
13 x 2 = 26 13 x 3 = 39

13, 26, 39, 52, 65

13 x 4 = 52
13 x 5 = 65

Find the Missing Multiples

24 30 6, 12, 18, ____, ____ 15 18 3 ___, 6, 9, 12, ____, ____, 21 72 ___, 24, 36, 48, 60, ____ 12

Factors
Factors are the numbers you multiply together to get a product. For example, the product 24 has several factors. 24 = 1 x 24 24 = 2 x 12 24 = 3 x 8 24 = 4 x 6 SO, the factors are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24

Finding Factors
Start with 1 x the number. Try 2, 3, 4, etc. When you repeat your factors, cross out the repeat - youre done at this point. If you get doubles (such as 4 x 4), then youre done. Repeats or doubles let you know youre done.

What are the factors of 16?

1 x 16 2x8 3 x ?? 4x4

3 is not a factor, so cross it out

doubles = done

The factors of 16 are 1,2,4,8,16

What are the factors of 18?

1 2 3 4 5 6 x x x x x x 18 9 6 ?? ?? 3 The factors are 1,2,3,6,9,18

Repeat! Cross it out! Were done!

What are the factors of 7?

1x7 2 x ?? 3 x ??
4 5 6 7 x x x x ?? ?? ?? 1

The only factors of 7 are 1,7

This works, but it is a repeat. We are done.

Prime and Composite Numbers

Prime numbers are numbers that only have two factors: one, and the number itself. Composite numbers have more than two factors. EXAMPLES: 6, 18, 30, 100

EXAMPLES: 3, 5, 7, 11, 31

Homework Time