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CNC Applications: Speed and Feed Calculations
CNC Applications: Speed and Feed Calculations
Right Hand
Tooling Considerations
Tooling choices depend on the type of workpiece, the machine, and the desired surface finish. Harder workpieces require harder cutters. Modern cutters require the turning center to have high spindle speeds and powerful motors.
Cutting Speed
What is cutting speed?
Not RPM Relative speed of the work and cutter Units in feet/minute (fpm) Usually designated as V, cs, or S Tabulated in the book based on material, cutter type, and type of cut (roughing or finishing) Needed to calculate RPM
Where V = cutting speed to be looked up in the handbook p = 3.14 D = diameter being cut When punching buttons on your calculator, do this:
12 V D =
Note the difference between this and the actual formula. To use this formula, we must first find V in the handbook See page 1022 for a list of the tables.
Types of Cuts
Roughing primary considerations:
Just removing metal, surface finish does not matter. Requires a strong cutter. Generally have deep depth of cuts and fast feed rates. The cutting speed is generally adjusted slower to keep heat down.
Insert
f h= 8 r
and
f2 roughness = 32 r
Finishing:
0.03 to 0.05 depth of cut (radial) 0.006 ipr to 0.010 ipr feed rate Note 1: the depth of cut should not be less than the tool nose radius unless special finishing inserts are being used. Note 2: smaller feed rates can be used if special finishing inserts are being used.
Step 1:
Depth of cut given at 0.25.
Step 2:
Feed rate given as 0.012 ipr.
Material
Hardness
Cutting Parameters
Note that the table lists cutting speed as S rather than V as used everywhere else. Note that the feed rates are given in 0.001 ipr, so the 17 listed for Fopt is actually 0.017 ipr.
Third, find the feed factor where the step 1 row and step 2 column cross.
Vavg
And
Vopt
12 V N = RPM = D
For this example: RPM = 12 x 621 p 2.5 = 949 RPM