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Data
Booklet
Chemistry Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level
for use from 2OO9 in all papers for the above
syllabus, except practical examinations

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UNIVERSITY o/ CAM BRI DGE

International Examinations

Tables ofGhemieal Dda,

lmportant values, eonstants and standards

lfl

molar gas constant

= 8.31 J

the Faraday constant

= 9.65 x 10aC mol-1

the Avogadro constant

= 6.02 x 1023 mol-l

the Planck mnstant

=6.63x10+Js

speed of light in a vacuum

= 3.00 x 10s m s-r

rest mass of proton,

mp

= 1.67 x

10-27 kg

mn

= 1.67 x

10-27 kg

me

= 9.11 x 10{1 kg

etectronic charge

molar volume of gas

Ym

= 22.4dm3 mol-l at s.t.p.

lH

rest mass of neutron,

fn

rest mass of electron, -!e

ym

mol-1

-1.60 x 1O-le C

= 24 dmsmot*1 under room conditions

(where s.t.p. is expressbd as 101 kPa, approximately, and273 K (0'C))
ionic product of water

specific heat capacity of water

l(fl

= 1.00 x 10-14 mol2 dm{

(at 29s K [25'C])
= 4.18 kJ ko-r K-l
(= 4.18 J g-r tc')

lonisation energies (1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th) of setected elements, in kJ mol-l
Proton
Number

First

1310

He

2370

5250

Li

519

7300

11800

Be

900

1760

14800

21000

799

2420

3660

2s000

1090

2350

4610

6220

1400

2860

4590

7480

1310

3390

5320

7450

I
I

1680

3370

6040

8410

Ne

10

2080

39s0

6150

9290

Na

11

494

4560

6940

9540

Mg

12

736

1450

7740

10500

A/

13

577

1820

2740

Si

14

786

1580

3230

4360

15

1060

1900

2924

4960

16

1000

2260

3390

4540

ct

17

1260

2300

3850

5150

Ar

18

1520

2660

3950

5770

19

4',18

3070

4600

5860

Ca

20

590

150

4940

6480

Sc

21

632

1240

2390

7110

Ti

22

661

1310

2720

4170

23

648

't370

2870

4600

Cr

24

653

1590

2990

4770

Mn

25

716

1510

3250

5190

Fe

26

762

1560

2960

5400

Co

27

757

1640

3230

5100

Ni

28

736

1750

3390

5400

Cu

29

745

1960

3350

5690

Zn

30

908

730

3828

5980

Ga

31

577

980

2960

6190

Ge

32

762

1540

3300

4390

Br

35

140

2080

3460

4850

Sr

38

548

1060

4120

5440

Sn

50

707

1410

2940

3930

53

1010

1840

2040

4030

Ba

56

542

966

3390

Pb

82

716

1450

3080

Fourth

Second

1600

4080

Bond energies

{a)

Platomio molecules
Bond

EnagyllrJ mol-r
436

D--O

M2

N=N

O=O

990
496

crcI

2M

Br-4r

I-I
FH
FH/
Fl4r
t-H

(b)

158
193

157
562
431
366

2e9

Polyatomicmoleeules
Bond

EnerglkJ mol-r

C=C
C=C

350
610
840

c-4

Ct*C (benzene)

52\

c--+l

410

4t
C-4r
c-I

c-{

340

2W

2N
360

C=O

740

e=N

610
890
390

CJ{
C=N

l.l-{'l

305

Nl-l.l

160

N=N

410

o-l{

H
si--c,
s+t
su)

si--i

s-G'
S-H
s-s

i$60

150
3be
320

4M
222
250
347

2M

Standard electrode potential and redox potentials, Ec at 298 K (25'C)

For ease of reference, two tabulations are given:

(a)
(b)

an extended list in alphabeticalorder;

a shorter list in decreasing order of magnitude, i.e. a redox series.

(a) f

in alphabeticalorder

Pw

Electrode reaction

Ag* * eAI 3* + 3e-

Ag

+0.80

AI

-1.66

Baz' + 2e-

Ba

-2.90

zB,,-

+1.OT

Br'+

29-

+ 2e'

Ca

-2.87

zCt-

+1.36

Cl2+ 21119

+1.64

Co

4.28

co2t

+1.82

Co + 6NHr

{.43

Cf* + 2e-

Cr

-0.91

Cr3* + 3e-

Cr

4.74

Caz*

cb+

2e*

2HOCI+2H*+2eco2' + 2eCo3* + e[Co(NH3)u]2. + 2s-

cr3* + e-

cf.
2Cr3' + THzO

-0.41
+1.33

Cu* + e-

Cu

+0.52

cu2* + 2e-

Cu

+0.34

Cuz* + e-

Cu*

+0.15

Cu + 4NHs

-0.05

Fz+ 2eFez* + 2e-

2F-

+2.87

Fe

-0.44

Fe3* + 3e-

Fe

-0.04

Fe2*

+0.77

tFe(cN)sf

+0.36

Fe(OH)2 + OH-

-0.56

CrzAtz- + 14H* + 6e-

[Cu(NH3)a]2. + 2s-

Fe3* +

e-

[Fe(CN)6]] + 6Fe(OH)3 + s-

2H' + 2e-

H2

0.00

lz+ 2e'

2t-

+0.54

K*+e-

-2.92

Li* + e-

Li

Mg't * 2e-

Mg

-3.04
-2.38

Mnz* + 2e-

Mn

-1.18

Mn2*

+1.49

Mn2* + 2HzO

+1.23

MnO+2-

+0.56

MnO, + 21119

+1.67

Mn2* + 4HzO

+1.52

NO2 + 11rg

+0.81

HNO, + 11rg

+0.94

NHa'+ 31119

+0.87

Na

-2.71

Mn3* + e-

MnO2+4H*+2eMnOa- +

s-

MnOa-+4H*+3eMnOa +8H*+5e-

NO' + 2H'+ eNOs+3H"+2eNO3-+10H*+8e-

Na'+ e-

t
I
I

seA/

Electrode reaction
Ni2* + 2e-

Ni

-0.25

[Ni(NHr).12. + 2s-

Ni+

H2O2+2H'+2e-

2HzA

+1.77

Oz+4H++4e-

&HzO

+1.23

02+!f{rQ+{saz+2{'+2e2HzQ + 2

40H-

+0.40

HzOz

+0.68

Hz + 2OH-

-0.83

Pb2* + 2e-

Pb

{.13

Pb4* + 2e-

Pb2'

+1.69

Pb2* + ZHzO

+1.47

SO2 + 211rp

+0.17

2sof-

+2.O1

PbO2+4H'+2
SOa2-+ 4H'+2eSzOa2-+ 2eSaO52-+

2s-

sn2* + 2e-

-0.51

61111.

2$eOsF

Sn

+ 2e-

-0.14
+0.15

Sna* + 2eV2*

+0.09

V
v2*

-1.20
*0.26

VOz*+2H*+eVO2*+2H*+e-

V3* + HzO

+0.34

VOz* + HzO

+1.00

VOt+4H*+ezn2* * 2{

VO2* + 2HzO

+1.00

Zn

{.76

V3* +

e-

ldl ionic states refer to aqueous ions but other state symbols have been omitted.

(b) E'h decreaslng order of oxidi*ing power

(see also the extended alphabetical list on the previous pages)

Ee.N

Electrode reaction

2{

2f-

+2.87

2SO42-

+2.A1

ZHzO

+1.7V

MnOr-+8H*+5e-

Mn2'+ 4HzO

+1.52

PbO2+4H.+2{
Clz+2{

Pb2* + 2HzO

+'|-.47

zct'

+1.36

Fz+

r'-* 2
H2O2+2H*+2
SaO

=
*
rF

ArzAf-+14H*+6e-

2Cr3*

Br2+ 2et'

NOt+2H*+eAg* * eFe3* +

lz+ 2d

02+2H,Q+4ecu3* + 2e.

SO1'z-+4H*+2esn4*

+2d

SnOo?'+ 2e-

2{
Pbz* +2{
211+

Sne + 2eFe2* + 2eZnz*

+2d

Mg'* * 2e-

Ca2'+2

K+d

+Ag
+
,*2f
*
i=
=
*
+
!t

+7HzO

+1-33

2Br

+1.O7

NQz + HzO

+0.81

+0.80
Fg2*

+a.77

+0.01
4OH-

+0-40

Cu

+0.34

SO2 + 21'1.6

+0.17

Sn2*

+0;15

2SzOs2-

r0.@
.oI,o

Ht

4.fll

=Pb
=Sn

{:14

Fe
r*
+Zn
+Mg
+Ca
r=K

{r.44

{:?t

rzs
-2-87

-zf;z

Atomic and ionic radii

(a)

Period 3
metallic

single covalent

atomic/nm

Na
Mg
Ar

ionic/nm
o.ogs
Mo2* o.o6s
o.oso

Na*

Af.

o.117
0.110

si4*
P3-

0.041
0.212

0.1M

s2-

0.184

ct

0.099

Ar

0.192

Be
Mg
Ca

0.112

Be2*

0.160
0.197
0.215

c;2'

Si
P

van der Waals

0.186
0.160
0.143

cr

0.181

Group ll
metallic

Ba

o217

Ra

0.220

0.099
0.113
Ba2* 0.135
Ra2* 0.140

0.077
0.117

si4*

0.041

Ge2*
Sn2*
Pb2*

0.093

F-

0.136

Sr

Group lV
single covalent

Si

metallic

0.031
Mo2t 0.065

o.122

Ge
Sn
Pb

0.162
0.175

o.o72

sl.

0.112
0.120

Group Vll
single covalent

cl

cr

At

0.099
0.114
0.133
0.140

Sc

0.144

sc3*

0.081

Ti

0.132

Ti2*

0.090

V
Cr

0.122

v3*

o.o74

0.117
0.117
0.116

cr3*

0.069

0.116
0.115
0.117

c02* 0.078
Ni2* 0.078
cu2* 0.069

o.12s

Znz*

Br
I

Br-

0.181

I-

0.195
0.216

First row transition elements

single covalent

Mn
Fe

Co
Ni

Cu
Zn

Mn2* 0.080
Fe2* 0.076
Fe3* 0.064

0.074

Typical proton chemical shift value (6) relative to T'M'S.=O

Type

Chemicalshift (ppm)

of proton

R-CH3

0.9

R-CH2-R

1.3

1.4-1.7

R3CH

c*.-c<:R

2.O

R-"'cH'

2.1

il

o
.CH,

2.3

R-C=C-H

1.8-3.1

R-CHr-Hal

3.2-3.7

R-O-CH3

3.3-4.0

R-O_H

0.5-6.0.

R,C:CH-

4.5-6.0

Go*

4.5-7.0*

G,

6.0-9.0

R-Clo
\H

9.0-10.0

2,o

R-C-\o_H

9.0-'13.0*

R-NH2

1.0-5.0*

G*,,

3.0-6.0"
5.0-12.0*

"-{o\NH*Sensitive.to solvent, concentration

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BLANK PAGE

10