B GIO DC V O TO TRNG I HC DN LP K THUT CNG NGH TP.

H CH MINH
KHOA IN IN T

BO CO NGHIN CU KHOA HC SINH VIN

ti:

NGHIN CU S DNG CHIP VI IU KHIN AVR V NG DNG TRONG TRUYN D LIU KHNG DY

SVTH : LIN MINH DNG MSSV : 00T025 LP :00T1

Nin kho 2000 2005

Phn I: Tng quan v ti I.1 t vn I.2 Mc tiu ti Phn II: Ni dung ca ti II.1 Gii thiu s lc vi iu khin AVR AT908535 I.1.1 M t 1.1.2 t tnh ca AT90S8535 II.2 Thit k v thi cng II.2.1 S khi v cu trc ca h thng II.2.2 Thit k h thng pht II.2.2.1 Nguyn l hot ng II.2.2.2 Thit k phn cng II.2.3 Thit k h thng thu d liu II.2.3.1 Nguyn l hot ng II.2.3.2 Thit k phn cng Phn III : Kt lun III.1 Thi cng III.2 ngha khoa hc v ng dng thc tin III.2.1 ngha khoa hc III.2.2 ng dng thc tin III.3 Kt lun Phn IV : Ti liu tham kho

Trang 1 Trang 1 Trang 2 Trang 2 Trang 4 Trang 6 Trang 6 Trang 7 Trang 7 Trang 7 Trang 10 Trang 10 Trang 11 Trang 13 Trang 13 Trang 13 Trang 14 Trang 14

: TNG QUAN TI
PHN I I.1 t vn
Ngy nay, nhng ng dng ca Vi iu khin i su vo i sng sinh hot v sn xut ca con ngi. Thc t hin nay l hu ht cc thit b in dn dng hin nay u c s gp mt ca Vi iu Khin v vi x l . ng dng vi iu khin trong thit k h thng lm gim chi ph thit k v h gi thnh sn phm ng thi nng cao tnh n nh ca thit b v h thng. Trn th trng c rt nhiu h vi iu khin: h 8051 ca Intel, 68HC11 ca Motorola, Z80 ca hng Eilog, PIC ca hng Microchip, H8 ca Hitachi,vv.. v cui cng l AVR ca hng Atmel. AVR l h Vi iu khin kh mi trn th trng cng nh i vi ngi s dng. y l h VK c ch to theo kin trc RISC (Reduced Intruction Set Computer) c cu trc kh phc tp. Ngoi cc tnh nng nh cc h VK khc, n cn tch hp nhiu tnh nng mi rt tin li cho ngi thit k v lp trnh. S ra i ca AVR bt ngun t yu cu thc t l hu ht khi cn lp trnh cho vi iu khin, chng ta thng dng nhng ngn ng bc cao HLL (Hight Level Language) lp trnh ngay c vi loi chip x l 8 bit trong ngn ng C l ngn ng ph bin nht. Tuy nhin khi bin dch th kch thc on m s tng nhiu so vi dng ngn ng Assembly. Hng Atmel nhn thy rng cn phi pht trin mt cu trc c bit cho ngn ng C gim thiu s chnh lch kch thc m ni trn . V kt qu l h vi iu khin AVR ra i vi vic lm gim kch thc on m khi bin dch v thm vo l thc hin lnh ng n chu k my vi 32 thanh ghi tch ly v t tc nhanh hn cc h vi iu khin khc t 4 n 12 ln. V th nghin cu AVR l mt ti kh l th v gip cho sinh vin bit thm mt h vi iu khin vo loi mnh nht hin nay. Ngy nay cng ngh khng dy ang pht trin rt mnh . Vi cc thit b khng dy ngy cng hin i cho php ngi s dng tha mn nhng nhu cu v gii tr cng nh trong iu khin sn xut m khng cn dy ni. N thc s tin ch v to cm gic thoi mi cho ngi s dng. Truyn tn hiu s khng dy l mt ti c nhiu ng dng thc t nht l trong lnh vc iu khin t xa v truyn s liu.

I.2 Mc tiu ti
Nghin cu v AVR v cc vn lin quan nh thi cng mch np, cc chng trnh phn mm h tr lp trnh. Lp trnh chip AT90S8535 s dng b ADC 10 bit ly mu tn hiu v truyn tn hiu dng song song 4 bit. Kho st kh nng truyn d v tm xa ca module thu pht v tuyn ca b chung s bn trn th trng. ng dng b thu pht v tuyn cho vic truyn tn hiu c s ho truyn i xa.

: NI DUNG TI
PHN II II.1 GII THIU S LC VI IU KHIN AVR AT90S8535 II.1.1 M t
AT 90S8535 l b vi iu khin CMOS 8 bit tiu th in nng thp da trn kin trc RISC. Vi cng ngh ny cho php cc lnh thc thi ch trong mt chu k nhp xung, v th tc x l d liu c th t n 1 triu lnh trn giy tn s 1 Mhz. Vi iu khin ny cho php ngi thit k c th ti u ho mc tiu th nng lng m vn m bo tc x l. Phn ct li ca AVR kt hp tp lnh phong ph v s lng vi 32 thanh ghi lm vic a nng. Ton b 32 thanh ghi u c ni trc tip vi ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit), cho php truy cp 2 thanh ghi c lp bng mt chu k xung nhp. Kin trc t c c tc x l nhanh gp 10 ln vi iu khin dng CISC thng thng.

Hnh II.1 di y th hin s cu trc bn trong ca AT90S8535.

Hnh II.1 S cu trc ca AVR AT 90S8535

II.1.2 c tnh ca AT90S8535

c ch to theo kin trc RISC, hiu cao v in nng tiu th thp B lnh gm 118 lnh, hu ht u thc thi ch trong mt chu k xung nhp 32x8 thanh ghi lm vic a dng. 8KB Flash ROM lp trnh c ngay trn h thng o Giao din ni tip SPI cho php lp trnh ngay trn h thng o Cho php 1000 ln ghi/xo B EEPROM 512 byte . o Cho php 100.000 ghi/xo. B nh SRAM 512 byte. B bin i ADC 8 knh, 10 bit . 32 ng I/O lp trnh c B truyn ni tip bt ng b vn nng UART Vcc=2.7V n 6V Tc lm vic: 0 n 8 Mhz Tc x l lnh n 8 MIPS 8 MHz ngha l 8 triu lnh trn giy B m thi gian thc (RTC) vi b dao ng v ch m tch bit 2 b Timer 8 bit v 1 b Timer 16 bit vi ch so snh v chia tn s tch bit v ch bt mu. Ba knh iu ch rng xung PWM C n 13 interrupt ngoi v trong B nh thi Watchdog lp trnh c. t ng reset khi treo my B so snh tng t Ba ch ng : ch ri (Idle), tit kim in ( Power save) v ch Power Down Sau y l bng so snh nhng c tnh gia AT90S8535 vi h AT89C51. Bng 1: c tnh Flash ROM EEPROM RAM ni B Timer AT90S8535 AT89C51 - 8K Byte c th lp trnh trn -4 KB h thng - 512 byte - 512 byte SRAM -2 b timer 8 bit - 1 b timer 16 bit - 1 b watchdog timer - Khng - 128 byte RAM - 2 b timer 16 bit

B ADC

- 1 b ADC 8 knh 10 bit

- Khng - Khng

Giao thc truyn ni tip - C ch/t B PWM B truyn ni tip UART B so snh tng t Ngun ngt (Interrupt) Tn s hot ng in p tiu th

- B iu ch PWN 8-,9-v 10- - Khng bit - C 2 ch -C - C 17 ngun ngt - 0 8 Mhz Thch anh 4 Mhz , VCC=3V: - Trng thi tch cc : 6.4mA - Trng thi ri : 1.9mA - Trng Power Down : < 1 uA - C 4 ch - Khng - C 6 ngun ngt - (0 24 Mhz)/12 Thch anh VCC=3V: 12Mhz,

-Trng thi tch cc : 20 mA -Trng thi ri : 5 mA -Trng Power Down : < 40 uA - 17.000

Gi thnh ( ti th trng - 110.000 Vit Nam)

Qua bng so snh c th thy rng AT908535 khng nhng tha k nhng u im ca AT89C51 m cn c nhng c tnh mi kh hon thin, hiu sut cao hn hn v tc x l cao gp nhiu. Tuy nhin mt tr ngi ln l gi thnh cn kh cao (c th mt phn do cha c s dng rng ri).

II.2 THIT K V THI CNG MCH II.2.1 S khi v cu trc ca h thng

B cm bin nhit ..

VREF

ADC
DATA IN

Module m ho tn hiu v pht RF AT 90S8535

Hnh II.2 S khi bn pht I

Module thu RF

Gii m tn hiu ni tip ra song song

VK

AT 89C2051

Khi hin th

H II.3 S khi bn thu

ADC ( Analog to Digital Convert ) : b chuyn i tn hiu tng t sang tn hiu s UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter):b thu pht tn hiu bt ng b vn nng RF (Radio Frequency) : sng v tuyn

II.2.2 Thit k phn h thng pht

II.2.2.1. Nguyn l hot ng Tn hiu tng t c th trong ti ny l tn hiu nhit ly t IC cm bin LM35 s c chuyn i sang tn hiu s nh b ADC tch hp sn trong AVR . Ta c th ly tn hiu nhit khc nhau thng qua 8 b cm bin LM35. Tn hiu mi ni c xem nh mt knh v ln lc c chuyn i ADC theo qui tc hi vng. Sau khi chuyn i xong tn hiu ca mt knh, d liu lc ny l 10 bit, d dng trong x l ta ch xt 8 bit (tc b 2 bit cao). AVR s chia 8 bit thnh 2 na 4 bit v gi n b m ho. B m ho mi ln thc hin m ho 4 bit d liu km theo 8 bit a ch xc nh module thu no c quyn nhn . Tn hiu ng ra b m ho lc ny l tn hiu s dng ni tip s c a vo module pht. Ti y tn hiu s c iu ch ASK v c bc x ra Anten pht i. Module pht chnh l mch pht tn hiu ca b chung ca s c bn trn th trng. Mch pht ny c th pht khong cch 80 m n 100 m tu iu kin a hnh. II.2.2.2. Thit k phn cng h thng pht Nh ni trn vic tch hp sn b ADC trong chip gim i rt nhiu khi lng cng vic thit k c v phn cng v phn mm. Thay v phi thit k thm b ADC ngoi th vi b ADC tch hp sn, ta ch cn a tn hiu tng t cn chuyn i vo . Vic nh cu hnh hot ng bao gm cp xung clock, ch hot ng, tc chuyn i c th thc hin d dng bng cch nh gi tr cho cc thanh ghi chc nng ca b ADC. II.2.2.2.1 nh cu hnh cho b ADC : Ch hot ng : n chuyn i (Single Conversion Mode : chuyn i khng lin tc). Xung nhp : 7,3728(Mhz)/128 (dng thch anh 7.3728 Mhz). Chu k chuyn i : 13 dn 14 xung nhp . Tn s ly mu :4.43KSps ( trn 4,43 nghn mu/giy). Ngun ADC : 5V AREF (in p tham chiu ) : 5V Ring i vi module pht, ta ng dng mch remote ca b pht chung s c bn trn th trng. II.2.2.2.2 B m ho PT2262 y l b IC tch hp i cp l IC gii m PT2272. C chc nng m ha d liu v a ch dng song song thnh m dng ni tip ph hp vi cc module pht v tuyn v hng ngoi . N c tt c 12 chn a ch 3 trng thi t cung cp s m a ch ln n 531.441 (312). V th n nng cao tnh bo mt v trnh trng hp truyn sai a ch hoc trng a ch.

S khi ca IC PT2262 :

Hot ng ca PT2262 nh sau: PT2262 s m ho cc a ch hay d liu t cc chn A0~A5 v A6/D5~A1/D0 thnh tn hiu c bit v xut ra ng Dout khi chn TE c t mc thp. Tn hiu ny s c cp vo b iu ch ca module pht hng ngoi hay v tuyn pht i xa. Mt khung truyn bao gm cc tn hiu thnh phn nh sau : 8 bit a ch 4 bit d liu Syn.Bit

Dng sng ca cc bit a ch v d liu :

Dng sng ca bit Syn (bit ng b):

: chu k ca xung clock

S nguyn l khi pht tn hiu :

VCC U2 LM35D/TO 3 +VS GND VOUT 2 R1 75 C4 1u C3 0.1u CHANEL 1 VCC R6 100 U1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 PB C1 12 VCC U3 3 LM35D/TO 33p VOUT 2 R5 75 VCC C5 1u J1 2 1 CON2 C7 104 AT90S8535 CHANEL 2 33p C2 7.3728Mhz ZTA 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 XTAL2 XTAL1 PB0/T0 PB1/T1 PB2/AIN0 PB3/AIN1 PB4/SS PB5/MOSI PB6/MISO PB7/SCK RESET

VCC

J2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

VCC

10

PA0/AD0 PA1/AD1 PA2/AD2 PA3/AD3 PA4/AD4 PA5/AD5 PA6/AD6 PA7/AD7 AREF AGND AVCC PC7 PC6 PC5 PC4 PC3 PC2 PC1 PC0

40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 C6 104

CHANEL 1 CHANEL2

PD0(RXD) PD1/TXD PD2/INT0 PD3/INT1 PD4/OC1B PD5/OC1A PD6/ICP PD7/OC2

CON5 /TE D3 D2 D1 D0 5 4 3 2 1 J3

+VS GND

Mach chuyen oi tn hieu nhiet o

D liu 4 bit song song t AVR s c a vo cc chn d liu t D0 n D3 ca PT2262 v chn /TE s c a vo chn TE ca PT2262 cho php PT2262 m ho. Tn hiu t Dout ca PT2262 s a vo ng DATA IN ca module pht RF iu ch v bc x ra ngoi.

VCC

R4 C7 2.2n 1k

R2 100 Q1 A1015 C4 10p C6 18p L1 10uH C5 15p C8 103 E1 ANTENNA

R3 5K6 J2 3 2 1 CON3 VCC DATA IN

Hnh II.2.4 S o nguyen ly module phat

11

GND

II.2.3 Thit k phn h thng thu

II.2.3.1 Nguyn l hot hng : Tn hiu ASK thu c module thu s c gii iu ch cho ra dng xung ni tip. Sau tn hiu ni tip qua b sa khi phc dng xung vung . Khi t c dng sng nh bn pht, tn hiu ny s c a qua b gii m IC PT227 . PT2272 sau khi kim tra ng a ch s thc hin gii m xut ra tn hiu song song 4 bit. Vi iu khin 89C2051 s c vo 2 ln tn hiu 4 bit ghp thnh 1 byte sau thc hin x l v hin th ra LED 7 on. Hot ng ca IC PT2272 IC PT 2272 s trong trng thi ch khi bt ngun, khi c tn hiu t b m ho th s xut hin mt tn hiu ng DIN cho php nhn tn hiu. a ch a vo s c so snh phn a ch c quy nh sn trn cc chn a ch ca PT2272 . Sau khi so snh nu a ch ging nhau th d liu s c lu vo b nh m. Lc ny n vn tip tc so snh cc bit a ch 2 ln na nu ng th chn VT mi c kch thng bo rng d liu l hp l. Cc chn ng ra s c reset trc khi cht 4 bit data ng ra. thay i cc a ch ta ch cn iu chnh cng tc cc chn a ch t A0~A7 .C th thay th PT2262 bng HT12D

VCC 16 A B C D U4 7 13 A 12 1 A B 11 2 B C 10 6 C D D 9 E 15 3 F 14 4 LT G 5 BI LE 4511 VD D L1 VCC 100SW1 VCC U12 20 RST/VPP XTAL1 XTAL2 P3.0/RXD P3.1/TXD P3.2/INTO P3.3/INT1 P3.4/T0 P3.5/T1 P3.7 AT89C2051 R5 R SW2 VC C 1 5 Y1 ZTA 18 11 12 13 14 33p VCC 2 3 6 7 8 9 11 4 P1.0/AIN0 P1.1/AIN1 P1.2 P1.3 P1.4 P1.5 P1.6 P1.7 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 A B C D L4 L3 L2 L1 D C B A 19 U14 R3 10K C1 33p C2 DIN A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 HT12D/SO A5 A6 A7 VT D8 D9 D10 D11 VSS VD D OUT SW3 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 SW DIP-8 16 OSC2 OSC1 10 ROSC 17 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 15 C5 C R2 VCC 16 8 U5 7 13 A 12 1 A B 11 2 B C 10 6 C D D 9 E 15 3 F 14 4 LT G 5 BI LE 4511 VCC VD D L2 VSS 16 8 A B C D VCC J4 1 2 CON2 C8 104 L3 U6 7 13 A 12 1 A B 11 2 B C 10 6 C D D 9 E 15 3 F 14 4 LT 5 BI 4511 G LE VCC VD D VSS 16 A B C D U7 7 1 A 2 B 6 C D 8 13 12 11 10 9 15 14 VD D R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R R17 R R18 R R R R R R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R R24 R R25 R R R R R R26 R27 R28 R29 R30 R R31 R R32 R R R R R a2 b2 c2 d2 e2 f2 g2 VSS R3 R4 R7 R8 R9 R R10 R R11 R R R R R a1 b1 c1 d1 e1 f1 g1

U8 g1 f1 a1 b1

10 9 8 7 6

VCC

VCC

p g c f VCC VCC. a d b e

5 4 3 2 1

c1

d1 e1

led7d1

U9

b2 a2

f2 g2

6 7 8 9 10

e b d a VCC. VCC c f p g

1 2 3 4 5

e2 d2

c2

led7d2

U10 b3 a3 a3 b3 c3 d3 e3 f3 g3 f3 g3

6 7 8 9 10

e b d a VCC. VCC c f p g

1 2 3 4 5

e3 d3

c3

led7d3

U11 b4 a4

II.2.3.2 Thit k phn cng

S nguyn l ca mch :

oi kenh Mach nguyen ly he thong thu

L4

3 4 LT 5 BI LE

4511 8

VSS

A B C D E F G

a4 b4 c4 d4 e4 f4 g4

f4 g4

6 7 8 9 10

e b d a VCC. VCC c f p g

1 2 3 4 5

e4 d4

c4

led7d4

VCC R5 470k R4 220K R2 2M C4 100pF R6 47k

R1 1M VCC R11 4k7 C1 1uF 13 12 11 C10 680pF U1F R9 47k J1 VCC Q1 1915 L1 10uH D2 4148 R8 510 C9 2200pF CON3 C8 2200pF R10 7k5 OUT 1 2 3 10 1uF U1E VCC R3 10k C2 100pF

VCC VCC 14

L2 10uH

C3 9 8 1 U1A U1D 2 CD4069UB

D1

R7 470k

OUT

U1B 4148 7

C6 8pF C5 4p

C7 39pF

S nguyn l module thu v tuyn

Hnh II.2.6 S o nguyen ly module thu RF

: KT LUN
PHN III III.1 THI CNG
thc hin thi cng mch pht v mch thu. Mch chy n nh, mch thu hin th nhit chnh xc. Ngoi ra cn thi cng cc mch h tr cho vic thc hin ti nh : mch np AVR.

III.2 NGHA KHOA HC V NG DNG THC TIN III.2.1 ngha khoa hc

y l mt h Vi iu Khin tuy xut hin kh lu nc ngoi, nhng i vi Vit Nam th vic tm hiu v ng dng h VK vn cn hn ch . Mc d hin nay h vi iu khin 8051 c s dng kh rng ri v rt quen thuc, tuy nhin nu ai tng lm quen vi AVR s thy rng Chip AVR c rt nhiu c tnh mi ni tri hn so vi h 8051 . L do chn Chip AVR c th l AVR AT90S8535 thc hin ti l : Th nht, AVR l h Vi iu khin mi c nhiu tnh nng, kh nng x l nhanh so vi cc h vi iu khin khc . Chip AT908535 (s dng thch anh 8Mhz) c tc nhanh gp 8 ln so vi Chip 89C51 (s dng thch anh 12Mhz), ng thi in nng tiu th thp . Hai l AT90S8535 c tch b ADC 10 bit 8 knh , c kh nng chng nhiu cao v c bit c th lp trnh chn xung nhp cp cho ADC . Vic tch hp b ADC s gim bt ng k thit k chi tit phn cng ng thi d dng kim sot ch hot ng ca ADC thng qua thanh ghi trng thi. Tc ly mu c th lp trnh c v c th t n 200 kSps ( 200 mu mt giy ) iu m cc b ADC ri t t n hoc gi thnh rt mc. ng dng chip AVR AT90S8535 trong vic chuyn i tn hiu tng t sang tn hiu s . Tn hiu tng t y l tn hiu in p c ly t cc b cm bin hay tn hiu m tn vv Sau khi chuyn i cc tn hiu t tng t sang tn hiu s, s tin hnh vic truyn tn hiu s t bn pht sang bn thu thng qua sng v tuyn c ly tng i. Pha bn b thu c nhim v phc hi tn hiu pht v x l hoc truyn v my tnh x l.

I.2.2 ng dng thc tin :

Vic nghin cu h Chip AVR s ch ra mt hng mi trong vic s dng vi iu khin, vi nhng tnh nng mi ngi thit k c th gim thi gian cho vic thit k phn cng v d dng hn trong vic thit k phn mm. V v th ti khng ch dng li trong vic s dng chip AVR m cn gii thiu n sinh vin v mt trong cc h Vi iu khin mnh nht hin nay. ti trn c th c ng dng trong vic bo qun hng ho . Trong cc kho cha hng ho c bit l cc loi hng ho cn nhit n nh trong bo qun, th vic theo di nhit khp phng l cn thit, bi nu c s chnh lch nhit gia cc gc phng th c th dn n h hi hng ho m ngi bo qun khng h hay bit. Thit k mt h thng theo di nhit cc v tr khc nhau trong mt kho hng s gip ngi bo qun c th gim st nhit trong kho mt cch hiu qu cng nh a nhng x l kp thi khi xy ra tnh trng nhit tng hay gim khng p ng tiu chun bo qun. Mt trong nhng ng dng thc t l trong ngnh kh tng thu vn . Thng thng cc trm kh tng thu vn thng t ti vng ni cao, him tr. Mi trm c nhng thit b t ri rc xung quanh v cch xa nhau. Do iu kin a hnh i ni nn gy rt kh khn cho nhn vin trm trong vic thu thp cc thng tin s liu nh nhit , tc gi V th nu xy

dng mt h thng truyn d liu khng dy s gip nhn vin trm khng cn di chuyn cc nhc m vn thu thp d liu mt cch y , thng xuyn v do chnh xc hn. Vi h thng trn gip chng ta c th thu thp d liu nhiu ni khc nhau, thm ch ti nhng ni c hi, nguy him hay nhng ni m vic dng dy dn kh thc hin c. Vi sng v tuyn ta c th d liu i xa vkhc phc hn ch v vt cn.

III.3 KT LUN
ti ch dng mc nghin cu nn ch thc hin vic ly mu tn hiu nhit ca 2 knh. Do dng module thu pht ca b chung ca s do Trung Quc sn xut c tnh n nh khng cao. Nu mun a vo ng dng thc tin th cn thay th mt s linh kin chuyn dng, v d dng b cm bin que o nhit thay cho LM35 o nhit chnh xc hn, hay b thu pht v tuyn chuyn dng truyn d liu..

: TI LIU THAM KHO

PHN IV
1 Datasheet AT90S4434/LS4434/S8535/LS8535 Preliminary (Complete) ca hng
Atmel Corporation. 2 TNG VN ON, L TIN THNG _ TRUYN D LIU S dng vi mch LSI _ i hc Bch Khoa TP. HCM. 3 NG DIN TP_ K thut Vi iu Khin AVR _ Nh Xut Bn Khoa Hc V K Thut. 4 HI V TUYN IN T VIT NAM _ TP CH IN T