Present Active Indicative

What it is:
The way of expressing an action from CLOSE UP and AS THE ACTION IS UNFOLDING, where the subject of the verb ACTS ON THE OBJECT of the verb or EXISTS IN THE STATE expressed by the verb, and which EXPRESSES ASSERTION or PRESENTS CERTAINTY OR REALITY.

What it can do:

1. It can describe an action that usually occurs in the present time (though other time descriptions are possible). 2. It can describe an ongoing action (I am running, he is eating). 3. It can describe an action as a whole rather than a process (I run, he eats)

How it is formed:
conn. pers. stem vowel ending 1 sg 2 sg 3 sg nal form translation I loose You loose He/she/it looses

1 pl 2 pl 3 pl

We loose You loose

() They loose

You will see these personal endings again. For the sake of convenience, we will call them Apattern endings. Memorize the connecting vowels, too: you will see them time and again.

What we can observe:

1. In the rst-person singular form, the connecting vowel is an omicron and there is no personal ending, so the omicron lengthens to an omega. 2. In the second-person singular form, the connecting vowel changes from to . 3. In the third-person plural form, the nu drops out of the personal ending and the connecting vowel lengthens to to compensate for the loss. 4. The translation given in the chart above is only one option; you can also translate it as I am loosing, You are loosing, etc. You can see the more nuanced meanings and translations on the Present Tense, Active Voice, and Indicative Mood What It Is and What It Can Do sheets.