DISTRIBUTED GENERATION

INTRODUCTION:
Non conventional energy sources have disadvantage of low power capacities

Many rural areas are situated far away from power generating stations

TRADITIONAL UTILITY RESPONSE

DISTRIBUTED GENERATION
It is defined as any small scale power generation technology that provides electric power at a site closer to consumers than centralized generation.

It is well suited for use of some nonrenewable energy technology. It eliminates the need to build new transmission and distribution lines or upgrade existing ones

DISTRIBUTED GENERATION UTILITY SYSTEM

DISTRIBUTED GENERATION PLANT

PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS:
Photovoltaic cells directly convert sunlight into electricity through the use of photovoltaic cells. Photovoltaic cell works on principle of photoelectric effect. Photovoltaic panels can be used in small groups on rooftops or as part of a substantial system

PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS

Photovoltaic cells on rooftops

WIND ENERGY:
Wind energy is converted to electrical energy using wind turbine. As wind turbine moves the blades ,the rotation of shaft runs generator that produces electricity. For variable speed, wind turbine with doubly fed induction generator is used. Single small turbines range from 50750KW

FUNCTIONING OF WIND TURBINE

MICROTURBINE
Micro turbines are small gas turbines; self contained sources of electricity and heat. The exothermic reaction between fuel and air evolves high heat energy which is used to run the turbine. Micro turbines are available or development range in 30-500KW.

Basic block diagram of Gas turbine:

Micro turbine

Capstone Micro turbines 30KW

FUEL CELLS
A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that generates electricity by combining hydrogen with oxygen to produce electricity,heat and water.
Typical fuel cells ranges from 2KW-2MW and have electrical efficiencies from 45-65%.

MAIN COMPONENTS OF FUEL CELL SYSTEM

FUEL CELL SYSTEM 5KW

CONCLUSION:
Through DG technologies the consumers cost per unit is decreased as the transmission and distribution costs are decreased.

Effective utilization of DG technologies may overcome the problems of power shortages across rural areas. DG will provide economic and environmental benefits in future with technical advancement.

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