CARBON COMPOUND

ANALYSING ALCOHOL

What is Alcohol ?
Alcohol is a group of organic compound containing the hydroxyl group (-OH)
Alcohol is a non-hydrocarbon contains an additional element which is oxygen. The process to produced alcohol from carbohydrate is called fermentation.

General Formula of Alcohol

CnH2n+1 OH
n = 1, 2, 3, 4
Example: n= 1

C1H2(1)+1OH C1H3OH @ CH3OH (methanol)

Functional Group
Hydroxyl Group (-OH) Example: H H H- C- C- OH H H CH3CH2CH2CH2OH

butanol

ethanol

Name Molecular Formulae of Alcohol

Number of Carbons, C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Roots name/prefix MethEthPropButPentHexHeptOctNon-

For the straight chain of alcohol its name come from an alkanes name by replacing -e with -ol

10

Dec-

Example : Methane becomes Methanol CH3OH

Name Molecular Formulae of Alcohol

Name 1. 2. 3. 4. Methanol ? Ethanol _______ ? Propanol _______ Butanol ? _______ Molecular Formulae CH3OH CH3CH2OH CH3CH2CH2OH CH3CH2CH2CH2OH

For the straight chain of alcohol its name come from an alkanes name which is replaced by -ol ending instead of -a.

Isomerism in Alcohol
Isomer is a molecule which has same molecular formula but different molecular structure. Ethanol & Methanol do not have any isomer

The increasing of number of carbon atom will increase the isomer number in alcohol molecule.
This phenomenon happened because: a) the position of hydroxyl group (-OH) b) the difference of carbon chain structure

Example: Isomer of butanol

Butanol C4H9OH

H H H H H

H- C - C C C OH
H H H H H H H H

2
H-C- C CCH H OH

Butan-1-ol

Butan-2-ol

Isomer of butanol
3 H H H
H - C C C OH

H-C-H H
2-methylpropan-1-ol

Isomer of butanol
4 H OH H
H-CCCH

H-C-H H
2-methylpropan-2-ol

WORKSHEET Answer all the question below:

1. What is the meaning of alcohol? Non-hydrocarbon organic compound containing hydroxyl group (-OH)
2. State the general formula of alcohol.

CnH2n+1OH
3. State the functional group of alcohol. Hydroxyl group (-OH)

WORKSHEET 4. Name the structural of alcohol given below.

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH
Pentan-1-ol 5. Draw the molecular structure of Butan-2-ol

CH3CH2CH2CH3
OH

Thats all for today