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اكتاب انشاءات معدنية
اكتاب انشاءات معدنية
.
.
EUROCODE 3
.
:
: .
.
,
, ,
.
:
.
:
.
:
.
:
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:
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.
2008 / 6 / 15
-1-1
%0.2 -% 0.25
.
,
:
-
-
-
.
.
:
.1 :
.
.2 : ,
.
.3 :
,
.
, ,
.
3
,
.
S
) P (%0.07
Si , Cr
, Mn,Ni Cu Mo Al
.Ca
.
:
( St37 ) S235
( St52 ) S355
.
) ( 1-1
:
) ( 1-1
%
N
S235JR
S235JRG1
0.17
0.009
0.007
0.2
S235JRG2
S235J2G3
S355J2G1
0.045
0.045
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.20
N/mm
26
0.009
0.17
24
340
470
630-490
N/mm
t<16mm
235
2
N/mm
16<t<40
225
2
N/mm
345/355
,
4
.
-1-2
.
:
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
:
M
Q .N
) N (.
.
.
.
:
,
6 9 12 .
mm(. 10 8 6 4 2 1 0.8
) 06
.
-1-3
:
) ( . ) ( .
.
.
,
.
.
.
)
(
) (.
-1-4
:
, , ,
X ) ( .
Z,Y > Iy
. Iz
N
.
MY / MZ Z,Y ).(1-1
Mx .
Vy / Vy ) Z,Y ( Qy, Qz
X = .
Z , X = X ,Z = .
u ,v ,w . X,Y,Z
.
E ,G , ) (.
E.Iy / E.Iz .
fy ) ( .
fu .
) W ,W el ,( W el,Y ;W el,Z .
) W ,W pl ,( W pl,Y ;W pl,Z .
) Mel (Mel,Y ; Mel,Z
.
) Mpl (Mpl,Y ; Mpl,Z
.
= M pl / M el .
NPL .
) VPL (VPL,Y;VPL,Z
.
l .
NKi ) ( .
Sk .
F ) ( .
8
G /Q /FA / / .
M ) ( .
F .
) (1-1 I .
M .
Sd ) (.
Rd ) ( .
K .
W .
b .
-1-5
.
Sd
1
Rd
S d Rd
Rd < Sd
Sd
.
:
) ( .
.
.
.
-1-6
: F M , N , R
,
95%
, ,
:
.
Q
.
FA
.
) ( K
) (
F ) (
. d
1.5
Fd = F . FK
F = 1.35 = 1.0 :
0.9
= 1.1 , 1.0
10
)(2-1
= F
.
:
G
) ( .
G
G
F=1.35
, = 0.9
F = 1.35
Gd = F GK
Qi :
; Qi,d = F . Qi,K
; Qi,d = F Qi,K
F = 1.5
) (2-1 F
) ( .F :
) : (1 1 3 1
) (1.35
).(1.35
) : (2 1 2
. 2 ) ( 1.35
) .(1.5
) : (3 1 3 4
. 3 ) ( 1.0
)(0.9
) 1.0
(.
11
Qi,K W S
) (S/2+w) (S+w/2
.
) : (2-1 ) (,F
1,5
--
-- 0,9
1,35
-- 1,0
--
0
Gd = F . GK
Qid = F . Qik
FA,d =F . F.A.k
FF
F = :
. 1,0
-1-7
: M
fy fu
E . G
) . ( 3-1
)
( Iy , Iz , Ix ,A
. Mk
12
M
) (
M MK Md
. Md = MK / M :
M = 1,1
.
M = 1,2 .
M= 1,0
. ) ( 3-1
.
S235 St37
S275
S355 St52
GS20 /GS
45/GS52
) ( 3-1
t
mm
t < 40 mm
40 < t <80
mm
t < 40 mm
40 < t < 80
mm
t < 40 mm
40 < t < 80
mm
t < 100 mm
fy,k
fu,k
N/mm2
240
215
N/mm2
360
275
255
410
360
355
510
380/450/520
= 210000 N/mm2
6/K
,E
fu.k
fy.k
: , Mpl,k
Vpl.k
: , EI
.GIT
13
: fy,d= fy,k /M
fu,d=fu,k/M :
, Mpl,d = Mpl,k / M
. Vpl.d = Vpl.,k /M
,EId=EIk/
: M
.GIT,d =GIT,k /M : R ,d = f y ,d
:
= s R , d . pl .W pl
V pl , d = (s R , d / 3 ) Asteg
pl , d
1-8 .
) (4-1 .
) ( 4-1
-
-
-
.
-
-1-9 .
.
R,d :
f y,k
M
= R ,d = f y ,d
14
R,d
f y ,k
f y ,d
M. 3
= R ,d
:
N
*A
* : A )
(
Mz , My
:
Mz
M
= zY
Wz
Iz
My
My
Iy
Wy
W y ,W z
My , Mz
:
Mz
y
Iz
My
Iy
N
*
Iz , Iy
y , z y , z
.
I :
My Mz
N
A* W y
Wz
:
1
15
R ,d
.
I
) (b/t
-
pl,z
1,25
pl,y , pl,z : :
:
My
N
M
*
* z
*
p , yW y p , zWz
A
:
*pl,y = 1,14 , *pl,z = 1,25
L
30%
. Vz , Vy
:
V y .S z
I zt
Vz .S y
I y .t
=t
Sy , Sz :
t y , z
t=S
Vz:
I
AGurt > 0,6 : AGurt
ASteg
16
ASteg, ,
:
Vz
AS
= m
A S = ( h t ). S
: AS : : h , : S ,
:t )(2-1
My , Vz I
) (1-2
.
:
V
1
R ,d
2 + 3. 2
= V
:
: .
10%
:
V
1,1
R ,d
N
My :
N My
.Z 0,8 R ,d
+
*A
Iy
N Mz
.Y 0,8 R ,d
+
*A
Iz
17
Mz ,
x y :
0,5
R ,d
0,5
R ,d
)
( :
MX
WT
= M
X
: WT .
.
.I
I
Y , Z ) : ( 3-1
) (1-3 . I
.
W y = 2.Iy / h , ,
steg
=h-t
b.t W z = 2.Iz / b , Z
18
A
h
M pl , y ,d = 2s R ,d . max SY = s R ,d .a pl , yWy
M pl ,Z ,d = 2s R ,d . max S Z = s R ,d .a pl ,ZWZ
; N pl ,d = s R ,d . A
V pl , z ,d = t R ,d .hsteg .s
V pl , y ,d = 2.t R ,d .h.b
Mpl,y,d Mpl,z,d :
pl , yd 1.14
pl , Z , d 1.25
:
M pl ,Z ,d = 2 R ,d . max S Z = R ,d . pl ,Z .WZ
*
M pl ,Y ,d = 2 R ,d . max SY = R ,d . pl ,Y .WY
*
1-10
.
.
R ,d
N
*
* : A
:
=
) R,d f u,k / (1.25* M
ABretto 1,2St 37
>
ANetto 1,1St 52
19
,
1:
=
f y ,k / M
A
.
.
.
.
1-11
.
) ( b / t
b t
.
) ( I
.
20
) (b/t ) (d/t
.
) (5-1 ) (b/t
) (
) (
x -
K
.
) (6-1 ) (d/t
x
- 1
x N (N/mm2)fy,k
. N/mm2
) : (1-5
21
): (6-1
22
,
. .
,
,
.
.
2-1
,
)
( .
I
A
=i
: I .
: A .
33
,
.
T, 1/2 I , I L
.
) (2-1f
.
) (2-1 .
2-2 :
- 2-2-1 :
=E.
1744
:
EI
L2 K
Pcr = N kr = 2
34
: E
: LK
L .
= Lk / i
N cr
E
= 2
A
= Kr = cr
.
.
) (
,
1937
e
:
N Kr
A
Kr) ( 2-2C
.
EKS
,
35
10000
).(2-2d-e
) (2-2 .
P = N
Pcr
.
.
:
p 2E
p
2
llim
36
:
p 2E
=
p
im
.
.
2-2-2
.
,
.
,
,
.
2-2-2-1
37
,
- .
2-2-2-2
,
,
.
(EI)d
:
(EI)d = (EI) / M
.
M
)
( (EI)k
. fy,k
) (M1
10% M1
M1 0,1 M1 .
38
N
0,1
N Ki , d
fy, k
N
N
1,0
( EI ) d
K 0,3.
= .L
:
: Nki,d
Nki
.
: N
.
: = Sk/L . .
.
:
) (.
I Z v .
M 0,4
39
d = 2 mm
, .
2-2-2-3
) ( .
:
Npl,d = A . fy,d
Vpl,z,d = y,d . Av,z
Av,z .
:
Wpl = So + Su
Mpl,d = W pl . fy,d
pl = W pl / W el
: W pl .
: So ,Su
.
: pl .
: W el = I / y .
pl 1,25 :
.
2-2-2-4
40
- -
:
o = 1 / 200 . r1 . r2
5
1
L
L :
L >5 m
1
1
)
r1 = (1 +
2
n
= : r1
.
)(2-3
)(2-4
u
41
. 2-1
1
2
3
4
5
), 2-3
(2-4
) (2-1
Wo,Vo
L /300
A
L / 250
b
L / 200
c
L / 150
d
L / 500
-
o , o .
,
qwo
.
,
2-2-3
.
)(2-5
2 E .I
2
( ..L) i
= N Ki ,i = K onst
42
) ( 4
) (2
) ( 1
) .( 2
) (2-5 .
Li
)( 2 . ki
:
N Ki ,i 2 ( E.I ) i
=
( EI ) i
( Lki ) 2
Ki ,i = li
, = ( .l ) i
Ki ,i i
= LKi
0 ki 2 . i
2
43
) M = 0 ( C = 0
.
.
,
.
2-2-4
2-2-4-1
:
EI
N Ki
p
= p
Ki
= S K = LK
SK
L
= K
i
i
E
la = p
f y ,k
= lK
la = 92,93 St 37
la = 75,9 St 52
= l. N /( EI ) d
M pl , y
M ki , y
= lM
44
N pl
N ki
N ki ,d
N
= ki
lk
la
= lK
) ( Npl ,Mpl,y
. fy,k
Nu
N
u = u
A
y Z
y Z vi .
2-2-4-2
) (
) (2-2 .
) .(a, b ,c ,d
.
Z,Y
) (2-3
) (2-6
: .
45
K 0,2 = 1
K 0,2 =
1
K+
K 2 K2
K = 0,5 1 + a (K 0,2) + K2
K > 3,0 =
K .(K + a )
L
L
Y = KY , Z = KZ
iY .a
iZ .a
: a
0.21
0,34
0,49
0,76
46
) (2-6 .
2-2-4-3
47
.
.
y Z vi
.
:
] 4.C 2 [i p2 + 0.093( 2 / O2 1) Z M2
[C 2 + iM2 ]2
. 1+ 1
.L C 2 + iM2
2.C 2
iZ
= VI
= C2
: ZM
.
: ID=IT .
CM=Iw .
2
: ip i 2Y + i 2Z
=. i
P
: iM . i 2M= i 2P + Z2M
C .
: L=S )
(
: S0=L0
. .
:
.
0
A1 ,A2 ,A3 . I1 ,I2 ,I3 ,
48
Vi
:
a
Z-Z
= Vi
) (2-2 .
) (2-3 .
49
) (2-3 .
2-3-1
- : Nu
L
k= Sk :
Nu = min .A . fy,k
50
:
N
1
(min ).N pl , y
N (min ).N pl , d
: N : : .
z , y
Y , Z K
: Npl,d .
. :
S K , Z / iZ
= K ,Z
S K ,Y / i y
= K ,Y
a
a
.
I
Nki
.
0,2
N ki ,d
) i 1,2
N
> 0,05 max M pl
( = Ki ,i
min M pl
- :
I
.
51
.
:
N
1
Vi .N pl , d
: K :
. Z
k
)(2-4
) (2-4
52
Vi
2-3-2 .
) . ( 2-7
53
) (2-7 .
): (1
Nd = -105 KN L 80x8
mm .LK = LK = 1,8 Cm
:
. min i = i = 1,55 Cm : = A
11,3 Cm2 .St37
:
-
C
a = 0,49
54
185
= 119
1,55
119
=
= 1,285
92,93
= lK
lK
24
= 268,4 KN
1,1
105
=
= 0,99 < 1OK
0,395.286,4
N pl ,d = 12,3
Nd
.N pl ,d
.
- :
:
K = vi
1/ 3
>
b
S
vi = 2,65( ) 3 + 6.( ) 3
t
b
2
b
S
t
: b
: t
: S
1/ 3
= 69,6
8
185
vi = 2,65( )3 + 6.( )3
0,8
8
. Z M = (e 0.5t ) 2
CM = 0
I T = (2b t )t 3 / 3
55
)(2-8
): (2
Nd = -360 KN
1/2 IPE240 St37
2
i = 2,74, A = 21,9 Cm . LKZ = LKY = 1,4 Cm (2-
)9
: - :
)(2-9
140
=
= 15
2,74
15
=
= 0,549
92,93
c
- :
K
K
a = 0,49
vi
56
=1
=1
So
SK=LO=LK
= 0
I2
IT = 8,6Cm4
= 0
CM
0,039 *140 2 * 8.6
= C
= 40,1Cm 2
164
2
:
1,08
= 2.17Cm 2
2
Z M = e = 2,71
} = 55.9 > k
= vi
a = 0,49
55,9
= 0,602
92,9
= lK
24
= 477,8KN
1,1
360
=
= 0,96 < 1;OK
0,784 477,8
N pl ,d = 21,9
57
Nd
.N pl ,d
58
)(My 0 ,N=0
3-1
I U
) .(3-1 (EI)z
) ( )(GIT
:
) (EIw S )(Zp
.
.
) (3-2 .
I
59
) (3-1 .
C
,
. C
) (3-2 .
).(3-3
60
1/5
) (3-3
-3-2
,
.
) X-Z
(
MY VZ
= My = My,d , VZ
VZ,d . Iy
:
Z
My
Iy
> 0 . < 0
ZD
,ZZ
Iy
Iy
=
= WZ,y
, WD,y
ZZ
ZD
:
:
61
My
WD , y
= D
My
WZ , y
= Z
) (3 -4 .
) (3-4 .
.
Max
VZ :
VZ . max SY
I y .s
: Sy . y
: S h
:
VZ
VZ
=
Asteg (h t ) s
= m
%5 % 8
. I
:
)
( VZ .S y
I y . aw
= w
: aw .
.
62
.
Z X X Z
= X ,Z = x,Z
.
:
) H = 0.5( X + Z ( X + Z ) 2 + 4 2
V = X2 + Z2 X . Z + 3 2 :
Z
X V = 2 + 3 2 :
,
.
)(3-5
) (3-5 .
:
63
V = 2 + 2 + 2
3-3
) (3-6
-
MY , VZ I ,A
.
R ,d = f y ,d = f y ,k / M
) R ,d = f y ,d / 3 = f y ,k /( M 3
:
V = 2 + 3 2 R ,d
% 10
:
V = 2 + 3 2 1.1. R ,d
,
= *M Y R ,d : *pl , y = 1.14
pl , y .W y
64
) (3-6 .
3-4
I,U,C
) (3-7 I
.
). (3-7
.
Mki,y
.
M pl , y
M ki , y
= lM
:
.
) (0.3 .
. Z . Y
.
3-5
I
l
:
65
M pl , y , d
C.K C
0.5
i z , g .la
My
= lM
: C .
: la
75.88 ST52
92.93 ST37
: My .
iz,g
Z )(3-8
.
.
.
), I Z , g = 0.5.I Z , Ag = b.t + (hs .S / 5
I Z ,g
Ag
= iZ , g
iz,g ) AS = S ( h t
A , Iz t,b hs ,S
h.
IZ
A 0.6 AS
=i
: KC KC
.
) (3-8 I .
66
: Mpl,y,d
f y ,k
M pl , y ,d = W pl , y .
Wpl,y
1.1 : fy,k ,
.
. l = C.K
:
c
iZ , g .la
:
, .
:
1
0.843 * M y
M * .M pl , y , d
: M :
1
2
K 2 lM
K+
= M
2
K = 0.5 1 + a (lM 0.2) + lM
f y,k
M pl , y , d = W pl , y
lM
.
: C . a = 0.49
: D
:
h
240
44
t
f y ,d
a = 0.76
:
,
C , U , I
67
,
, :
.M y
1
M .M pl , y , d
:M :
;M = 1
)n
1
2n
1 + lM
( = ;M
M pl , y ,d
M Ki , y ,d
MKi,y,d
l M 0.4
l M 0.4
M pl , y
M Ki , y
= lM
) M Ki , y ,d = .N Ki ,Z ,d .( C 2 + 0.25.Z P2 + 0.5Z p
I w + 0.039l 2 .I T
IZ
2 .E.I Z
l 2 . M
= C2
= N Ki ,Z ,d
C2 L=L0
:
C M ( .L) 2 /( 0 .L0 ) 2 + 0.039.I T ( .L) 2
IZ
= C2
N ki,z .
: Zp
. ) . (6 5-
L =SK,z h 60 cm
:Mki,y
) 1,32.b.t.( E.I y
L.h 3
= M Ki , y
: yM=ZM
.
: ID=IT .
CM=Iw .
68
: ip . iP = iY + iZ
: iM
2
. iM = iP + Z M
:C .
:L=S )
( : S0=L0.
. .
:
.
0
.
A1 ,A2 ,A3 I1 ,I2 ,I3 ,
. Z-Z
: (3-
). 9
2
) (3-9
M M=1
60 Cm ) ( b*t
:
b.t
240
200.
h
f y ,k
fy,k
N/mm2
n ). (3-10
69
) (3-10 . Kn
*n
2.5
2
2
1.5
n n = n* . Kn
) (3-11 * n .
IPB 600 St 37
.VK= 550 KN
.
.
M 0 N= 0
70
= 3:
,t
Cm
17100
H = 60 hs =1.5
= A = 270 Cm2 Iy
13530 Cm4
gd = 1.35 * 2.12 = 2.86 KN/m :
KN
)(8-11
=Wy
= Iz
Vd = 1.5*550 = 825
: A
7.0
+825=835 KN
* max V= 2.86
2
1
2
1.3
* M1 = 835*1.3 2.86
= 1083 KN.m
2
V1.1= 835 2.86 * 1.3 = 831 KN
m
2
7.0
* max M = 2.86
+ 825 * 1.3 = 1090 KN.m
8
V = 0
71
109000
= 19.12 KN / Cm 2
5700
19.12
=
= 0.88 < 1
21.8
= max
R ,d
= max m
R ,d
AGurt
(270 88.4) / 2
=
= 1.03 > 0.6
88.4
Asteg
1
.
1.55 * 48.6 2
= 2752 Cm3
8
S y ,G = S y S ( h 2C ) 2 / 8 = 3210
109000 48.6
= 15.49 KN / Cm 2
*
171000
2
831* 2752
= 8.63 KN / Cm 2
= 1
171000 *1.55
= 1
:
13530
= 7.9 Cm
270 0.6 * 88.4
C = 440
= i z ,G
72
max f =
VK .a
(3 * L2 4 * a 2 ) =
24 * E I y
550 *130
= (3 * 700 2 4 *130 2 ) = 1.16 Cm
24 * 21*10 3 *171000
L
max f = 1.16 Cm =
603
max f =
73
)(My 0 ,N0
-1-4 :
.
.
I,U,T
.
-2-4
.
.
:
N
0,1
.N pl ,d
,
.
75
-3-4 )
(
) e=(M/N
,
.
:
f y,k
M
N
M II
+
= R ,d
A
W
2.A G
h2
A
=
,A
G.
2
)(4-1 .
=
=
W
: MII
MI :
76
1 (N / N
)
ki,d
N
N ki,d
(N.0 + M qI ).
=M II
:M1q
:
q . 2
8
= M Iq
fy,k / M
:
1
N
N ki,d
.
1
N. 0 +
N
+
N pl,d
M pl,d
M Iq
MqI =0 N Npl,d Npl,d,R = . :
Npl,d 0 :
(1 )(1 .l K2 ) M pl ,d
= 0
.
N pl ,d
:
:
N ki ,d = N pl ,d / l2K
N
.M
+ m
+ n 1
min N pl , d M pl , d
.
-1-3-4
M,N
77
:
.M
N
+ m
+ n 1
.N pl ,d
M pl ,d
: lk
.
: m ) ( 6-7 m 1
) (
.
max M = M .
n :
N
N
2
.(1
). y .lK2 , y 0.1
y .N pl , d
y .N pl , d
= n
. 0.1
pl 1,25
. Mpl,d=fy,d . W pl :
M=0 .
%10 )(1.1Mpl,d ) Mpl,d
( )
.(N/Npl,d<0.2
:
Asteg 0,18A
:
MI
78
:
1
2
K2 lK
K+
y .N pl ,d
K K
:
M / M pl ,d
N / N pl ,d
K = K + 0,5
N Ki ,d
) 1,2
N
0,05. max M pl
( = Ki ,i
. min M pl
Nki
.
:
1
M / M pl ,d
1 1,15 / Ki
ki > 1,15
-4-4
M,N
) (
79
)(
[
. T
. Mki
lk
.
:
) M Ki , y = .N Ki , z ( C 2 + 0,25 z 2p + 0,5Z p
:
)(4-2
N ki,z :
2 EI z
L2k , z
= N Ki , z
: C :
) ( I + 0,039 2 .I T
Iz
= C2
: Zp
). (4-2
80
) (4-2 .
L =SK,z
h60cm
Mki,y
) 1,32.b.t.( E.I y
L.h 3
= M Ki , y
Mki,y
) .(4-5
Mki,y
.
81
) (4-3 M ,m .
:
My
N
+
.K y 1
Z .N pl,d M .M pl,y,d
: Z :
N
,Z
=
l
pl
N Ki
82
K ,Z
E.I
N Ki
L K = SK =
Nki,z
.
: M,y
) : Ky .(4-3 :
N .a y
) ( z .N pl , d
K y 1,0; K y = 1
)a y 0,9; a y = 0,15.(lK , Z . M , y 1
:M
lM :
M 0,4, M = 1
)1 / n
1
2n
M
( = M > 0,4, M
1+
:n
). (4-4
-5-4
T M,N
*n = Kn . n
T
lvi M 0
]) 4.C 2 [i p2 + a (rx a
) .L C 2 + iM2 + a (rx 2 yM
.
1
1
+
2.C 2
[C 2 + iM2 + a (rx 2. yM )]2
iZ
M/N
= Vi
= a lvi vi
N
1
vi .N pl,d
83
) (4-4 n .M
84
) (4-5 Mki,y .
): (1
IPB 400
ST37 Vd = 65 KN , Nd= 520 KN
85
)( 4-6
( .
( .
)( 4-6
:
.
iZ = 7,4 Cm , iy = 17,1 Cm , A = 198 Cm2
:
:
LK = 2 . h =2 .
690 =1380 Cm
1380
= 80,7
17,1
80,7
=
= 0,869
92,9
= ) K( y
K
:
h 400
=
= 1,33 > 1,2
b 300
t < 40 mm
= 0,21
II . n
86
24
= 4320KN
1,1
520
520
(1
).0,754 2.0,869 2 = 0,058
= n
0,754 * 4320
0,754 * 4320
N pl ,d = 198
Mpl,d :
M pl , y = 705KN / m
fy
m=1
M pl , y = 2.S y .
.M
N
+ m
+ n 1
.N pl ,d M pl ,d
520
1,0 * 448,5
+
+ 0,058 = 0,858 < 1
0,754* 4320
705
- :
lM Mki,y
.
:
M ki , y = Vki . = 5,5 EI z GI T
= EI z .GI T = (21*10 3 *10820 * 8,1*10 3 * 356).10 8
= 655,2.10 4 KN 2 .m 4
5,5
655,2.10 4 = 2040KN .m
6,9
= M ki , y
1,1* 705
= 0,617
2040
= M
n
:
= 2,5
1
)1 / 2,5 = 0,966
2*2 , 5
1 + 0,617
( = M
87
= 0,7 SK = 0,7* 690 = 483 :
Cm b a = 0,34
483
= 65,3
7,4
65,3
=
= 0,703
92,93
= lK ,Z
lK ,Z
= 0
Ky ay : K
M = 0
520*0,04
= 0,994
0,781* 4320
520
448,5
+
.0,994 = 0,81 < 1
0,781* 4320 0,966 * 7705
K y = 1
88
)(N 0,My 0,Mz 0
-1-5
,
.
-2-5
.II
:
.
) ( .
.
-3-5
) (N ,M y , M z
:
89
.
.
-4-5
.
:
:
My
N
MZ
KY +
+
KZ 1
M PL ,Z ,d
N PL ,D M pl , y ,d
) = min (y , z
y ,z .
Mpl,Z,d
. PL,Z1,25
: PL ) PL ( PL = Mpl,d / Mel,d
.
MZ ,MY Z,Y
) (.
KY,KZ :
N .a z
1,5
Z .N PL ,d
1,5
az ,ay
N .a y
Y .N PL ,d
KZ = 1
KY = 1
aY = Y (2 * MY 4 ) + ( PL ,Y 1) 0,8
a Z = Z (2 * MZ 4 ) + ( PL ,Z 1) 0,8
90
PL,y1,25 , PL,Z1,25 1.5
.
:
:
M
.M
N
+ mY Y KY + m , Z Z K Z + n 1
N PL , d M PL ,Y , d
M PL , Z , d
) = min (y , z
y ,z .
: Mpl,Z,d .
: PL ) ( PL = Mpl,d / Mel,d
.
: MZ,MY Z,Y
) (.
: my , mz .
: KY,KZ,CY,CZ .
: n . . y
N
N
2
= n
(1
) 2 .k 0,1
Kz =cz
N PL , D
Ky = 1
N PL , D
> y
z
= y
Kz =1
Ky = 1
Kz =1
Ky = cy
z
< y
z
N
2
. k , y
N pl ,d
1
=
=
N
2
cY
1
. k , Z
N pl ,d
1
-5-5 ) (
91
cZ
:
N
MY
MZ
+
KY +
KZ 1
Z .N PL , d M .M PL ,Y , d
M PL , Z , d
KY,KZ :
N .aY
KY = 1
1
Z N PL , D
:
a Y = 0,15 * (K , Z . M ,Y 1) 0,9
:
N .az
1,5
KZ = 1
Z .N PL , d
:
4 ) + ( PL , Z 1) 0,8
M .Z ,
(2.
K ,Z
aZ =
: M Y
:
M 0,4, M = 1
)1 / n
1
2n
M
( = M > 0,4, M
1+
-6-5
N = 0
N PL , y ,d
:
:
:
:
92
MZ
M * PL,Z ,d
My
M pl , y ,d
) (5-1
Z,Y . N
N PL , y ,d
: )
(
MY
MZ
+
1
M .M PL ,Y , D M PL , Z , D
) (5-1 Z,Y
N
N PL , y ,d
:1
= Wl
1.35 KN/m .
N = - 680 KN
MF = 29.9 KNm = MF,y
MSt = - 25.9 KNm = MSt,y
93
= 1.25
24 2
)10 = 54.5 KNm
1.1
M = (1.25 * 200
:
= y = 0.82 > z = 0.51
K = Ky = 0.82
; Kz = 1
Ky = Cy ,
= m, z
680
680
(1
)0.512 * 1.06 2 = 0.05
0.51 * 1704
0.51 * 1704
= n
:
680
1.032 * 28.9
1.039 *1.55
+
* 0.66 +
1.0 + 0.05 = 1.003 1.0
0.51*1704
140
54.5
1.039 * 2.67
680
1.032 * 25.9
* 0.66 +
1.0 + 0.05 = 1.009 1.0
+
140
54.5
0.51*1704
Kz M,z :
94
MQ
M
KZ = 1
K Z = 1.5
1.5
= 65.4 KNm
1.25
* M pl , z = 54.5
: :
680
28.9
1.55
+
* 0.94 +
* 1.5 = 1.0 1
0.51 * 1704 1.0 * 140
65.4
680
25.9
2.67
+
* 0.94 +
* 1.5 = 1.0 1
0.51 * 1704 1.0 * 140
65.4
95
-1-6 :
. )
(
) ( .
.
-2-6 .
) (
)6-1
(
hy
.
)( 6-1
6-
) ( 2a
) (6-2b
97
) (6-1a
Y
Z
) ( 6-2
z y .
)( 6-2
) (
)6-
(3a
. ) (6-3b
) ( 6-3c
.
98
)) ( 6-3 ( .
.
1
.N
N Ki ,G Ki ,G
N Ki , S
= , N Ki
1+
1
1
1
=
+
N ki N ki ,G N Ki , S
: NKi,G )
( .
NKi,S )
(
II
99
1
N
N Ki , a
= a
1
-3-6
= i y ,G
2.I y ,G
2 AG
= iy
My
.
.
-4-6
.
:
: Iz
Z
) Iz = ( AG .YS2 + I z .G
* : Iz
) ( .
) I z* = ( AG .YS2 + I z .G
100
:
).( 6-4
* : Iz
.
) I z* = ( AG .YS2
* : Wx
.
*I Z
yS
= *WZ
:Lx,z=Sx,z
.
iz = I Z / A
) ( .
: A = AG .
: k,z = Sk,z / iz
) ( 6-4 .
: AG , Iz
.
.
:
101
N Vo
N
1
N Ki , Z , d
1
1
=
1
1
l2
1
* +
* +
2
*
N
S
( EI Z ) d S Z ,d
Ki , z , d
Z ,d
Mz
L
= MZ
= N Ki , Z , d
max V y = .
: SZ,d: .
: m .
X
)
L
X
) V y ( z ) = max V y .Cos ( .
L
M Z ( x) = M Z .Sin( .
Sk,1 2,1
1
. i1
) (6-5
102
-5-6 ) , (
-1
:
N Mz
. AG
+
*r W z
= NG
: r .
:
) k ,1 = S k ,1 /(i1.a
i1
.
.
)( 6-6
-2
) Vy(z
:
N D = max V y / Sina
: a ) (
.
:
) ( Sk,D = 0.9 LD
103
) (
= Sk,D
1.0 LD
-6-6
) Vy(z ) ( 6-6
:
)N M z ( X = 0
+
. AG
r
*WZ
= NG
max V y a
.
r
2
max V y
= MG
= VG
) ( 6-6 )Vy(z
104
-1-7
) (
t ),(a , b
.
) w(x,y
.
) .(7-1
:
) (
.
,
.
107
) ( 7-1 -
) (
.
-2-7 .
.
-1-2-7
t ) = ( X
X
X
) ( . XPI
108
) (
. ). ( 7-2
) (1 ) ( dx
nX = t. XPi
. :
dx w" .dx
.
qzl X,Y
:
q z ( x, y ) = XPi .t.w" .dx
w"<0 qZ
) qZ (X,Y
:
W""+2W"**+W****=-qZ/k
)W(X,Y
:
W "** = 4 w / x 2 .y 2
=W
W "" = w / x
) ( 7-2 - .
4 w / y 4
= **** W
109
E.t 3
=K
) 12(1 2
: .
:
X = 0 , a: W=W''= 0 X
Y = 0 , b: W=W''= 0 Y
:
m.x
n.y
.sin
a
b
w(x, y) = A mn .sin
m,n :
y ) = a (
X
:
m .x
n . y m 2
n 4 2
2
. sin
(
)
2
.
n
+
+
a
b
m 2
m .x
n . y
t b
. sin
XPi .( ) 2
a
b
K
.
2
m
.n 2
(
)
(
)
+
XPI
Amn . sin
Amn . sin
2 .E.t 2
12.(1 2 ).b 2
= XPI
m , n
e
:
XPI = Kx . e
] [KN / cm
2
t
100.t 2
2 .E.t 2
(( ) 2 = 1.898.
)
b
12.(1 2 ).b 2 b
110
= e
)2
( = K x
K x n=1,2,3,4
)( 7-3 XPI
X
=1.41
1.41< < 2.45
K x K x = 4 :
K x = ( + 1 / ) 2
K x = 4
<1
1
= E. ).( 7-3
) ( 7-3
K x
.
XPI
111
K K ). ( 7-1
)( 7-1 K K . XPI
2-2-7
.
112
.
Nki
NU Nki
.
b
N Ki = X ( y ).dx
0
) (7-4a
.
) . (7-4b
.
) ( 7-4 .
3-2-7 .
:
) (
.
.
.
.
113
.
7.3 .
7.3.1
P ) ( ,fy,k
P
a
.
7.3.2
.
) ( aG , bG )( 7-5
) ) ( ai , bG (
) ( ai , bik
.
) ( 7-5 .
)
( )( 7-5
114
.
. bG
bik
).( 7-6
) ( 7-6 .
). (7-7 X
1 2 :
< 1
2
1
2 = 1
. X
max
max .
115
) ( 7-7 .
7.3.3 .
) (
1
).(7-8
) ( 7-8
:
)
(.
) ( .
116
.
.
. ) ( 7-2
:
E
f y,k
) [ KN / cm 2
t
b
, ,
1
2
a =
Pi = K . e
P
a
e = 1.898(100 ) 2
=
, yPi = Ky . e
= P
Pi 3
a
b
xPi = Kx . e
P =
Pi
P =
XPI PI
.
:
X , P , R ,d = X . f y , K / M
Y , P , R ,d = Y . f y , K / M
) P ,R ,d = . f y ,K /( 3. M
1
P , R ,d
Y , P , R ,d
117
X , P , R ,d
) 1
0.22
2
( = c
P
c = 1.25 0.12 1.25
0.84
) 1
0.22
2
( = c
0.7
0.84
f y,K
= P
Pi
1
Pi 3
p + 0.51
f y,K
P
c = 1.25 0.25 1.25
1
f y,K
= P
Pi
1
p 1.38
p > 1.38
1.16
p
2
f y,K
= P
Pi
f y,K
= P
u
Pi 3
Pi 3
0.84
f y,K
= P
f y,K
Pi 3
= P
= P
1
2
3
4
5
6
fy,k
.
.
Nu
' Nu Nu' < Nu
) (7-9
.
118
) ( 7-9 .
K
:
X , P , R , d = K . X . f y , K / M
X Y
:
1
P , R ,d
Y , P , R ,d
1 ,
X , P , R ,d
X Y
X . Y
e3
(+
( X )e1 + ( Y )e 2 V
) 1
X , P, R,d
Y , P, R,d
X , P , R , d . Y , P , R , d
P, R,d
e3 = 1 + X Y 2
e2 = 1 + Y4
e1 = 1 + X4
= 1 e3 V
X Y :
:
V = ( X . Y ) 6
119
) V = sin g ( X . Y
)(V = 1
. = 1
-7-3-4 .
<<1
X Y
) ( 7-10 .
)( 7-10
Q
Q=0 .
Q=1 Q>0
. pk Q :
Pi / KI
>0
1
24
=Q
= p + 0.5
KI .
Pi / KI
X Pi / KI = K . 2 1 :
Y a b :
120
PK = (1 Q 2 ). P + Q 2 . K
: P
: K b
:
K 0,2 = 1
1
K 2 K2
K+
= K 0,2
K = 0,5 1 + a (K 0,2) + K2
Q<0 :
1
P , R ,d
Y , P , R ,d
1 ,
X , P , R ,d
:
)e3 1
P, R,d
(+
X . Y
X , P , R , d . Y , P , R , d
e3 = 1 + X Y 2
)e 2 V
e2 = 1 + Y4
Y , P, R,d
(+
)e1
X
X , P, R,d
e1 = 1 + X4
-7-4 .
.
)
(
) . ( 7-11
121
.
) ( .
)( 7-11
-7-4-1
:
.
.
) (
. )(7-12
)( 7-12
)( 7-13
122
)( 7-13
. :
Z ,Ed 2 X ,Ed 2 X ,Ed Z , Ed
() +
()
()
) + 3( X ,Z , Ed ) 2 1
f y ,d
f y ,d
f y ,d
f y ,d
f y ,d
:
1
I rd 3
)
tw
( * , leff = 3.25
FZ ,d
t w .leff
= Z , Ed
)( 7-14
: fy,d .
: tw .
: Leff .
:Irf Irf=Ir + If,eff.
: Ir ,
: If,eff < beff = bfr + dr
b
123
: b : dr,
). ( 7-15
: bfr .
)( 7-15
Fcr
)( 7-16
hw 2
)
a
(K F = 6 + 2.
t 3w
hw
hw = b : t = tw , .
)( 7-16
124
1-8
.
.
.
.
.
) (8.1
.
127
)(8.1
2-8
.
)
(.
128
.
:
.
.
-1-2-8
.
.
,
.
-2-2-8 :
129
.
.
-3-2-8 :
.
-4-2-8 :
.
.
.
). (8-2
130
)(8.2
-5-2-8
.
-5-2-8 :
.
131
.
-3-8 :
.
). (8.3
) ( g
P S
) ( W
)(8.3
) ( ...., Rp , Rg , Rp , Rm , Rs , RB
.
.
.
132
.
.
.
). (8.4
)(8.4
.
.
.
) (8.5
) (- ) (+ .
)(8.5
) (
133
.
.
Ix >> Iy
.
.
.
-1-3-8 ) (:
.
) (8.6
.
)(8.6
.
)(80 KN
)(125KN
134
) (8.7
.
.
)(8.7
135
).(8.8
)(8.8
.
125KN
L > 9 m
80 KN 9 m L
.
136
)(8.9
RB
). (8.9
120
.
96
.
) (8.10
144
.
)(8.10
) (8.11
6
I
10 .
137
)(8.11
-2-3-8 :
:
a b c
.
) (8.12
.
)(8.12
a ,
,
b ,
,
.
c ,
,
138
) (30 .
.
.
-3-3-8 .
18m
.
) (
,
.
).(8.13
139
-4-3-8
. ) (8.14
) (a,b,c
.
)(8.14,c,d,e,l
d
-4-8 :
)(8-14
140
-1-4-8 :
.
. ) (8.15
.
.
141
)(8.15
. :
BDD
,
.
.
.
142
10
18
30
2,5
% .%10
-2-4-8 :
.
.
.
:
) (8.16 :
143
)(8.16
0,05KN/m
%10
40mm: 50mm
... IE, I, IPE, IE,I
0,8mm 1mm 1,2mm
1,5 3 .
M8
16m
300mm
350mm
.
:
0,7
1,2mm )(8.17
:
200mm
144
.18 m
1,25 mm, 0,8 mm
. %10
40 mm : mm
.
. [E , [ , IPE , IE , I
3 .
)(8.17
50
M6
400 mm
.
). (8.18
)(8.18
2,0KN/m2
2
1,7KN/m 80mm
% 2,5 . % 10
30mm
100mm
145
I 160 IE 140
1 1,5 3
IPE 140
100mm
5-80FL50
:
6m
12
). (8.19
)(8.19
1,5KN/m2
2
12m
2KN/m
% 5 % 10 % 30
50mm
100m
.
:
) (8.20
.
6m
)(8-20
2,5m
0,2KN/m2
% 10
146
)(8.20
1150mm
I, I P E ,I E , I
200
:
) (pur
.
.
pur - ).(8-21
)(8-21
pur )(8-22
)(8-22
-8-5-1 :
.
)(8-23
-8-5-2 :
:
> 600mm
.100mm
:
) (8-24 .
148
)(8-24
:
).(8-25
)(8-25
- :
) (pur
.
-8-6 :
-8-6-1 : )(
.
.
q
q x = q sin , q y = q cos
).(8-26
149
)(8-26
q y
) (x-x q x ) (y-y
) . (Z Z
.
. ).(8-27
)(8-27
150
[ I,IE, IPE,
. Z
).(8-28
)(8-28
1.25mm 2mm
12m R
).(8-29
[
q
q x
W
q x
) (8-30
.
151
)(8-30
-8-6-2 :
:
q . q = ( q pf + q D + s.cos ) b
W : q pf : .
0.09KN / m2 . 0.15KN / m2 0.06KN / m2 . 0.12KN / m2 g D )(. S .
. ).(8-31
152
)(8-31
) (
b b1 + b2
2
qy
=
q y q cos .B
B = 1.25 .
B = 1.1 )
(.
B = 1.14 )
(.
B = 1.13 )
(.
-8-6-3 :
:
. . . -1 :
.
q y L2
q x L2
=
= MX
mY
8
8
153
Y
.
5q y L2
5.M x .L2
voh 12
=
=
= f
f 0.99206.102
384.EI x
48EI x
h
l2
1
f voh
voh
: l .
: h .cm
f
N / mm 2
L
200
-2 .
) (I,IPE,IPN
).(8-32
)(8-32
ql2
= ME
11
154
:
ql2
= MI
= MS
16
:
%80
0,5.Q
W* =WT 1.1
wt
h.s.zul
Q : Q = ql q .
2
zul h S
.
:
ql4I
.K.101
Ix
=f
q x L1 KN/m I x m
Cm f Cm K
.K=1
.
.
).(8-33
155
)(8-33
.
.
m
) ( m 2 )(8-34
156
)(8-34
:
ql2
= MI
= MS
16
:
ql2
11
=
M E 0.0957.ql2
lE = 0.853L [.
[ [
).(8-35
157
)(8-35
.
-8-6-4 :
[ mD )(8-36
h
2
mo = q y a + q x .
)(8-36
158
.
:
Mx
Zul
Wx
My
Ws
.
my
) .( 8. 39
) ( 8. 39
) ( 8. 40
159
) ( 8. 40
) ( 8. 41
) ( 8. 41
) ( 8. 42
) ( 8. 42
-5-8 :
160
.
.
5 .
-1-5-8 :
:
gb = 0.1 KN / m2 0.22 KN / m2
0.02 KN / m2 gr = 0.01
.
) ( 8. 43
161
) ( 8.43
) ( 8. 44 a = 100 - 200 mm L = e1 -
. 2a
L
15
L
10
) ( 8.44
L
10
L
7
) ( 8.45 .
30
.
162
) ( 8.45
)(8 .46
) ( 8. 46
.
) (8.47
.
163
)(8.47
L1
) 1 = L1 50 (i1 = i
i1
). (8.48
)(8-48
164
)(8.49
)(8-49
U V
:
:
V = S0S1s
EA
: S0
: S1 P = 1
: S : E
: A
.
-3-5-8 :
165
.
.
,
L
a q
KN/m2
b a ,L b
:
b = 0.28( L + 1)a 0.18 .q 0.28
) (8.50 , b = 4.2 m
. IPE 140
5
.
)(8.50
166
.
%30
.
) (8.51 .
.
)(851
-3-5-8 :
167
.
W ) (8.50
). (8.51
)(8.52
). (8.52
Ni
) M (X ) Q ( X
x
M ( x ) = Ni . V ( x ) = Ni Vm sin L
x
L Q ( x ) = M(X) = Ni Vm cos L
168
Ni .
L
max Vm = 1000
1
1000
Ni
l
2
=
=M
b
L ni
b 1000
max M
= S
Ni
300
max Q = N i .Vm .
L ni .
= S
b 900
169
:
1
.
2
:
.
) (.
.
:
,
, .
.
) (
)(
) ( 9-1
173
) ( 9-1
:
)(9-1
:
) (9-1
174
.
-2-1-9
,
.
). (9-2
-2-9 :
-1-2-9 :
:
)
( .
-1-1-2-9 :
G
.
175
)(9-2
.
2-1-2-9 :
.
-3-1-2-9 :
1 : Rg
). (9-3
176
)(9-3
: Rp
) max (Rp+Rg
Rp ) (9-4 )
Rp ) Rp+
(Rg ( Rg ). (9-4
)(9-4
3 : Rm
177
Rm = .RP :
= (0.05 + 0.125VH )
= 0.05
VH / m/min
:
.
= 15
.
.
= 13
.
.
= 10 .
-4 : Rf
:
Rp
f = 0.03 + a .Vf
Rg
Rf = f . Rg
: Vf /
: a
a = 0.001
0.0002
f > f Rp
Rg :
Rf = f . Rp
178
:Rb , Rz
Rb Rz
Rz h
)
(e*0.6 e
h < 0.6 e
. Rb
:
)Rb = (Rg+Rp
= 0.02 ) (
= 0.12
=0.007
)(9.5
)(9-5
- 6 : Rs
Rs
179
.
) (L/e
. Rs/R
) (9-6 Vf e
: : L .
.
)(9-6
: R
) (Rp, Rg ) (L/e
Rs
) (L/e 8 < L/e
8 ). (9-7
)(9-7
Rs
)9-
. (7
Rs
180
Rs
Rs = R/20
-7 :
.
-8 :
1.5KN/m2
0.3KN
4-1-2-9 ) (:
.
mo.V 2
2
=E
V = 0.85 Vf
Vf /
.
mo ) KN
)(
(
Pu = 74.E 0.54
181
Pu = 50.E 0.6 .
-5-1-2-9 :
.
.
.
Rs , Rb
) (Rb ,Rs
.
)) (( W
Rs
)S ( RS
2
) S( W
S (W + R S ) = S (R S ) +
2
S
S (W + R S ) = S ( W ) +
.
2-2-9 :
Rs W
182
.
:
:
.
Rg , RP , Rm , R f
.
R1 Z
b
2
=Z
R 2 .a
R1 + R 2
=b
)(9-8
Rg , RP , Rm , R f
.
R1
. Z = a a > 0.586 L
4
R1
183
)(9-8
:
R
R
2
)( 9-8b
) R1 ( + b) + R 2 . b R 4 c R 5 (c + d
5
Ri
i =1
184
max M = R i i
i=1
-3-2-9
:
.
.
St 60 ,
St 70 H52-3 ) (9-9a
) (9-9b
%25
. ). (9-9
) ( 3 -7
Vf > 63
/.
Rg + RP > 275 kN
.
185
)(9-9 a+b
))((
2mm
.
:
)(
.
186
:
.
.
: ) 9-
( 10
). (9-9 a
)(9-10
.
:
Rv
Lv .b
= y
: y
.
: RV .
187
: b h
.
: Lv )Lv= ( 50+2h
.
.
.
.
:
I
6
6
.
12
6
.
I )
(
.
.
) . ( 9-11
188
)(9-11
)9-
(11 .
e = 240 N/ mm 2 ; St 37
e = 36oN / mm 2 ; St 52
.
St52
St37 St52
)(1-12
St37
). (1-13
189
)(1-12
)(1-13
I :
R
t2
r = 1.6
: R Rg , R P , R m
: t
)(L L/10, L/12
.
-3-9 ) ( :
:
190
1
R,d
f y,k
M
= R ,d = f y ,d
R,d
f y ,k
M. 3
f y ,d
3
= R ,d
V
1 :
R,d
) V = 2x + 2y + 2z x . y x . z y . z + 3( 2x ,y + 2x ,z + 2y ,z
%25
, y , Z , y , z
.
-4-9
Rp, Rg
1/400
.
Rs 1/800 .
-5-9
Rs
191
.
) 12/1 , 14/1
( .
Rs
)(9-14
)(9-14
R .C :
M
=
S
yG
)(9-15
192
)(9-15
)(9-16
.
-6-9 :
:
) (
.
193
)(9-16
) (
.
.
194
.
) (9-17
)(9-17
-6-9 .
.
Zul
, Zul
Zul
Be,,Zul
:
195
1,1
Zul
z y
Zul B Zul B
y
+
Zul
Be,y
Zul Be,z
:
:
.
:
/1/
9
.
:
.
:
.
10%
:
.
196
min
max
x0
= x
min
max
= x0
+1 1
x = - 1
x = 0
.
:
.
.
) (
.
:
x= +1
Zul Be = .Zul D , X
V
(18 ) (B7-B0
0 9 ) ( B7 - B0
) (9-19 N
)9-
197
K
.
)(9-18
)(9-19
, Zul
min
max
= x
min
max ,
= x
. ) (9-20
.
198
199
10.1 :
.
.
)(
) ( 10.1
201
)(10.1
.
0.1 %0.4
.
24
) ( 10.2
202
)(10.2
:
1 "
" .
2 :
70 - 60
.
3 .
)(10.3
203
10.2 :
)(10.3
.
.
.
) (1.2
.
.
) ( 10.4
.
204
)(10.4
.
.
% 30 . )(10.5
.
1/5
5KN
205
)(10.5
)
(
:
20 KNZ 650/850 mm
40 KNZ 1000/1200 mm
206
.
) %0(
. 100 mm
%10
. 300 mm
%20
500 mm
10.3 :
1900mm
. 200 m ) (10.6
.
.
.
207
)(10.6
.
2000 mm 500 mm - 400
- 815 - 1645
.
"" 60
.
208
" ) (10.7
.
)(10.7
10.4 :
40-1
. )(10.8
209
)(10.8
.
1.5 6
1 :
W. Zul t
q
Li = 2.9
2 :
Et . I . f Zul
q
Li = 4.4
3 :
I
A
Li = 250
Le = 0.8 Li
210
: Li
: Le mm
: W mm3
: t Zul
N/mm2
: q
: Et
mm
N/mm2
:I
:A mm2
: f Zul mm da/60 :
mm4
10 mm f Zul 2mm
da/60
da
120
2mm. f Zul
: da .
.
). (10.9
5-6
) ( 10-9 .
211
)(10-9
a
.
b
.
"
"
) (10-10
212
)(9-10
)(10-11
)(10-11
) (10.12
.
213
)(10-12
214