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ALMOHANNAD







6

x0 

'2

  f *
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:
g ( x0 ) = l

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. &   (7


lim f ( x ) = l

x0 

*

x0

f ( x ) l g ( x ) 

lim g ( x ) = 0

x0

lim g ( x ) = +

x0  f ( x ) g ( x ) 

*

x0

lim f ( x ) = +
x0

lim f ( x ) =

lim g ( x ) =
x0

lim f ( x ) = l


 (c

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=


+

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a
=
=0

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1
2

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lim
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lim

! (3

lim ( f ( x ) + g ( x ) ) = +

(&  )  *! (3


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a

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x0

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+ + a = +
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p
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#
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.
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; x 0

; x 0

a 3 + b3
a ab + b 2
2

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( x

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0) : 3 x 3 = x

(* (2

a 3 b3
a + ab + b 2

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a 4 b4
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1 qn
1 q

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1 q

.   (IV


lim q n (1

0 ; 1q 1
1 ; q =1

n
lim q =
+ ; q 1

 q
. 1

.   !" (2

.  ?#  &4 U n l Vn  (V n )  (U n )  (a

lim Vn = 0 lim U n = l
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limV n = limU n =  limU n = + limV n = +
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lim Vn = lim Wn = l lim U n = l
.

5 5 %     (U n )     (3


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 5 

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.  &' (
)
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( o, e1 , e2 ) 56  5 
* # P 2# " 34

: (1
M  
# z = a + ib  P  M ( x, y )  (a

. aff ( M ) 



u 7! 
# z = a + ib  v  u ( x, y )  (b

aff ( u ) = z 

z  
# M ( x, y )    z = a + ib  (c
. M ( z )  P %,

z  
# u ( x, y ) 7!   z = a + ib  (d

. u ( z )  v2 %,


aff ( e2 ) = i . aff ( e1 ) = 1 . aff ( o ) = 0 (a :#$%

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ab 
- z  /

z = z z = z

z1 z2 ....zn = z1 z2 ....zn
n

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(c

1 1
=
z z

z = x + iy  

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(f

 z = a + ib   : (1
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z = zz = a 2 + b 2

:%

:" (2
z = a +, z = a   )*

(a

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= zz = a 2 + b 2

(b

z +z z + z  z =0 z =0

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z = z = z 
(b

{( A, )( B, )} .! G  

zn = z
(c

1
( aff ( A) + aff ( B ) )
+

 

z z = 2iy = 2i Im ( z )

(a

MM = aff ( M ) aff ( M )


 
aff (u ) = aff (v ) u = v
 


aff (u + v ) = aff (u ) + aff (v )


aff (u ) = aff (u )


u = aff (u )

a b  . 

aff ( M ) = aff ( M ) M = M

aff MM = aff ( M ) aff ( M )

1
( aff ( A) + aff ( B ) ) AB -
2
zc , z B , z A %
 78  9: C  B 

(c

z1 + z2 + .... + zn = z1 + z2 + .... + zn

     (III

." (2

aff ( I ) =

(a

z z = z + z

z + z = 2x = 2R ( z )

z i M ( z ) ( yo ]

aff ( G ) =

(d

z = z z
z = z z i

(b

z =z

zz = x 2 + y 2

z i M ( z ) [ oy )

 

.   z = a + ib   -  (1
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=
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a = 0
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(a (1


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z  M ( z ) ( xo ]

= 1}

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z zA
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zB z A

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1
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:%
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a + ib ( a + ib )( c id ) ( a + ib )( c id )
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z *   (* (1
 

arg z / ' . e1 ,OM  ' 

z zA
AC zC z A
=
= C
= 1 AC = AB
AB
zB z A
zB z A

Moivre ." (6
n

= cos ( n ) + i sin ( n )

Euler  ." (7
1
cos x = ( eix + e ix )
2
1 ix ix
sin x = ( e e )
2i

eix + e ix = 2 cos x
eix e ix = 2i sin x

z i  arg z
*

= 2 cos

+ i 2sin

cos

+ i sin

cos

= 2sin

.z

sin

z 1 + z 2 = e i + e i = e
=e

+
2

z 1 z 2 = e i e i = e
=e

i
e

2 cos

+
2

z * arg z [ 2 ]

[ 2 ]

z * arg z = k

+k

= rei " z = [ r , ]  z   %: :  


#

i
e

2i sin

:#$% (3

(c

+e

sin + i cos = cos( ) + i sin( )


2
2

(4

arg ( zz ) arg z + arg z [ 2 ]

[ r , ] [ r, ] = [ rr, + ]
n
[ r , ] = r n , n
[ r , ] = r ,

[ r, ] r

arg z n arg z [ 2 ]
n

z
arg arg z arg z [ 2 ]
z
1
arg arg z [ 2 ]
z

1
1

= ,
[ r , ] r

arg ( z ) arg z [ 2 ]

2
2

(a

cos i sin = cos( ) + i sin( )

z   (2

cos + i sin = cos( ) + i sin( )


cos i sin = cos( + ) + i sin( + )

sin

+e

+
2

z *+ arg z 0 [ 2 ]

%  . z = a + ib   %: :  


   (b

a
b
z = a + ib = a 2 + b 2
+i

2
2
a 2 + b2
a +b
= a 2 + b 2 ( cos + i sin ) = a 2 + b 2 ,

. %#A '  # . 2  /

[ 2 ]

+ i 2 cos
2
2

+
+
= 2sin
+ i sin
cos
2
2
2
2

:#$%

[ r , ] = [ r , ] r = r [ 2 ]

(*

 <)= arg z [ 2 ]  z = r   z = r ( cos + i sin )

z 1 z 2 = cos cos + i ( sin sin )

) [2 ]

+
2


       

= cos + cos + i ( sin + sin )


cos

z i * arg z

z 1 + z 2 = e i + e i = cos + i sin + cos + i sin

z i *+ arg z

?=   ;4 7   >! %: :  


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.  : : @  # . 1  /

z2 = ei z1 = ei  

= 2 cos

 
arg z e1 ,OM

 
z zA
AB, AC arg C
0 [ 2 ]
zB z A

( cos + i sin )

)

(e )

e i = e i

2 k

n = zk = n r , +
/ k {0,1,...., n 1}
n
n

2 k
  wk = 1,
A %= 1     )! (4
n
k {0,1,..., n 1}

e i e i = e

= e in

i ( + )

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i
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1
= e i
e i

.-  *   
01
(VI
z    z   % ! %# n *  z *   (1
. z n = Z 
n
. a     )! %= z = a    (2
A %= Z     )! *  Z = [ r , ]   (3

r , = [ r , ]

1 = e i



( e , u ) arg ( aff (u )) [ 2 ]


(u, v ) arg ( aff ( v ) ) arg ( aff (u )) [ 2 ]

(5

i = e

i =e

( e , AB ) arg ( z z ) [2 ]
 
( AB, CD ) arg zz zz [2 ]


:II 1
 4  
(VII
:"
a 0 . az 2 + bz + c = 0
= b 2 4ac

 
.B

b
.z=
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u u    )!  +, 0  )* H2

.z=

b u
2a

z=

b + u
2a

* 

Z = [ r , ] = r ,
2

 
01
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(a
*  Z = [ r , ]
 

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2

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: 

u  u = a = Z )! )*


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02 (2

z1 + z2 = a

zz =c
1 2 a
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( a ) = (i a )
2

u  u = i a = Z )! )*


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02 33

( '  #   !" 


= b ac
b
z =    7  = 0  )* H1
a
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b + u
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 z1 =
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2a

( a)

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2
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2 2
2

b
(1 + i )
2

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= Z

)! )*

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2
=
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2

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2
0 ) . Z = a + ib +
02

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( b 0 a

02 (4

)*
(5

:)
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z 2 = x 2 y 2 + 2ixy

Z =5

x = 1

"

  z = x + iy


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z =x2+y2 
2

2
x 2 y 2 = 3 (1)
z
=
Z

z2 = Z 2
2 xy = 4
( 2)
z = Z
x 2 + y 2 = 5 ( 3)

2
x = 1 % 2 x = 2 " E# (3) + (1) 

2 y 2 = 8 " E# (3) (1) 

y2 = 4

%
y = 2 " y = 2
"
 G ;4 7 y x )* xy = 2 0   (2) 9( 
x = 1
"

y = 2

x =1

y = 2

u  u = 1 + 2i = Z

)*
)! )*





+"



4
I


I

" %  #  


   f   
 J = f ( I )  
   f ! ( x I ) : f ( x ) 0 

!" 1

( x J ) : ( f 1 ) ( x ) =

f ( f

1
1

  

( x ))

  

+ g ) = f + g

(1

(12

( af ) = af (13
( f g ) =

f g + fg

( f ) = rf f r1
r

( x ) = 1 (2
( ax ) = a (3

(14

f f g g f
=
g2
g

(16

1 f
= 2
f
f

(17

1
1
= 2
x
x

r 1

(
(
(

(20

(21

u ( x )

u ( x) =
2 u ( x)

u ( x) =

u ( x) =
n

u ( x )
3

u ( x )
u ( x)

( Arc tan x ) =

( sin (u ( x )) ) = u ( x ) cos ( u ( x ))

u ( x)

n 1

1
1 + x2

x0  

(5

(7
(8
(9

(11
(22
u ( x )

( cos u ( x ) ) = u ( x ) sin ( u ( x ) ) ( Arc tan ( u ( x ) ) ) = 1 + ( u ( x ) )


2

( tan ( u ( x ) )) = u ( x ) (1 + tan ( u ( x ) )) (23

 
  

 (c

   
  x  
   f  (d
. f ( x ) = f ( x )  x     


.# $
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2
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'( "
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   f    (b
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. (T1 ) : y = f d ( x0 )( x x0 ) + f ( x0 )
.    
   *  % & (c
0

 
   +

!

lim

x x0+

f ( x ) f ( x0 )
= +  
x x0

$% ,   -. )  '( "


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. A ( x , f ( x ) )   ,  
f

 
   +

!

 (e

$% ,   -. )  '( "


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. A ( x , f ( x ) )   "/,  
f

 
   +

f ( x ) f ( x0 )
= +  
lim
x x0
x x0

!

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   f ( x ) = u ( x )  & 
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V# Y AN& b' X = 3 (

X () = {0,1, 2,3} ,./

p ( X = 3) =

3
3
3
7

C43 4
p( X = 0) = 3 =
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C
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p( X = 2) =

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xi
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1
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F ( x ) = p ( X < x ) = p ( X = 0) + p ( X = 1) =
35
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F ( x) = p ( X < x) = p ( X = 0) + p ( X = 1) + p ( X = 2) =

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F ( x) = p ( X < x) = p ( X = 0) =

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F ( x ) = p ( X < x ) = p ( X = 0) + p ( X = 1) + p ( X = 2) + p ( X = 3) = 1

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e u (x )
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sin x
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a
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a

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a

u '(x ) cos(u ( x ))
u '(x ) sin(u ( x ))
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sin u (x )
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f 


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a

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a

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a

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a



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a

: 4
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P (x )
dx (1
ax + b
u'
.
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ax + bx + c
p (x ) = ax 2 + bx + c /C V" F < 0 ( a
I =

ax + b  P (x ) 5 

A(E)=( f (x ) dx ) u .a @: :8
a

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f (x ) dx ) u .a @: :8

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. A(E)=

f (x ) dx f (x ) dx

(E ) ( a < b ) [a , b ]  


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b

A(E)=( f (x ) g (x ) dx ) u .a ( E ) F )


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b

A(E)= (f (x ) g (x )) dx @:
a

C g YF" / C f <# f g Y*(


b

A(E)= ( g (x ) f (x )) dx @:

t = u (x ) OP I =

dx  
F
1 + (u (x )) 2
GU p ( x ) = a ( x )( x ) P ( x ) # > 0 ( b
u'
1
1
1
1
# GU
=
(

) W<
u
P (x ) x x
= 0 ( c
1
(x ) '
1

I =
dx =
dx =
2
2
(x )
(x )
x
P (x )
 P (x ) 5 I =
dx (3
2
ax + bx + c
u'
u'
2
.

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2
u
1 + (u )
P (x )
I =n
dx I = P (x ) n ax + bdx (4
ax + b
t = n ax + b OP

I = P ( x ) sin(ax )dx I = P ( x ) cos(ax )dx (5

- C g N< C f O*( 


@:

A(E)= ( g (x ) f (x )) dx + ( f (x ) g (x )) dx



j = cm i = cm ( c
u .a = cm / ) N5 @ )":
967( " 2
( V(  ) ` S )  (a
/
F  G) V 
2

z = b z = a /( S )

S : [a , b ] IR

t S (t )
b

V=( S (t ) dx ) u .v
a

@:

 "Y

[a, b ]  
  f

 (b

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G "  /@ :  
/ G ! G)

V = ( (f (x ) )dx )u .v
a

kx

f (x ) = P (x )

g '(x ) = cos(ax ).....


I = P (x )Arc tan xdx I = P (x ) cos ln(x )dx (6
f (x ) = ln x (ou arctan )
OP 8  

g '(x ) = P (x )
I = e kx sin(ax )dx I = e kx cos(ax )dx (7
I = A + I "  8  
1
. I = x
dx (8
ae + b
e x
e x
u'
I = x
dx
=
dx =
x
x

e (ae + b )
a + be
u
(ln x ) r
I =
dx (9
x

[a, b ]  


( z = t /( S ) ObC  )  S (t ) )

OP 8   I = P ( x )e dx

I =

(ln x )r
1

(ln x ) r +1
dx = (ln x ) '(ln x )r dx =
x
r +1

I =
w '(x )

f '(x ) =
(w (x )) n

g (x ) = ....

u (x )v (x )
dx (10
(w (x )) n

OP 8  

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