3G is one of the most recent transmission technologies.

To completely understand the modern technology, we have to know what is 3G standards and 3G spectrum.
3G TECHNOLOGY
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 Introduction  Features  Applications  Technology history  Concepts involved in 3G:

Simplex vs. Duplex  TDD vs. FDD  Symmetric vs. Asymmetric Transmission  TDMA vs. CDMA  Circuit Switching vs. Packet Switching  How 3G network works?  Communication in 3G Networks  High Speed in 3G  Conclusion

CONTENTS
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The mobile communications industry has evolved in three stages , and correspondingly three generations of mobile phones have emerged thus far. Each one has provided more flexibility and usability than the previous ones.
(1G) Analog  (2G) Digital mobile phone  (3G) Multimedia services


INTRODUCTION

1. With 3G, the information is split

into separate but related packets before being transmitted and reassembled at the receiving end. 2.The World Wide Web(www) is becoming the primary communications interface. 3.Speeds up to 2 Megabits per second (Mbps) are achievable with 3G.
FEATURES
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APPLICATIONS

TECHNOLOGY HISTORY

 Simplex vs. Duplex TDD vs. FDD Symmetric vs. Asymmetric transmission TDMA vs. CDMA Circuit Switching vs. Packet Switching

CONCEPTS INVOLVED IN 3G

SIMPLEX

 In this, only one person can communicate at a time. Walkie-Talkie

uses simplex form of communication.  Using a Walkie-Talkie we have to push a button to talk one-way..

CONCEPTS-SIMPLEX vs. DUPLEX

DUPLEX

 Allows simultaneous two-way communication.

 Channel from base station to device is known as downlink and

channel to device is known as uplink.

CONCEPTS-SIMPLEX vs. DUPLEX
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FDD

In FDD, there are two separate frequency bands : one band for the

uplink and one band for the downlink. The two bands are separated by a guard band which provides isolation of two bands.
CONCEPTS-FDD vs. TDD
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TDD
In this, the uplink and the
downlink frequency operate on the same frequency, but they are switched very rapidly one moment the channel is sending the uplink signal, the next moment the channel is sending the downlink signal. TDD requires a guard time instead of a guard band between transmit and receive streams.

CONCEPTS-FDD vs. TDD

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 Data Transmission is Symmetric if the

data in the downlink and the data in the uplink is transmitted at the same data rate. Ex-voice transmission.
In Asymmetric Transmission, data in the downlink and data in the uplink are transmitted at different data rates. Exinternet..

CONCEPTS-SYMMETRIC TRANSMISSION vs. ASYMMETRIC TRANSMISSION

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TDMA
TDMA is Time Division Multiple Access. It works by dividing a single radio frequency into many small time slots. Each caller is assigned a specific time slot for transmission.

CDMA
CDMA is Code Division Multiple Access. CDMA works by giving each user a unique code. The receiver has knowledge of the sender s unique code, and is therefore able to extract the correct signal no matter what the frequency.

CONCEPTS TDMA vs. CDMA

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CIRCUIT SWITCHING
Traditional connections for voice connections require a physical path connecting the users at the two ends of the line, and that path stays open until the conversation ends. This kind of connection is called circuit switching.

CONCEPTS-CIRCUIT SWITCHING vs. PACKET SWITCHING-CIRCUIT SWITCHING

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PACKET SWITCHING
Packet Data: chopped into pieces(packets). given a destination address. mixed from other data from other sources. transmitted over a line with all the other data. reconstituted at the other end.

CONCEPTS-CIRCUIT SWITCHING vs. PACKET SWITCHING-PACKET SWITCHING

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HOW 3G WORKS..?

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 TDD mode does not allow long range transmissions. For this reason, TDD mode can only be used in

environments where the propagation delay is small. TDD mode is highly efficient for transmission of internet data in Pico cells.
HOW 3G WORKS..?

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IN PREVIOUS TECHNOLOGIES:
In GSM technology, instead of setting up a dedicated circuit, a small

portion of the airwaves are reserved for our call. This is a bad way of dividing up the available airwaves because the spaces and pauses in speech may get the same priority as the words.

IN GSM TECHNOLOGY:
3G networks change all this. Instead of reserving airspace each

conversation is chopped up into packets , each one of which is labeled with a code denoting which dialogue it is from.
COMMUNICATION IN 3G NETWORKS
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 On current GSM networks data chugs around at 9.6

kilobits per second(kbps). By contrast the upper limit for 3G networks is 2 megabits per second if you are standing still and 384 kbps for those on the move. This radical change means 3G mobile networks can support lots more subscribers and let them download data much faster.

HIGH SPEED IN 3G

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 In 3G networks, using packets of information to carry

voice and data also means that your phone is effectively always connected to the network. Mobile operators will have to stop charging on the basis of talk time and move to a model based on the packets you download or a single charge per month covering anything and everything you do. The day of 3G may be dawning but it will be a long time before the Sun sets on our existing mobile phones.
CONCLUSION
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