Dental Anatomy final summary

-Mand.2nd premolar with 3 cusps : 1 buccally & 2 lingually -All premolars have 2 cusps except mand. 2nd . -To distinguish between mand. 2nd premolar & molars with 3 cusps like maxi. Molar we look to the B aspect , in molar we have at least 2 cusp buccally ,but in premolar we have only one cusp buccally . -The cusp ridge that directed toward the center of the occlusial surface we call it triangular cusp ridge . -Any groove separating between cusps or marginal ridges is a developmental groove. -In premolars we don't see central fossa because we only have 2 cusps one B & one L

Maxillary premolars 1 & 2 max. premolars much more alike "similar to each other". Have 2 major cusps almost equal in size & prominence . Wide BL ,but constricted MD. The long axis of the crown is in line with the long axis of the root.
st nd

Mandibular premolars 1 &2 mand. Premolars are different from each other. The B cusps is bigger than L cusp.
st nd

The "L" HOC is in the middle third.

BL diameter is equal to MD. The long axis of the crown make an angle with long axis of the root because the crown is tilted L. The "L" HOC is very close to the occlusal surface .

-From maxillary B aspect : we have decreasing in size when we go from canine to 2 nd premolar. Maxillary 1st premolar: -M cusp ridge is long & straight , D cusp ridge is short & convex . -L surface is smooth. -The "B" HOC is within the cervical third, the "L" HOC is in the middle of the crown. - In the mesial interradicular groove it's start between the root and also continue to involve part of the crown .So the cervical part of the crown is also involve in this concavity ,BUT from the Distal aspect this groove is only confined to the root so we don't see it crossing the crown.

-The distal interradicular groove is shallower than the mesial one.

Maxillary 1st premolar From L aspect the entire B profile of the crown is visible. The mesial marginal ridge is very prominent and it has a groove 90% two roots, 10% one roots but in both cases we have two canals. hexagonal in shape and have very sharp MB and DB angle "V" shape. slightly convergent mesial and distal profile they are not parallel The occlusal table trapezoidal in shape B cusp wider than L cusp. Long central groove and less numerous supplemental grooves "rare" . Bigger than maxi 2nd premolar but smaller than canine. The L cusp tip is mesial to the midline. The pulp is kidney shape in cross section. from M aspect the B cusp is higher than the lingual cusp.

Maxillary 2nd premolar None of the B profile is visible we do not see mesial groove. 90% one roots , 10% two roots, usually single pulp canal. ovoid in shape and the MB and DB angle tend to be rounded . the mesial and distal outline tend to be parallel. The occlusal surface rectangular in shape. B & L cusp similar in width . Short central groove and more numerous supplemental grooves . Smaller than maxillary 1st premolar in width and height . The L cusp tip is in the midline. The pulp is cigar shape in cross section. They are equal & they have the same size

Mandibular 1st premolar B diameter is very larger than L diameter ,so B profile is visible. Presence ML groove . The only tooth among all teeth where the D marginal ridge is higher than M marginal ridge Diamond in shape, and the occlusal table triangular in shape. The root in cross section is ovoid in shape. The occlusal plane is not perpendicular to the long axis of the root. Have transvers ridge B ridge is more prominent . Crown bilaterally asymmetrical. L cusp is lower than B cusp. M & D outline converge lingually . Absence of the "Y" pattern ,and there is no central pit.

Mandibular 2nd premolar B & L diameter are equal in size, the B profile is not visible. No ML groove . M marginal ridge is higher than D marginal ridge. Square in shape and the occlusal table also square in shape.

The occlusal plane is perpendicular to the long axis of the root. Doesn't have transvers ridge. B ridge is less prominent than mand .1st premolar. Crown bilaterally symmetrical. B & L cusp almost equal in height . M & D outline straight and parallel. Main grooves form "Y" pattern ,and there is a central pit.

** This point is important from today lec . the dr. said he will ask in the practical exam about it : The functional & nonfunctional cusps : in maxillary teeth the nonfunctional cusp is the B cusp & the functional one is the L cusp , But in mandibular teeth the nonfunctional cusp is L & the functional one is the B cusp.

Regarding the occlusion ..I think you have to listen to the occlusion lec. Record and look to the pic to understand better ,but I will try to make summary for them when I study it .. I tried my best to conclude the most important point regarding the premolars ..good luck in your exams ..wish you all have high marks .. Enjoy studying ..Hadeel sumrain