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Filters and diodes

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Overview

Definition of Filter Types of Filters Approximations Band pass filter Butterworth band pass filter (Numerical) Circuit maker (Practical simulation) Diodes
IMPATT Tunnel Schottky

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What is a Filter?
Frequency selective network Enhancement or attenuation

Types of Filters
Low-pass High-pass Band

pass Band stop/ band reject/ notch

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Filter Approximations

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Ideal Ideal

response step response filter not realizable

Four

types of magnitude approximations

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Butterworth Chebyshev Inverse

Chebyshev Elliptical / Cauer

Practical Filter Response

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Band Pass Filter

Band

pass = high pass + low pass

High Pass Filter

Low Pass Filter

Band Pass Filter

Parallel

resonant circuit
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Butterworth Band Pass Filter

Design a band pass filter with f3dB= 20MHz and fo = 50MHz and f20dB = 60MHz. Sol: Step I : To find normalized frequency Normalized frequency: = f20dB / f3dB =3

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Butterworth Band Pass Filter

Step II : To find order of filter Insertion loss: IL = -10 log(1+ a2()2N) where, a = ripple factor = 1 Solving, N = 2.09 ~ 2 Step III : To find component values Coefficients: g1 = 1.4142 g2 = 1.4142 g3 = 1

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Butterworth Band Pass Filter

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Tunnel Diode
Invented

by L.Esaki in 1958. diode

Semiconductor Heavily

doped (1019 impurity atoms per cm3 ) N and P regions. junction mechanical tunneling

Narrow

Quantum

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Construction Of Tunnel Diode

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What Is Tunneling?
Ko = Initial Kinetic Energy V =Potential Energy E = Total Energy

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Energy Level Diagrams

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V-I Characteristics of Tunnel Diode

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Reverse Biased Tunnel Diode

Fig. Energy level diagram of tunnel diode under reverse bias condition

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Equivalent Circuit and Symbol

(a) Equivalent circuit

(b) Symbol

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Applications Of Tunnel Diode

Amplifiers Oscillators High-

speed switches Logic gates Flip-flops

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