Solutions: Unit - 1

TRIVANDRUM: T.C.No: 5/1703/30, Golf Links Road, Kowdiar Gardens, H.B.
Colony, TVM, 0471-2438271

KOCHI: Bldg.No.41/352, Mulloth Ambady Lane, Chittoor Road, Kochi - 11, Ph: 0484-2370094
Todays Mathiitians..... Tomorrows IITiians.....
Funct i ons Mat er i al
UNIT - 1
S OLUT I ONS
content
* Level - 1
* Level - 2
* Level - 3
e- Learni ng Resources
w w w . m a t h i i t . i n
S O L U T I O N S
1. Let f
1
(x) = [sin 3x]
If f
1
(x) is periodic then
f
1
(x + ) = f
1
(x), is period
[sin (3x + 3)] = [sin 3x]
3 = 2, 4, 6, .....
=
2
3
4
3

,
, 2 , .....
Period of f
1
(x) =
2
3
(least positive)
and Let f
2
(x) = |cos 6x| =
,
_
+
2
x 12 cos 1
Period of f
2
(x) =
2
12
Hence period of f(x) = L. C. M. of

2
3
2
12

,
_
,
=
L C M of
H C F of
. . . { , }
. . . { , }
2 2
3 12

=
2
3
2. f(x) =
[ ]
sec
1
x
x x
The function sec
-1
x is defined for all
R x
- (-

1, 1) and the function
[ ]
1
x x
is defined for all x R
- 1 so the given function is defined for all, R x - {(-

1, 1)
{n, n I}]
3. f

(x) = log
x
x
2
log is positive if base and exponent lie on same side of unity .
Thus if 0 < x < 1 then

2
x
< 1 i.e. x < 0 is not possible
x > 1 x (1,
)
4.
,
_

+ +
,
_

+ +
3
x cos . x cos
3
x sin x sin
2 2
= 1
]
1
,
_

+ +
,
_

+ +
3
x cos x cos 2
3
2
x 2 cos 1 x 2 cos 1
2
1
= 1
]
1

+
,
_

+ +
,
_
,
_

+ +
3
cos
3
x 2 cos
3
2
x 2 cos x 2 cos 2
2
1
= 1
]
1
,
_

+ +
,
_

+
3
x 2 cos
3
cos
3
x 2 cos 2
2
5
2
1
=
R x ,
4
5
3
x 2 cos
3
x 2 cos
2
5
2
1

1
]
1
,
_

+ +
,
_

+
1
4
5
g )) x ( f ( g ) x ( ) gof (
,
_

LEVEL - 1 (Objective)
Mathiit e- Learni ng Res ources doubt@mathiit.in www.mathiit.in
5. For
2 ] x [
x 4
, D
2
f
+
> 0
4 - x
2
> 0 and [x] + 2 > 0
or 4 - x
2
< 0 and [x] + 2 < 0
x
2
< 4 and [x] > -2
or x
2
> 4 and [x] < - 2
(|x| < 2 and x > -1)
or (|x| > 2 and x < -2)
) 2 , ( x or ] 2 , 1 [ x
6. The function f(x) =
,
_

4
x x 5
log
2
10 exists
for
1
4
x x 5
2
5x - x
2
- 4 > 0
x [1, 4]
7. The function
x 3 cos 2
1
) x ( f
is defined for all x R. Therefore domain of f(x) is R. Let f(x) =

y. Then
y
x 3 cos 2
1
and y > 0 2 - cos 3x =

y
1
cos 3x =
y
1 y 2
x =
,
_
y
1 y 2
cos
3
1
1
Now, x R if
-1 < 1
y
1
2 1 1
y
1 y 2

1
y
1
3 1
y
1
3
1
y
1
3 1 y
3
1

1
]
1
1 ,
3
1
y 1 y
3
1
8.
'
<

0 x x
0 x , x
| | Since
'
<

0 x x 2
0 x , 0
| |
Hence the domain of f(x) =
x 1 1
1

is the set of all negative real numbers i.e., ) 0 , (
9. We have f(x) = log ) 1 x x (
2
+ +
f(-x) + f(x) = log

) 1 x x (
2
+ +
+ log
) 1 x x (
2
+ +
= log (-x
2
+ x
2
+1) = log 1 = 0 for all x
f(-x) = - f(x) for all x f(x) is an odd function.
10. Since the function
g(x) = cosx is an even function & h(x) = log ) 1 x x (
2
+ + is an odd function ,
The function goh(x) = cos (log ) 1 x x (
2
+ + ) is an even function.
11. We have f(x) = sin
4
x + cos
4
x
= (sin
2
x + cos
2
x)
2
- 2sin
2
cos
2
x
= 1- (sin2x)
2
= 1-
x 4 cos
4
1
4
3
2
x 4 cos 1
+
1
]
1

Q cos x is periodic with period
2
cos 4 x is periodic with period
4
2
& hence f(x) is periodic with period
2
12. Since g(x) = sin x, h(x) = log ) 1 x x (

2
+ + both are odd functions
f(x) = goh (x) is also an odd function.
13. The function f(x) =
7-x
P
x-3
is defined only if x is an integer satisfying the following
i) 7 -x > 0 (ii) x - 3 > 0 (iii) 7-x > x-3
Now 5 x 3
5 x
3 x
7 x

1
1
1
]
1

<
The required domain is {3, 4, 5}
14. We have
f(x) =
x tan x x
x cos x sin
2
4 4
+
+
f(-x) =
) x tan( x x
x cos x sin
2
4 4
+
+
= -
x tan x x
x cos x sin
2
4 4
+
+
= -f(x)
f(x) is an odd function
Obviously f(x) is not a periodic function due to presence of x in the denominator.
15.
1 ) x ( f 0 x 1 x 2
1 ) x ( f 0 x 1 1
1 ) x ( f 1 x for 1 x 2 ) x ( f
+
<
> <
on the whole f(x) > 1
16. tan
-1
x + cot
-1
x =
2
tan
-1
x - cot
-1
x = 2 tan
-1
x -
2
2
2 x tan 2
2
2
1

< <

=
2 2
x tan 2
2
) or ( x tan 2
1 1

<
<
< <

=
2 2
x tan 2
2
3
1

<
<

=
1
]
1
2
,
2
3
17. f(x) = 0 if x > 0 = x 2 if x < 0
Range of f(x) = ) , 0 [
18. f(x) = x
2
,
_
1 10
1 10
x 2
x 2
f(-x) = (-x)
2
,
_
1 10
1 10
x 2
x 2
= -x
2
,
_
x 2
x 2
10 1
10 1

= -x
2
,
_
1 10
1 10
x 2
x 2

=
,
_
1 10
1 10
x
x 2
x 2
2
= f(x) an odd function
19. log
10
(1-x)
0, 1 - x > 0, x +2 > 0
1- x
1, x < 1, x > -2 x
0, x < 1, x > -2
} 0 { ) 1 , 2 [ x
20. Let f(x) =
x cos ] x [ x x cos
2 4
e
+ +
Period of x - [x] = 1
Q cos
2
2
x 2 cos 1
x
+
Period of cos
2
1
2
2
x

Q cos
4
} x 4 cos x 2 cos 4 3 {
8
1
x + +
Q Period of cos 2 x
2
2
=1 Q Period of cos 4

4
2
x =
2
1
Period of cos
4
x L.C.M.
,
_
2
1
, 1
=
1
1
1
) 2 , 1 .( F . C . H
) 1 , 1 .( M . C . L

Period of f (x) = 1
21. For f(x) to be defined, the following three inequalities must be satisfied
(i) sin
-1
(log
2
x) > 0
(ii) cos (sin x) > 0
(iii)
1
x 2
x 1
2
+
(i) 0 < log
2
x < 1 i.e 1 < x < 2
(ii) is satisfied for all x
(iii) is satisfied if |x| = 1
Hence f(x) is defined only if x = 1
22. x
2
- x - 2
0 x
2, -1
1
2
1
x , 0
2
1
x
1
]
1
+ >
1
]
1
+

) 2 , 1 (
2
1
x , 1
2
1
x + +
,
_

2
3
,
2
1
x ,
2
1
x
) , 2 ( 2 ,
2
3
x
,
_
23. 4
x
+ 2
2(x-2)
- 2
2(x-1)
> 52
52 ] 2 2 1 [ 2
2 4 x 2
+

;
52
16
13
2
x 2
1
]
1
2
2x
> 64; x > 3. Domain is [3, ).
24. The function must be even.
f(0 + 0) = f(0) + f(0) f(0) = 0.
f(x - x) = f(x) + f(-x) or 0 = f(x) + f(-x) f(x) is odd.
Also, ) 1 x x ( log
2
e
+ + is odd because ) 1 ) ( ( log
2
+ + x x
e
= ) 1 ( log
2
+ + x x
e
.
f(x) = cos x + sin x =
,
_
4
x cos 2 .
As
,
_

,
_

4
x cos
4
x cos for every x, cos x + sin x is not even.
25. y = x
2
- x + 1 x
2
- x + 1 - y = 0
2
3 y 4 1
2
) y 1 ( 4 1 1
x
t
t

Since
2
1
x , we have
4
3
y
2
1
x +
4
3
x
2
1
) x ( f
1
+

4
3
x
2
1
1 x x ) x ( f ) x ( f
2 1
+ +

which is satisfied by x = 1.
26. 6 x . e . i 0 36 x if 0 ) x ( g
2
t
,
_
5 x
1 x
log
4 . 0 is defined
if
1
5 x
1 x
and
5 x
1 x
0 1
5 x
1 x
0
+
<
+
<
1
5 x
6
1 & 0
5 x
1 x
+
>
+
0
5 x
6
and 0 ) 5 x ( ) 1 x (
+
> +
0 5 x and ) 1 x or 5 x ( > + > < 5 x and ) 1 x or 5 x ( > > <
} 6 { ~ ) , 1 ( } 0 ) x ( g | x { D D D
g f g / f

27. For D
f
: x > 0 and log
e
x
0
x > 0 and x
1
D
f
= (0,1) (1, )
28. f(x) + g(x) = e
x
f(x) - g(x) = e
-x

2
e e
) x ( g ;
2
e e
) x ( f
x x x x
Clearly f(-x) = g(x) f(x) is even

g(-x) = -g(x) g(x) is odd
29.
y 2 2
a
a 1 x x ) 1 x x ( log y + + + +
x
2
+ 1 = (a
y
- x)
2
= a
2y
+ x
2
- 2xa
y
1 = a
2y
- 2xa
y
2xa
y
= a
2y
- 1

2
a a
a 2
1 a
x
y y
y
y 2

2
a a
) y ( f
y y
1

2
a a
) x ( f
x x
1
30. Since f(x) = cos

p
x
Period of
p
2
) x ( f

4 p ) given (
p
2

[a] = 4 a
[4, 5)
31. Since periods of x - [x],
| x cos |
,
| x n cos | .... | x 2 cos |
are
n
1
n
2
.
2
1
... ,
2
1
2
2
2
1
, 1
2
.
2
1
, 1
Period of f(x) is L.C.M. of 1, 1,

4
1
........., ,
3
1
,
2
1
= 1
32. Let
,
_

4
| x | 2
sin ) x ( f
1
1
f
1
(x) is defined when

1
4
| x | 2
1

- 4 < 2 - |x| < 4
- 6 < - |x| < 2
- 2 < |x| < 6
- 2 < x < 6
or - 6 < x < 2
] 6 , 6 [ ] 6 , 2 [ ] 2 , 6 [ D
1
f

Let
,
_

4
| x | 2
cos ) x ( f
1
2
] 6 , 6 [ ] 6 , 2 [ ] 2 , 6 [ D
2
f

Let
,
_

4
| x | 2
tan ) x ( f
1
3
R D
3
f

] 6 , 6 [ D D D D
3 2 1
f f f f

33. f

(x) = cos (cos
-1
x)
f

(-

x) = cos

(cos
-1
x) even
f

(x) = cos (sin x) + sin (cos x)

T = T =
Hence period =
f

(x) = cos (3 sin x)
cos x always lies between [-

1, 1]
34.
9
x cos 4 ) x ( f
2
2

For
3
x or
3
x 0
9
x : D
2
2
f
,
_
1
]
1

,
3 3
, D
f
Since 1
9
x cos 1
2
2

] 4 , 4 [ R 4 ) x ( f 4
f

35. Since R 1 sin 1 <
] 1 , 1 [ R
f

36. log
2
x is a real if x > 0 so we should have
log
3
) / 4 (
log

(tan
-1
x)
-1
> 0.
Q Base 3 > 1 so
) / 4 (
log

(tan
-1
x)
-1
> 1
Now the base 1 / 4 > so
>

/ 4 ) x (tan
1 1
or tan
-1
x <
4 /
so 0 < x < 1
Hence required domain is (0, 1)
37. f(x) = ) x ( f + ) a x ( f ) a x ( f + + +
] a ) 1 x ( { f + +
So, the period is 1.
38. Let ) x x ( cos ) x ( f
2 1
1

) (
1
x f is defined when -1 < x - x
2
< 1
2
5 1
x
2
5 1 +

........ (i)
Let
| x |
1
1 ) x ( f
2

) (
2
x f is defined when 0
| x |
1
1 x < -1 and x > 1 ......... (ii)
and Let
] 1 x [
1
) x ( f
2 3
) x ( f
3
is defined when x
2
< 1, x
2
> 2
) , 2 [ ) 1 , 1 ( ] 2 , ( x
........... (iii)
Then required domain =
3 2 1
f f f f
D D D D =
1
]
1
+
2
5 1
, 2
.
39. (fog)(x) = f(g(x)) = f(ln | x |)
= sin (ln | x |)
Range R
1
= [-1, 1]
(gof) (x) = g(f(x)) = g (sinx ) = ln | sin x |
Range R
2
= 1 | x sin | 0 ] 0 , ( < .
40. Since
x 1
x 1
log ) x ( f
+

=
) x ( f
x 1
x 1
log
f(x) is odd.
1.
4
3 2
) 4 x (
) 2 x ( ) 1 (x ) 1 x 2 (
) x ( f

, which gives
4 x
.......... (i)
as denominator 0 and 1 x as at x = 1, f(x) = 0
Putting zero to (2x - 1) and (x - 2)
3
as they have odd powers and neglecting (x - 1)
2
and (x - 4)
4
on
number line as shown in figure.
Which shows f(x) > 0 when x < 1/2 or x > 2 but except 4 and 1.
} 4 { ~ ) , 2 ( ) 2 / 1 , ( x .
2. Here
) 1 x (
) 4 x ( ) 3 x ( ) x 1 ( ) 2 x (
) x ( f
2 3 2
+

or ) 1 x ( ,
) 1 x (
) 4 x ( ) 3 x )( 1 x ( ) 2 x (
) x ( f
2 3 2

+

....... (i)
Putting zero to (x - 1), (x - 3)
3
, (x + 1) as having odd powers and neglecting (x - 2)
2
, (x - 4)
2
.
We get, 0 ) x ( f when
1 x 1 <
or
< x 3
{using (i) as
1 x
}
or ) , 3 [ ] 1 , 1 ( x .
3.
0 1
2 x
x | 3 x |
>
+
+ +
0
2 x
2 x x | 3 x |
>
+
+ +
0
2 x
2 | 3 x |
>
+
+
......... (i)
Now two cases arises:
Case I: When 0 3 x + ......... (ii)
0
2 x
2 3 x
>
+
+
0
2 x
1 x
>
+
+
) , 1 ( ) 2 , ( x using number line rule as shown in figure.

But 3 x {from (ii)}
) , 1 ( ) 2 , 3 [ x ..... (a)
+ +
-
1/2 2
+ +
-
-1 1
-
3
+ +
-
-2 -1
S O L U T I O N S
LEVEL - 2 (Subjective)
Case II: When x + 3 < 0 .... (iii)
0
2 x
2 ) 3 x (
>
+
+
0
) 2 x (
) 5 x (
>
+
+
) 2 , 5 ( x using number line rule as shown in figure.

But x < -3 {from (iii)}
) 3 , 5 ( x .....(b)
Thus from (a) and (b) we have;
) 3 , 5 ( ) , 1 ( ) 2 , 3 [ x ) , 1 ( ) 2 , 5 ( x .
4. Here, f(x) is defined if,
0
| x sin | log
3
) 23 x 8 x ( log
2
2
| x sin |
> +
0 2 log 3 ) 23 x 8 x ( log
| x sin |
2
| x sin |
> +
1 , 0 | x sin | and | x sin |

8
23 x 8 x
0
2
<
+

0
8
23 x 8 x
log
2
| x sin |
>
,
_
x
2
- 8x + 23 < 8 and 1 , 0 | x sin |
x
2
- 8x + 15 < 0 and 1 , 0 x sin t
(x - 3) (x - 5) < 0 and
2
) 1 n 2 ( , n x

+
) 5 , 3 ( x and
2
3
, x

{using number line rule}

,
_

,
_

5 ,
2
3
2
3
, ) , 3 ( x
Domain of
,
_
,
_

5 ,
2
3
2
3
, ) , 3 ( ) x ( f
.
5.

,
_
5 x
1 x
log ) x ( f
4 . 0 exists if
0
5 x
1 x
log
4 . 0

,
_
and
0
5 x
1 x
>
,
_
- -
+
-5 -2
0
) 4 . 0 (
5 x
1 x
and
0
5 x
1 x
>
+
1
5 x
1 x
and
0
5 x
1 x
>
+
0 1
5 x
1 x

+
and
0
5 x
1 x
>
+
0
5 x
6
and
0
5 x
1 x
>
+
x + 5 > 0 and
0
5 x
1 x
>
+
x > -5 and x - 1 > 0 {as x + 5 > 0}

x > -5 and x > 1
Thus, domain ) , 1 ( ) x ( f
6. Here
,
_
3
| x | 2 1
cos
1
exists if
1
3
| x | 2 1
1

3 | x | 2 1 3
2 | x | 2 4
1 | x | 2
2 x 2 ...... (i)
Also log
|x - 1|
x exists if,
x > 0 and |x - 1| > 0
x > 0 and } 1 { ~ R x ....... (ii)
Hence, from (i) and (ii), we get
] 2 , 1 ( ) 1 , 0 ( x
7. [sin x] is always defined.
,
_
] 1 x [
cos is also defined except when [x - 1] = 0
1 1 x 0 <
2 x 1 <
Hence, domain ) 2 , 1 [ ~ R .
8. Here,
} x { 1
} x {
] x [ x 1
] x [ x
y
+
Thus, domain
real number.
Thus, from , have we
} x { 1
} x {
y
+
y 1
y
} x { } x { } x { y y
+
Here,
2
1
y 0 1
y 1
y
0 , so 1 } x { 0 < <
<
Hence,

,
_
2
1
, 0 range
.
9. y is defined if 3x
2
- 4x + 5 > 0
where D = 16 - 4 (3) (5) = -44 < 0 and coefficient of x
2
= 3 > 0
Hence, (3x
2
- 4x + 5) > 0 R x
Thus, domain R
Now, y = log
e
(3x
2
- 4x + 5)
we have 3x
2
- 4x + 5 = e
y
or 3x
2
- 4x + (5 - e
y
) = 0
Since, x is real thus, discriminant
0
i.e., (-4)
2
- 4(3)(5 - e
y
)
0 44 e 12
y
So,
3
11
e
y
Thus,

,
_
3
11
log y
Hence,

,
_

,
_
,
3
11
log is range
.
10. Since, f(x) is even so, f(-x) = f(x)
Thus,
2 x
1 x
x
+
+
or
2 x
1 x
x
+
+

1 x x 2 x
2
+ + or -x
2
- 2x = x + 1
x
2
+ x -1 = 0 or -x
2
- 3x - 1 = 0
2
5 1
x
t
or
2
5 3
x
t
Thus,
'
+ +
2
5 3
,
2
5 3
,
2
5 1
,
2
5 1
x
11.
2
1
1
x
) x tan x (sin x
2
1 x
) x tan x (sin x
) x ( f
+
1
]
1
1
]
1
+
+
5 . 0
x
) x tan x (sin x
) x ( f
+
1
]
1
5 . 0
x
)) x tan( ) x (sin( x
) x ( f
+
1
]
1
'

+
1
]
1

+

n x , 0
n x ,
5 . 0
x
1
) x tan x (sin x
) x ( f
Hence; 0 ) x ( f and
5 . 0
x
) x tan x (sin x
) x ( f
,
_
+
1
]
1
+

f(-x) = -f(x). Hence, f(x) is an odd function (if
n x
) and f(x) is even function (if n x ).
12. Let ) x ( f y
0 1 xy x
x
) 1 x (
y
2
2
+
+

2
4 y y
x
2
t

2
4 y y
) y ( f
2
1
t

)} y ( f x y ) x ( f as {
1

2
4 x x
) x ( f
2
1
t

Since, range of inverse function is ) , 1 [ , therefore neglecting negative sign, we have,
2
4 x x
) x ( f
2
1
+
.
13. f(x) = x
2
- x + 1
4
3
2
1
x ) x ( f
2
+
,
_

which is clearly one-one and onto in given domain and co-domain.
Thus, its inverse can be obtained.
Let f(x) = y
4
3
2
1
x y
2
+
,
_
4
3
y
2
1
x t
4
3
y
2
1
x t
)] y ( f x y ) x ( f [
1

4
3
y
2
1
) y ( f
1
+
[neglecting -ve sign as always +ve]
4
3
x
2
1
) x ( f
1
+
.
14.
x ] x [
1
) x ( f
exists if;
[x] - x > 0 i.e., [x] > x
But from definition of greatest integral function we know;
x ] x [ [as x = [x] + {x}]
Thus, it is not possible that [x] > x
Hence, domain ) x ( f
15.
) 13 x 7 x ( log
1
) x ( f
2
2 / 1
+
exists if;
log
1/2
(x
2
- 7x + 13) > 0
(x
2
- 7x + 13) < 1 .... (i)
and x
2
- 7x + 13 > 0 .... (ii)
Considering equation (ii), x
2
- 7x + 13 > 0, we have
0
4
49
13
4
49
x 7 x
2
> +
,
_
0
4
3
2
7
x
2
> +
,
_
which is true for all

R x
as
. x all for 0
2
7
x
2

,
_
......(a)
Again taking (i), x
2
- 7x + 13 < 1
x
2
- 7x + 12 < 0 (x - 3)(x - 4) < 0 3 < x < 4
Combining (a) and (b), we have
Hence, domain of ) 4 , 3 ( ) x ( f
16. Given: 10
x
+ 10
y
= 10

10
y
= 10 - 10
x
y = log
10
(10 - 10
x
) [as, b log m b a
a
m
]
Now, y is defined if, 10
1
- 10
x
> 0
10
1
> 10
x
1 > x
Hence, domain of single valued function
y = f(x)

x < 1
Hence, ) 1 , ( x .
17. Here
,
_
2
, 0 x
1 x sin 0 < < .......... (i)
and we know
'
> <
< < > <
1 a if , a x
1 a 0 if , a x b x log
b
b
a
....... (ii)
Thus, if exists
x tan log
1
) x ( f
x sin
0 ) x (tan log
x sin
>
log
sin x
tan x < 0 [as inequality sign changes on multiplying by -ve]
tanx > (sinx)
0
(using (i) and (ii)) tan x > 1

,
_
2
,
4
x
)] 2 / , 0 ( x as [
+ +
-
3 4
Hence,

,
_
2
,
4
x
Therefore,
,
_

2
,
4
is required solution.
18. Firstly, finding domain
log
3
(log
1/2
(x
2
+ 4x + 4)} exists if,
log
1/2
(x
2
+ 4x + 4) > 0
0
2
2
1
4 x 4 x
,
_
< + +
] 1 a 0 if , a x b x log g sin u [
b
a
< < > <
x
2
+ 4x + 4 < 1
x
2
+ 4x + 3 < 0
(x + 1) (x + 3) < 0
-3 < x < -1 ......... (i)
and x
2
+ 4x + 4 > 0
(x + 2)
2
> 0,
which is always true except for x = -2 ....... (ii)
Thus, from (i) and (ii), we have
) 1 , 2 ( ) 2 , 3 ( x
Hence, domain ) 1 , 2 ( ) 2 , 3 (
Now we find out the range,
Since, 0 < log
1/2
(x
2
+ 4x + 4) < x domain (y) < + + < )) 4 x 4 x ( (log log
2
2 / 1 3
.
Thus, range R ) y ( .
19. First, we shall find the domain
0 x
9
, if exists x
9
sin 3 ) x ( f
2
2
2
2

0
3
x
3
x
,
_
,
_

3 / x 3 /
Hence, domain ] 3 / , 3 / [ ) x ( f
as 0 x
9
2
2

.
Let 0 x
9
2
2

- +
-/3
-
/3
+ -
-3 -1
+
So,
3 / 0
whereas,
2
3
sin 0
2
3 3
x
9
sin 3 0
2
2

Hence, Range of
1
]
1
2
3 3
, 0 ) x ( f .
20. (i) Let y = f(x)
y = sin
-1
(x / 3)
x = 3 sin y
f
-1
(y) = 3 sin y [as y = f(x)
x = f
-1
(y)]
f
-1
(x) = 3 sin x
(ii) Let f(x) = y
y = ln (x
2
+ 3x + 1)
y = log
e
(x
2
+ 3x + 1)
x
2
+ 3x + 1 = e
y
x
2
+ 3x + (1 - e
y
) = 0
2
) e 1 ( 4 9 3
x
y
t
2
e 5 3
x
y
+ t

2
e 5 3
) y ( f
y
1
+ t
Hence,
2
e 5 3
) x ( f
x
1
+ t
21. If ] 1 , 1 [ x
then
'
<
< <
2
x 0 , x sin
0 x
2
, 1 x sin
)) x ( g ( f
2
So,
'
1
]
1

2
,
2
x , x sin |) ) x ( g (| f
2
...... (i)
Further,
'

<
1 x 0 , x sin
0 x 1 , x sin 1
| )) x ( g ( f |
2 ..... (ii)
Adding (i) and (ii); we get
| )) x ( g ( f | |) ) x ( g (| f ) x ( h +
'

< < +
1 x 0 , x sin 2
0 x 1 , 1 x sin x sin
2
2
22. By definition of [x], we have
9 ] [
2
and 10 ] [
2
. Hence
f(x) = cos 9x + cos (-10) x = cos 9x + cos 10x
Now + 5 cos ) 2 / 9 ( cos ) 2 / ( f = 0 + (-1) = -1 and f( ) = cos9 + cos10 = -1 + 1 = 0.
) 10 cos( ) 9 cos( ) ( f +
0 1 1 10 cos 9 cos + +
) 4 / 10 cos( ) 4 / 9 cos( ) 4 / ( f +
2
0
2
1 1
.
23.

,
_
,
_
x
1
f ) x ( f
x
1
f . ) x ( f
1 1
x
1
f 1
x
1
f . ) x ( f +
,
_
'

,
_
or
1 } 1 ) x ( f { 1
x
1
f
'

,
_
Above shows that f(x) - 1 and

1
x
1
f
,
_
are reciprocal of each other and so are x and 1/x.

Above is possible when
n n
x or x 1 ) x ( f so that
n
x
1
1
x
1
f
,
_
or
n
x
1
Hence f(x) = 1 + x
n
or 1 - x
n
, i.e.,
n
x 1t
Here f(x) is a cubic

3
x 1 ) x ( f t
Given f(3) = 28

f(3) = 1 + 3
3
= 228
f(x) = 1 + x
3
.
Hence f(2) = 1 + 2
3
= 9
24. We are given f(2) = 5, so we put x = 2, y = 1
f(2)f(1) = f(2) + f(1) + f(2) - 2
or 5f(1) = 5 + f(1) + 5 - 2
or 4f(1) = 8
f(1) = 2
Now put
x
1
y
in the given relation
2 ) 1 ( f
x
1
f ) x ( f
x
1
f ) x ( f +
,
_
,
_
or
,
_
+
,
_
x
1
f ) x ( f
x
1
f ). x ( f
( 2 ) 1 ( f Q )
n
x 1 ) x ( f t by previous answer.
Since f(2) = 5
f(x) = x
2
+ 1
f(5) = 5
2
+ 1 = 26.
25.
5
x
1
x
1
bf ) x ( af
,
_
+
...... (1)
Replacing x by
x
1
we have
5 x ) x ( bf
x
1
af +
,
_
....... (2)
Multiply (1) by a and (2) by b and subtract to eliminate
,
_
x
1
f
.
) b a ( 5 bx
x
a
) x ( f ) b a (
2 2

) b a (
5
bx
x
a
b a
1
) x ( f
2 2
+
1
]
1

.
1. } 0 1 x , R x | x { } 0 x 1 , R x | x { D
2
f
>
} 1 x , R x | x { } 1 x and R x | x {
2
>
] 1 , ( )} , 1 [ ] 1 , {( ) 1 , (
2. 0 x for 1
x
1
1
x
x 1
) x ( f
2 2
2
> +
+
) , 1 ( R
f

3. For
0 x
, |x| = x
The two given curves have the same graph for 0 x only.
4. 1/x is defined for
0 x
.
x sin
1
2

is defined for
1 x 1
3 x
1
is defined for x - 3 > 0 i.e. x > 3
domain of f(x) is ) , 3 ( ] 1 , 1 [ }) 0 { ~ R (
5. For D
f
, we must have
0 1 x
2

and x - 1 > 0
1 x & 1 x
2
> ) , 1 ( x 1 x > .
6. When 1 or 0 , 1 , 2 ] x [ ,
2
,
2
x
,
_
cos [x] will take values cos (-2), cos (-1), cos (0) and cos (1)
Hence, R
f
= {1, cos 1, cos 2}
7. For domain of the function,
0 c x ) c b ( x ) b a ( ax
2 3
> + + + + + 0 ) 1 x ( ) c bx ax (
2
> + + +
0 ) 1 x (
a
c
x
a
b
x a
2
> +
'
+ +
0 ) 1 x (
a 2
b
a
c
a 2
b
x
a
b
x
2 2
2
> +
'
,
_
+
,
_
+ +
1
]
1
> +
,
_
+ 0
a 4
ac 4 b
a
c
a 4
b
0 ) 1 x (
a 2
b
x
2
2
2
2
2
Q
a 2
b
x and 1 x 0
a 2
b
x and 0 1 x

> + > +
.
S O L U T I O N S
LEVEL - 3 (Questions asked from previous Engineering Exams)
8. ) x ( f
1 a
1 a
. x
a 1
a 1
. x
1 a
1 a
. x ) x ( f
x
x
x
x
x
x
f(x) in (c) is even.

9. (log
3
x)(log
x
2x)(log
2x
y) = log
x
x
2
log
3
y = 2 log
x
x = 2
y = 3
2
= 9.
10. Let R x ,
1 x x
1 x x
) x ( f y
2
2
+ +
+

(x
2
+ x + 1) y = x
2
- x + 1
x
2
(y - 1) + x(y + 1) + y - 1 = 0
Since x is real, (y + 1)
2
- 4(y - 1)
2

0
-3y
2
+ 10y - 3
0
3y
2
- 10y + 3
0
(3y - 1)(y - 3)
0

0 ) 3 y (
3
1
y 3
,
_

3 y
3
1

.
11. 2 - 2x - x
2

0

x
2
+ 2x - 2
0
(x + 1)
2
- 3
0 (x + 1)
2

3
3 ) 1 x ( 3 +
3 1 x 3 1 +
.
12. R x , 7 x 6 x ) x ( f y
2
+ x
2
- 6x + 7 - y = 0
Since x is real, (-6)
2
- 4(7 - y)
0 ) , 2 [ y 2 y 0 ) y 7 ( 4 36 .
13. Domain of sin
-1
x is [-1, 1]
2
2
x
2
1
1
2
x
log 1
2 2
2

2 | x | and 1 | x | 4 x 1
2

] 2 , 2 [ ) , 1 [ ] 1 , ( D
f
= ] 2 , 1 [ ] 1 , 2 [
14.
,
_
,
_
) xy ( f
y
x
f
2
1
) y ( f ) x ( f
= cos (log x) cos (log y)
,
_
,
_
) xy ( log cos
y
x
log cos
2
1
=
) y log x (log (cos
2
1
) y (log cos ) x (log cos
+ cos (log x+logy))
0 )) y (log cos ) x (log cos 2 (
2
1
) y (log cos ) x cos(log
15.
2
e e
e e
) x ( f y
x x
x x
+
+
1 e 2 y e ) 2 y (
1 e
1 e
2 y
x 2 x 2
x 2
x 2
+
+

y 1 e ) 3 y (
x 2

y 3
1 y
e
x 2
,
_

y 3
1 y
log x 2
e

,
_

y 3
1 y
log
2
1
x
e
2 / 1
e
1
x 3
1 x
log ) x ( f
,
_

16.
x 3 sin 2
1
y
Since 1 x 3 sin 1 1 x 3 sin 1

1 x 3 sin 2 3
1
x 3 sin 2
1
3
1

1 y
3
1

Range is
1
]
1
1 ,
3
1
.
17. Let
2
x x 2 ) x ( g and
] x [
1
) x ( f
Now, ) 1 , 0 [ ~ R } 0 ] x [ | x { ~ R D
f

} 0 x x 2 and R x | x { D
2
g

] 2 , 0 [ } 0 ) 2 x ( x and R x | x {
Domain of given function = ] 2 , 1 [ D D

g f

18. f(x) exists if 1
3
x
log 1
3

,
_

9 x 1 3
3
x
3
1 1

.
19. For domain,
7 - x > 0 x < 7
x - 3

3 x
and 5 x 3 x x 7
5 x 3
x can be 3, 4, 5 ) Z x ( Q
f(3) =
4
P
0
= 1
f(4) =
3
P
1
= 3
f(5) =
2
P
2
= 2
Range = {1, 2, 3}
20. For x cos
2
x
sin 4
2
x
sin
x 2 sin
, 2 n
,
_

The period of cos x is
2
and that of
2
x
cos
is
4
Period of
4 is
2
x
sin
x 2 sin
Periods of
4
x
sin
x 4 sin
and
5
x
sin
x 5 sin
,
3
x
sin
x 3 sin
cannot be 4 .
21. log
2
(log
3
(log
4
x)) is defined if log
3
(log
4
x) > 0
4 x 1 3 x log
0
4
> > .
22. Since f(x) is odd periodic function with period 2
) x ( f ) 2 x ( f and ) x ( f ) x ( f + ) 0 ( f ) 2 2 ( f ) 2 ( f and ) 0 ( f ) 2 ( f +
Now, ) 0 ( f ) 2 ( f ) 2 ( f ) 0 ( f 0 ) 0 ( f 0 ) 0 ( f 2
0 ) 4 ( f 0 ) 0 ( f ) 2 ( f ) 4 ( f .
23.
+
1 y
x y x 1 ) x ( f

1 x
) x ( f
1 y
) y ( f
1 1
Since f = f
-1
) x ( f ) x ( f
1

) 1 ( x 1
1 x
x 1
2
+
+
0 1 + 1
.
24. The side of the equilateral triangle
) x ( g x ) 0 ) x ( g ( ) 0 x (
2 2 2 2
+ +
Area of triangle =
2
1
bc sin A
) c b ( 60 sin )) x ( g x (
2
1
0 2 2
+ Q
) given (
4
3
)) x ( g x (
4
3
2 2
+
2 2 2 2
x 1 ) x ( g 1 ) x ( g x +
2
x 1 ) x ( g t
2
x 1 ) x ( g
or
2
x 1 ) x ( g
as the function cannot have two different values at a point.
25. The function in (a) is periodic with period 1.
] x [ x ] x [ x ) x ( f ) x ( f + + +
] x [ ] x [ + wich is always true and the least integral value of
is 1. Functions in (b) & (c) are

not periodic.
0 x ,
1
sin x
x
1
sin ) x ( , For
+
+
R x , 0
x
1
sin
1
sin
x
1
sin x
+
+
1
]
1
But this is not always true unless

0
Again, x cos x ) x ( cos ) x ( + +
)] x cos( x [cos x ) x cos( + +
1
]
1
,
_

+ +
2
sin
2
x sin 2 x ) x cos(
,
_
,
_
2
x cos
2
x sin x
2
sin 2
.
which is not possible as L.H.S. is always a constant and R.H.S. is not a constant.
26. f(x) is real valued if
0
2 x
) 3 x ( ) 1 x (
+

0
) 2 x (
) 2 x )( 3 x ( ) 1 x (
2

0 ) 3 x )( 2 x ))( 1 ( x ( 3 x and 2 x 1
) , 3 [ ] 2 , 1 [ is Domain .
27. 2
y
= 2 - 2
x
> 0 ) 0 2 (
y
> Q
1 x 2 2 or 2 2
1 x x
< < >
1 x < <
.
28. 0 y log x x 2 y
2
2 ) 1 x ( x

2
y log 4 1 1
x
2
+ t
But x is positive, so we choose only + sign.

( ) y log 4 1 1
2
1
x
2
+ +
.
29. log
0.3
(x - 1) < log
0.09
(x - 1) log
0.3
(x - 1) <
2
) 3 . 0 (
log (x - 1), x - 1 > 0
log
0.3
(x - 1) <
2
1
log
0.3
(x - 1) 2 log
0.3
(x - 1) - log
0.3
(x - 1) < 0
log
0.3
(x - 1) < 0
x - 1 > (0.3)
0
(
Q
log
a
x is a decreasing function where 0 < a < 1)
x > 2.
30. If f(x) = sin
2
x,
x ) x ( g
, then
| x sin | x sin ) x (sin g )) x ( f ( g
2 2

2 2
) x (sin x sin ) x ( f )) x ( g ( f
which are given. Hence (a) is true.
31. Since 1 + x - [x] > 0 for all
R x
1 ]) x [ x 1 ( f )) x ( g ( f + .
32.
2 x 3 x
) 3 x ( log
) x ( f
2
2
+ +
+
x
2
+ 3x + 2 = 0
(x + 1)(x + 2) = 0 3 x ., e . i 0 3 x and 1 , 2 x > > + .
Domain of f is } 2 , 1 { ~ ) , 3 ( .
33.
1
1 x
x
1 x
x
1 ) x ( f
) x ( f
)) x ( f ( f
1 x
x
) x ( f
+
+
1 x
1 x x
x
x )) x ( f .( f
2

+ +
.
34. x
2
- |x + 2| + x > 0
For 2 x 0 x 2 x x , 2 x
2 2
> > +
) , 2 ( ) 2 , ( x
) , 2 ( ] 2 , 2 [ x ) 2 x ( Q
For x < -2, x
2
+ x + 2 + x > 0
x
2
+ 2x + 2 > 0
(x + 1)
2
+ 1 > 0 whic is true for each x.
) , 2 ( ) 2 , ( x
.
35. ] 3 / 7 , 1 ( is Range
4
3
2
1
x
1
1 ) x ( f
2

+
,
_
+
.

Solutions: Unit - 1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Solutions: Unit - 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

TRIVANDRUM: T.C.No: 5/1703/30, Golf Links Road, Kowdiar Gardens, H.B.

Colony, TVM, 0471-2438271

Hence period of f(x) = L. C. M. of

is defined for all x R. Therefore domain of f(x) is R. Let f(x) =

and y > 0 2 - cos 3x =

f(-x) + f(x) = log

12. Since g(x) = sin x, h(x) = log ) 1 x x (

Clearly f(-x) = g(x) f(x) is even

30. Since f(x) = cos

Period of f(x) is L.C.M. of 1, 1,

) , 1 ( ) 2 , ( x using number line rule as shown in figure.

) 2 , 5 ( x using number line rule as shown in figure.

1 , 0 | x sin | and | x sin |

x > -5 and x - 1 > 0 {as x + 5 > 0}

[neglecting -ve sign as always +ve]

which is true for all

Above shows that f(x) - 1 and

are reciprocal of each other and so are x and 1/x.

is defined for x - 3 > 0 i.e. x > 3

f(x) in (c) is even.

Since 1 x 3 sin 1 1 x 3 sin 1

Domain of given function = ] 2 , 1 [ D D

is 1. Functions in (b) & (c) are

But this is not always true unless

But x is positive, so we choose only + sign.

(x + 1)(x + 2) = 0 3 x ., e . i 0 3 x and 1 , 2 x > > + .

You might also like