Transcription and Transformation

Mrs Neha Srivastava Faculty of Pharmacy Punjab College of Technical Education Ludhiana.

Introduction
DNA Transcription m-RNA Translation Protein The Central Dogma of Life GENOME

Transcription
Transcription on DNA strand. Transcription is selective. RNA polymerase ( factor) Three stages Initiation Elongation Termination

Initiation
Binding of RNA polymerase Promoter region

Pribnow box: TATAAT -35sequnce : TTGACA

Elongation
5 to 3 Differences of RNA polymerase with DNA polymerase.

Termination
dependent termination. Independent termination.

Translation
Biosynthesis of protein Requirement for protein synthesis Amino acid Ribosomes mRNA tRNA Energy source

Translation
Reading of mRNA at ribosome. Polysistronic Activation of amino acid by amino acid tRNA synthetases. Amino acid + ATP + E ---- Amino acid AMP-E + PP. tRNAAmp-E+tRNA--- Amino acid-tRNA + AMP+ E

Assembly of Protein

Regulation of gene expression

Introduction
Adaptation by regulation of gene expression. Pancreas Gene regulation Positive regulation Negative regulation Constitutive genes Inducible genes

The operon
Coordinated unit of gene expression. Lac operon Structure Z- galactosidase Y- galactoside permease A-galactoside acetylase.

Repression and Derepression OF LAC OPERON

Lac repressor Protein bind with O RNA polymerase can not bind Transcription stops Lactose bind with lac Repressor

Tryptophan operon
Structure

Code for three enzymes. Tryptophan act as repressor Protein Tryptopha repressor.