Emily Gong AP English Notes: A Tale of Two Cities Notes: The Two Cities Setting: year 1775, England

d and France Contradicting views and attitudes of the time period: It was the best of times, it was the worst of times England: a place of fervent religious sentiments and a empire about to be shaken by the American Revolution o Prevalent burglaries and waylaying o Farmers could not leave town without taking extreme precaution of insuring their belongings to trusted upholsterers warehouses o Highwaymen---regular citizens and businessman by day---gallantly shot at another thief o Chaos and havoc in jails & counties---the hangman was in constant requisition---recklessly awarding the death penalty to all types of prisoners (the atrocious murderer & the petty thief) France: a failing nation with a plunging economy, with corruption rampant o Its attitude towards citizen: brutal and cruel---sentence a youth to have hands cut off, tongue torn out, and body burn alive because he did not bow to a procession of monks walking sixty yards away The foreboding terror of a revolution: the inhumanity breeds unrest and dramatic change o There were growing trees, when that suffer was put to death, already marked by the Woodman, Fate to come down and be sawn into boards, to make a certain movable framework with a sack and knife in it, terrible in history. --- reference to the guillotine o rude carts, bespattered with rustic mire---the carts which will bear the weight of the dead, the beheaded o worked silently---generally accumulate to the apex of events Rulers neglected the pains & turmoil in their kingdoms & claimed complacency to their divine right despite the unsettling rush of rebellion & unrest Characters Charles Darnay Is French aristocrat who condemn his familys horrific traditions and ways; has disowned his family and their property to live a self-made and prosperous life in England Is first intertwined into the story as a man on trial for treasonaccused by Roger Cly & John Barsard Found innocent by Mr. Strvyer and Sydney Cartons testimony of doubtful identification Is virtuous, considerate, compassionate man who sympathizes with the wronged peasants and abhors his uncles corrupt lifestyle, starving the poor for his own superficial lifestyle

Is garnished with adjectives like sublime, attentive, soul to be stronger than the suna heroic adornment Resembles greatly the countenance of Sydney Carton, though they are polar oppositesCharles: well-natured, courageous, accomplished, and refined; Sydney: drunk, sullen, aloof, and tragically underachieved Visits his uncle, Marquis de Evremonde, the night before his death and discards his property and renounces his aristocratic name; shows the contrast between him and his antecedent=> the diversity of his judgment to his uncles o We have done wrong, and are reaping the fruits of wrong. ---Charles o the family honorparadoxical name to gory and heartless crimes done by the Evremonde family hardworking, intuitive young man who earned his earning from tutoring students French o he had neither expected to walk on pavements of gold, nor lie on beds of roses---a compliment to his diligent personality; willing to work and rely on himself however, he keeps his true identity in secrecydoes not utter it until the day of his and Lucies marriage His humility evident: he vows to never break Lucie from her father, that her marriage to him will only secure the tie between father and child even more: Not to divide with Lucie her privilege as your child, companion, and French; but to come in aid of it, and bind her closer to you, if such a thing can be. His marriage with Lucie prompts a relapse in Doc. ManetteCharles is unaware of this; the reason for the return of his shoemaking behavior is that Charles has told Dr. Manette his true last name: Evremonde, the very people to imprisoned Dr. Manette in the Bastille for many years Forgiving: he quickly accepts Carton as an extended family, when Carton tells him he is no longer hostile to Darnay and dislike him; he assures Lucie later that he will take nothing against Carton His values take him back to France, where he must go to rescue one of his servants, Gabelle, from deathstrongly believes that his deeds of confiscating the property and distributing it among commoners has been noticed and shield him from harm Instead, he is locked up upon his arrival into Paris, escorting to his cell by Monsieur Defarge, who is unyielding & ambivalent to Charles as the Doc.s daugthers husband His compassion as his great weakness: he is overlooked in prison for a year and three months, due to the influence of Dr. Manette Is a great embodiment of love & generosity: he is willing to risk his life to save a servants, who is theoretically inferior to him Is saved by Sydney Carton and is whisk away from France unconscious and under the guise of Sydney Carton, when the real Sydney Carton meets his end Sydney Carton

A wastrel and a pessimistic, sarcastic, and alcoholic Englishman who believes his life worthless & impassive and has tired himself as other peoples laborer hence jackal; a dynamic change within him after his unrequited love for compassionate Lucie Manettegives his life new values and weight with his voluntary sacrifice to preserve the Manette family Is first shown to the reader as a lawyer at Charles Darnays trialwins over the case when he exposes his face to prove the ambiguity of the accusation against Darnay Hardly sober, he invites Charles to dine at a local tavern and mockingly asks him how it must feel to be pitied and seen by Lucie; he hushed out that he dislikes Charles Darnay (possibly out of jealousy) Carton is next seen been approached by Mr. Stryver, the lion striving for prestige and control o that although Sydney Carton would never be a lion, he was an amazingly good jackal, and that he rendered suit and service to Stryver in that humble capacity o Repented his useless path: you were always somewhere and I was always nowhere. o The conversation turns for the worse when Mr. Stryver tries to cheer Carton up by mentioning Lucie; Carton, averse to aggravate himself more over his overflowing love, spats out that she is only a goldenhaired doll (doll--- with looks but no substance) o Wistful of his desolate future w/ no one and nothing to share cries himself to sleep Is well acquainted at the Manettes house, yet is naturally indifferent to Lucie during his visit; he comments however passionately to Lucies remark about footsteps o There is a great crowd bearing down upon us, Miss Manette, and I see them by the LightningAnd I hear them. Here they come, fast, fierce, and furious! o Here: a hint of foreshadowing of their reunion: Perhaps. Perhaps, see the great crowd of people with its rush and roar, bearing down upon them, too. ---they do not share another evening together His impression in the Manette House: He certainly never shone in the house of Doctor Manette. He had been there often, during a whole year, and had always been the same moody and morose lounger there. Has stalked Lucie and walked restlessly around her house and the neighboring paths, strolling off his growing love for herlater comes to her to confess his affection, knows there is no delightful answer awaiting him, and only wishes her to remember his love as a token of his appreciation to her for his change in characterhe will no longer be the profligate, the scum o since I knew you, I have been troubled by a remorse from old voices impelling me upward, that I thought were silent for ever. I have had unformed ideas of striving afresh, beginning a new, shaking off sloth and sensuality, and fighting out the abandoned fight.

o wish you to know with what a sudden mastery you kindled me, heap of ashes that I am into fire---a fire, however inseparable in its nature form myself, quickening nothing, lighting nothing, doing no service, idly burning away. o "My last supplication of all, is this; and with it, I will relieve you of a visitor with whom I well know you have nothing in unison, and between whom and you there is an impassable space. It is useless to say it, I know, but it rises out of my soul. For you, and for any dear to you, I would do anything. If my career were of that better kind that there was any opportunity or capacity of sacrifice in it, I would embrace any sacrifice for you and for those dear to you. Try to hold me in your mind, at some quiet times, as ardent and sincere in this one thing. The time will come, the time will not be long in coming, when new ties will be formed about you--ties that will bind you yet more tenderly and strongly to the home you so adorn--the dearest ties that will ever grace and gladden you. O Miss Manette, when the little picture of a happy father's face looks up in yours, when you see your own bright beauty springing up anew at your feet, think now and then that there is a man who would give his life, to keep a life you love beside you! mysteriously arrives in Paris during Charless second arrest; corners John Barsard with evidence of treason in order for Barsard to cooperate with Sydneys selfless plan o change in Sydney: Miss Pross recalled soon afterwards, and to the end of her life remembered, that as she pressed her hands on Sydneys arm and looked up in his face, imploring him to do no hurt to Solomon, there was a braced purpose in the arm and a kind of inspiration in the eyes, which not only contradicted his light manner, but changed and raise the man. Carton strolls around the eroding neighborhood of France at the night before Darnays second trialsince his arrival in Paris, he has fully anticipated and prepared to switch his life for Lucies happiness; he buys chemicals that, when amalgamated, will emit a smell that doses slumber Keeps repeating these words: I am the resurrection and the life, saith the Lord: he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live: and whosoever liveth and believeth in me, shall never die. He blesses Lucie one last time at the end of Charles Darnays second trail, whispering to her a life you lovesignal and clue to what he may do next---will he die? He rushes back to Mr. Lorry after visiting Defarges wine shop--- persuading Lorry to send the family and himself away next morning from France, for they were in dangerheard at the wineshop Madame Defarge is really to convict themasks Lorry to take his passport w/o any reason Tricks Charles Darnay to swap clothes with him, then dupes Darnay into inhaling sleeping vaporBarsad takes Darnay, disguised as Carton, out of prison---Cartons final show of love to Lucie, true to his words

He comforts and holds hand with a poor seamstress to his deathhe has ensured the Manettes family a wholesome future Doctor Alexander Manette A professional doctor who is caged in the Bastille for 18 years by the Evremonde brothers to prevent him from revealing the truths of their surreptitious acts-raping a girl peasant & murdering her brother Has lose his sanity in the beginning due to his long incarceration; he has resorted to shoemaking when Lucie first meets him in Defarges wineshop The sight of his daughter rejuvenates his spirits and his hopeshe clearly grows stronger with Lucies presence and care He is resurrected from his mental and physical imprisonment by his daughteryet anything that provokes him will cause relapses of his second personalitydistressed when questioned at court about his jail time and Charles Darnays mention of a cell with DIG inscribed on the walls; goes back to his shoe making after knowing Charless true identity, Charless asking permission for his daughters hand, & after his failed attempt to rescue Charles from the guillotine Manette's transformation testifies to the tremendous impact of relationships and experience on life. The strength that he displays while dedicating himself to rescuing Darnay seems to confirm the lesson that Carton learns by the end of the novelthat not only does one's treatment of others play an important role in others' personal development, but also that the very worth of one's life is determined by its impact on the lives of others In Book 3, his incarceration and its experience becomes his strength; he is able to use his reputation and his past as influences to saving Lucies husband, Charleshe finally sees value and grace in his bondage and it no longer torments him as it did beforethere is purpose to what he has endured Is the exemplification of reincarnation and forgivenessat the end, he seeks to protect the man whose family has done him such harm---knows to see Charles as a standing individual and not coerce Charles to bare the villainous reputation of his ancestor: he is not representative of anyone but himself Was captured and fully informed of the Evremonde brothers crimeshe was taken to Madame Defarges sister and brother to cure them is thoroughly horrified by the maltreatment of the peasants family Is revered and respected by all; even the revolutionaries, like Monsieur Defarge, are hesitant to hurt him and disobey his wishes Lucie Manette Is the sacred golden thread in the story, able to revive both her father from mental death and Sydney Carton from a directionless & insolent life Is the symbol of family, great compassion, and loveher striking beauty and gentle personality all appeal and evoke each major characters bravest & brighter sides o Sydney Carton: is willing to devote everything, even his life, to grant Lucie happiness and protection

o Doc. Manette: is able to overcome his mental deterioration with her caressing and fully wiling to put aside his overshadowed personal vendetta towards the Evremonde family for her sake Is a direct contrast to Madame Defargeshe is genteel and empathic; Madame Defarge is cold, vengeful, and bloodthirsty Is the love of Sydney Carton and was fancied also by Mr. Stryver as a suitable wife; is the wife of Charles Darnay Is the lady that all hope to shield from the perils and gory of the French Revolution and of human vicesimpersonates the good moralities of mankindtruth, compassion, and sympathy Was an orphan before finding her jailed fatherrather fragile and weak at first appearance Frequently hears footsteps that enter and exit out of her life Monsieur Ernest Defarge An ex-servant of Doc. Manette and helped orchestrate the start of the French Revolution Shows admirable loyalty to the doctor, which, in effect, slightly counterbalances his thirst for killing and conviction that has engrossed his wife, Madame Defarge Harbors the doctor at his wineshop in the beginning of the story, allow his fellow revolutionaries to see firsthand the destruction done in the hands of the corrupt French aristocracy Is completely opposed to the marquisevidence: throws back the gold coin that Marquis rewards him; displays false sense of tranquility to the Monseigneur when he holds back Gaspard after The Marquis runs over a child Is Jacques Four when under duty However, he is more humane and is not completely driven by vengeance and hatred; he shows times of fatigue and depression for his surreptitious lifestyle-it is a long time. Recoils in front of Madame Defarge, who he fears Lead the peasant on the attack of Bastille, caused the death of a governor Madame Therese Defarge Younger sister of the victimized family who met its destruction in the hands of Evremondes Lives only for retaliation: is willing to do all means of destroying the aristocrat familyeradicate any roots of the Evremonde family; plots in the end to murder Lucie and her daughter Knits out indecipherable symbols that represent the names who have died unfairly or those who are condemned to deathknits in front of Marquis de Evremonde and Lucie and her daughter Utterly ruthlesswill stop at nothing to get what she wants Tell the Wind and the Fire to stop; not me!; nothing to haggle with her; she will do all that she can for her notorious, murderous wishes to come true

Plots with Jacques Three and the Vengeance to accuse Lucie of plotting with prisoners by signaling to them when she waits near the wood-sawyer shop But the Evremonde people are to be exterminated, and the wife and child must follow the husband and father. There were many women at that time, upon whom the time laid a dreadfully disfiguring hand; but, there was not one among them more to be dreaded than this ruthless woman, now taking her way along the streets. Of a strong and fearless character, of shrewd sense and readiness, of great determination, of that kind of beauty which not only seems to impart to its possessor firmness and animosity, but to strike into others an instinctive recognition of those qualities; the troubled time would have heaved her up, under any circumstances. But, imbued from her childhood with a brooding sense of wrong, and an inveterate hatred of a class, opportunity had developed her into a tigress. She was absolutely without pity. If she had ever had the virtue in her, it had quite gone out of her. It was nothing to her, that an innocent man was to die for the sins of his forefathers; she saw, not him, but them. It was nothing to her, that his wife was to be made a widow and his daughter an orphan; that was insufficient punishment, because they were her natural enemies and her prey, and as such had no right to live. To appeal to her, was made hopeless by her having no sense of pity, even for herself. If she had been laid low in the streets, in any of the many encounters in which she had been engaged, she would not have pitied herself; nor, if she had been ordered to the axe to-morrow, would she have gone to it with any softer feeling than a fierce desire to change places with the man who sent her there. Jarvis Lorry business-oriental bachelor with an affectionate heart and good morals first brought to attention in Chp. 2, where he is one of three passengers on the Dover mail carriage his travels introduces to readers the truculent & uncertain times the characters live in; the carriage ride- no one trusts the other; there is an ubiquitous existence of suspicion & a fear of assaultDickens does so through portrayal of horses & creating murky atmosphere usual genial position that the guard suspected eh passengers, the passengers suspected one another, and the guard, they all suspected everybody else, and the coachman was sure of nothing but the horses belongs to the Tellsons Bank & leaves Jerry with the message, Recalled to Life later exposed to be related to Doctors Manette release from imprisonment is greatly troubled by the deteriorating physical and mental conditions of Doc. ManetteChp. 3 reverberates the eerie dialogue between him & ManetteBuried how long? Almost eighteen years. You had abandoned al hope to being dug out? Long ago. You know that you are recalled to life? They tell me so. I hope you care to live? I cant say. Shall I show her to you? Will you come and see her? orderly & methodical---everything in his prediction and according to schedule

Description: Very orderly and methodical he looked, with a hand on each knee, and a loud watch ticking a sonorous sermon under his flapped waistcoathe had a good leg. His shoes and buckles were trim. He wore an odd little sleek crisp flaxen wig. His linen was as white as the tops of waves that broke upon the neighboring beachvery pernicious shelters himself from disturbing thoughts and awkward situations with business---business is the neutral ground where everything sways according to pattern & convention o faces Ms. Manettes problem with a mechanized toneI am a man of business. I have a business charge to acquit myself of. I your reception o fit, dont heed me any more than if I was a speaking machine. o In providing information on Dc. Manettein the banking business we usually call our connection our customers o And you will see how truly I spoke of myself just now, in saying I had no feelings, and that all the relations I hold with my fellow creature are mere business relations, when you reflect that I have never seen you since Feelings! I have no time for them, no chance of them. o A matter of business. Regard it as a matter of business---business that must be done. o A-a matter of business. You confuse me, and how can I transact business if I am confused? Let us be clear-headed. If you could kind mention now, for instance, what nine times ninepence are, or how many shillings in twenty guineas, it would be so encouraging. I should be so much more at my easy about your state of mind. replies to Lucies disperse of agony & fear o His gesture---hard, indifferent, swiftDickens wastes no adjectives in protruding the absence of grace and emotion in Lorrys behaviors a show of loyalty--- he journeys with his ex-masters daughter for their meeting; also he later pleads Stryver to first allow him to ask Lucie if she would want to marry Stryver (a responsibility and strong affections towards the Manettes) He is a witness to the trial of Charles Darnay in Britainhe sees both Roger Cly & John Barsad/Solomon Pross, later known as pronounced spies for the French He proves himself a dear friend of the Manettes when Dr. Manette relapse into his alter-personality as a shoemakerhe waits nine nights, overseeing the doctors conditionin the end, he purposely demolishes his shoemaking pieces, indirectly murdering his alter-ego=proving he is not merely just a man of business as he proclaimsthe Manettes have soften him from a machine into a human being His devotion to Tellsons Bank is again shone through during the French Revolution, when it is dangerous to enter Parishowever, he is firm about saving the documents and concluding Tellsons Bank affairs in France

He cares greatly about the bankconcludes that he cannot shelter Lucie and her family from the French peasants in the bank, as her stay might jeopardize the bankhe relocates them in a secure place near his home He escapes at the end with the Manettes, as planned by Sydneyhe takes Sydneys English passport and Dr. Manettes certificate of leaving w/o much questioning and successfully flees with the family, unknowing that Sydney has substituted Charles at the guillotine Jerry Cruncher A messenger man for the Tellsons Bank who has a night job as a Resurrection man An extremely suspicious man who claims that his wife must be plotting against him with God as her weapon every time she prays o Worth no more than thatthey aint worth much then. Whether or no, I wont be prayed again, I tell you. I cant afford it. Im not a going to be made unlucky by your sneaking. If you must go flopping yourself down, flop in favor of your husband and child and no in opposition to em. If I had had any but a unatral wife, and this poor had had any but a unnatral mother, I might have made some money last week instead of being counter-prayed and countermined and religious curcumwented into the worst to luck. Buuust me! o is dreadfully afraid of the message recalled to lifemuch of that wouldnt do for you, Jerry! I say, Jerry! Youd be in a Blazing bad way, if recalling to life was to come into fashion, Jerry! is struck and fearful of God, due to his sacrilegious job as a resurrection man is discovered by young Jerry that his father excavates the dead, but instead of being appalled, the sons infinite admiration of his father blinds him into accepting his fathers side job as potential future occupationhe sees nothing wrong with it hands are often covered with rust from his exhuming visits to the cemetery he provides heavy evidence during Cartons interrogation of Barsad that Cly, another British spy, was not buried in his coffin views him as, ironically, an honest tradesman Miss Pross British housemaid who is superfluously loyal to Lucie Manette; sister of wicked Solomon Pross Seen as wild, red-haired, but these description deeply contrast with her affectionate and reflective nature Is the ultimate counterpart of Madame Defarge; Pross attempts everything to protect her Ladybird vs. Defarge manipulates everything (the wood sawyers words) to destroy her Pross even forfeits her chance of escape with Jerry Cruncher, dreading the possibility of rising suspicions if two carriages left the same house If those eyes of yours [Madame Defarges] were bed winchesand I was an English four-poster, they shouldnt loose a splinter of me. No, you wicked foreign woman; I am your match.

 Goes deaf after killing Madame Defarge in self-defense love conquers all Monseigneur a.k.a. Marquis Evremonde Is the evil uncle of Charles Darnay who is nonchalant of Frenchs abrading harmony and indignant towards the French peasants, measuring their worth to be lower than his horses Lives in extravagant lifestyle with a contentious air o Yes, it took four men, all four ablaze with gorgeous decoration, and the Chief of them unable to exist with fewer than two gold watches in his pocket, emulative of the noble and chaste fashion set by Monseinguer to conduct the happy chocolate to Monseigneurs lips the excessive lifestyle that the aristocrats abuse while commoners in France are plague with --hunger was pushed out of the tall house, in the wretched clothing that hung upon poles and lines; Hunger was repeated in every fragment of the small modicum of firewood that the man sawed off: hanger started down from the smokeless chimneys, and started up from the filthy street that had no offal, among it refuses, of anything to eat. o Lives with opera, with servants, and surrounded by men of little use and knowledge and embellished with clothes masked with superfluous jewels and linens Is completely unsympathetic and holds with great disdain of the French peasantssees their lives valueless and wasted o It is extraordinary to methat you people cannot take care of yourselves and your children. One or the other of you is for ever in the way. How do I know what injury you have done my horses. See! o pays the father of the trampled child a gold coin, as if the childs life is tolled on a small price o when Defarge comforts Gaspard, Marquis fondly approves of his comment that the child was better dead than alivehe believes that the extermination of all peasantry is hygienic; all of them are worth more dead than alive o You dogs! I would ride over any of you very willingly, and exterminate your from the earth. o Shuns off a woman with a petition to mark her husbands gravedoes not care for any type of comfort to those who are below him Refers to all the laborers as some sort of animal: complete disregard of them as human beings pig and dog Sees him ultimately superior, the lack of acknowledgement that his detested practices will bring him any danger o Let us hope soDetestation of the high is the involuntary homage of the low. o Repression is the only lasting philosophy. The dark deference of fear and slavery, my friend, will keep the dogs obedient to the whip, as long as this roof shuts out the sky. He dies with a knife stabbed into his heart and attached to the knife was a message drive him fast to his tomb. This, from Jacques.

He is a venomous character; he raped Madame Defarges older sister for his pleasure and killed her brother, resentful that he had crossed hands with a peasant Mr. Stryver An arrogant, insensible lawyer who hunts for top society; has few etiquettes and is contentious Is limited in skill and performance and highly depends on his partner, the jackal Sydney Carton for research and argumentshe is the lion Believes that Lucie would once marry him because he was position, money, and healthdoes not acquire much about romance and love into the matter of marriage Is defiant as he abashes Lucie for her rejection of his marriage proposal reverting the whole situation to his advantage, claiming that she was the one seeking for his hand, that he was at no fault and felt Lucie as ineligible for his standard The polite rejection of the three lumps of bread-and-cheese had quite bloated Mr. Stryver with indignation, which he afterwards turned to account in the training of the young gentlemen, by direction them to bewared of the pride of Beggars, like that tutor-fellow. He was also in the habit of declaiming to Mrs. Stryver, over his full-bodied wine on the Arts Mrs. Darnay had once put in practice to catch him, and on the diamond-cut-diamond arts in himself, madam which had rendered him not to be caught. John Barsad/Solomon Pross a British spy turned French spy who helps Carton with Darnays escape plan he is the turnkey he is also the disloyal brother of Miss Pross, leaving her once bankrupted and lost testified in the beginning against Charles Darnay for being a adversary of the British Roger Cly also a British spy who feigned death to escape from England is recognized by Carton during his mysterious arrival in France during Charles Darnays second arrest Gabelle Darnays French servant who supervised the distribution of the royal property to the peasants and whose arrest prompts Charles Darnays imperious decision for an urgent return to turbulent France Gaspard A Jacque who kills Marquis de Evremonde for running over his child and is later executed for his crime Jacques Introduced 5 Jacques, which Monsieur Defarge as Jacques Four Are code names for revolutionaries at the wine shop Jacques Three---breeds chaos, is described as cannibala lust for bloodshed The Vengeance:

The closest friend and ally of Madame Defarge Is ruthless and relentless for slaughter and sabotage; has a swelling enmity towards the aristocracy equal to that of Madame Defarge May be an alter-ego of Madame Defarge Shows the level of animosity within Madame Defarge to befriend and favor such people

Important Scenes: Recalled to Life Reunion between Lucie & Doc. Manette: o Dr. Manette--- a gloomy and death-like depiction of him, craving over finishing shoes o Recalled to Life---the life free from 18 years of imprisonment and maltreatment; released into a life anewDr. Manette The Wine shop Scene: o Wine=blood o Is a scene foreshadowing the ceaseless thirst of the French peasantry of murder, gore, and bloodshedsetting in motion the destitution of the French system and the cruelty and dichotomy of wealth o All the people within reach had suspended their business, or their idleness, to run to the spot and drink the wine. The Golden Thread The Case against Charles Darnay: o Exposes the ambivalence of justice and trust within the English system; the intolerance of fairness and compassion is penitent to both England and France o The jury trust two disloyal spies over a genuinely true and kind-spirited Frenchmanreversal of what the justice system and conscience should really add up to o The sort of interest with which this man was stared and breathed at, was not a sort that elevated humanity. Had he stood in peril of a less horrible sentencehad there been a chance of any one of its savage details being sparedby just so much would he have lost in his fascination.the rusting token of charity and modesty giving way to a satisfaction for pain and death Monseigneurs carriage accident: o Evident here that the aristocracy discredit the peasantry as completely diffident creatures that must serve their will o Monseigneur sees his horses are more valuable than a human childs life o Monsieur the Marquis leaned back in his seat, and was just being driven away with the air of a gentleman who had accidentally broke some common thing, and had paid for it and could afford to pay for it o first confrontation between the royals and the reckless revolutionaries like the Defarges The Conversation b/w Darnay & Marquis: o a point of contrast between Darnay and Marquiss values and beliefs

o Darnay: sees the faults of his antecedents and communicates his guilt to his uncle o Marquis: he will live the way that his ancestor did before; believes that there are people who are inevitably above others Sydney Cartons Confession to Lucie Manette: o A turning point of Sydneys character and the beginning of his transformation o Gives Lucie his blessing that he will do whatever it takes to fulfill her happiness Comparison b/w Mr. Stryver & Sydney Carton: (love for Lucie) o Mr. Stryver is contemptuoushe only fancies Lucie for her beauty and sees her as a good companion; does not truly love herdiscredits Lucie as a charming and well natured woman after she rejects him; bloating pride and insolence o Sydneywilling to go far and beyond his ability to grant her happiness and joytrue love for a ladysacrifices his life for her marriage and family The Resurrection Men/ Honest Tradesman: o Jerry Cruncherresurrecting the dead bodies to surgeons The Rendezvous of the Five Jacques: o Discuss the gruesome details of Gaspards capture and execution o The hatred boiling between the revolutionaries The looks of all of them were dark, repressed, and revengeful, as they listened to the countrymans story; the manner of all of them, while it was secret, was authoritative too. Madame Defarges Rose & Knitting: o Rose a symbol of love; however, here it is a sign of grave warning of prosecution and then death o Rose in the hair of a cold-hearted and loveless ladyirony The Fall of the Bastille: o Monsieur Defarge finds Alexander Manettes letter The Track of a Storm Capture of Charles Darnay: (the prisoners behaviors & Monsieur Defarges) o Those imprisoned were calm and genteel, in contrast to Monsieur Defarges impassionate and nonchalant manner The Meeting b/w Madame Defarge & Lucie o Madame Defarges pitiless character vs. Lucies gratitude and momentous compassion o That was all the writing. It was so much, however, to her who received it, that she turned from Defarge to his wife, and kissed one of the hands that knitted. It was a passionate, loving thankful, womanly action, but the hand made no responsedropped cold and heavy and took it its knitting again. Symbols & Themes:

Shoemaking: refuge from reality; ensnaring Knitting: Defarges method of denouncement Echoes of Footsteps: foreshadowing device for the upcoming chaos and delusion for the Family o First spoken of by Lucie in England of imagine[ing] them the footsteps of the people who are to come into my life, and my fathers o In chp. Echoing Footsteps, footsteps are the main topic; the contrast of previous benevolent people who had constituted Lucies English life (the death of her son, the treads of Sydney and Mr. Stryver) to the thundering approach of the Fall of the Bastille o Now, Heaven defeat the fancy of Lucie Darnay, and keep these feet far out of her life1 For, they are headlong, mad and dangerous, and in the years so long after the breaking of the cask at Defarges wine-shop door, they are not easily purified when once stained red. Wine/Blood: thirst for violence, destruction, and starvation for murder and chaos Guillotine: symbol of condemnation and damnation; the representation of the corruption and recklessness of the French peasantry Flies: the aristocrats Resurrection: redemption and rebirthDr. Manette and Sydney Carton (metaphorically); Jerry Cruncher (literally) Duality: England vs. France, Sydney Carton vs. Charles Darnay, Miss Pross vs. Madame Defarge Social Injustice: the dehumanizing treatment of the French peasantry under the control of the aristocrats; the biased and corrupt execution of thousands under the Republicseamstress with Darnay, wrongly accused of plotting Protection of Family: Sydney Cartons death for the preservation of the Manette-Darnays family