13.

2 Alcohols
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Features

-OH functional group

-ol

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Types of alcohol

Depend on the position of the -OH

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1. Primary

End of chain

Ethanol
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2. Secondary

Middle of chain

Butan-2-ol

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3. Tertiary

Attached to a carbon atom with no H atoms

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-OH

carbonyl group (C=O)

2 Hydrogen atoms are removed

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Oxidation of Alcohols

The OH group can be oxidised using potassium dichromate(VI) (K2Cr207) -OH Cr2O7 Orange
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carbonyl group (C=O) Cr2+ Green

Conditions

Heat under reflux Acidified potassium (or sodium) dichromate (VI) solution

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The Products of Oxidation

Depends on type of alcohol

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1. Primary

Aldehyde Carboxylic acid

Orange---- green

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Getting the aldehyde in situ

Can be distilled

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2. Secondary

Ketone No further oxidation

Orange--- green
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3. Tertiary

DO NOT undergo oxidation

NO OXIDATION
NO H atom on carbon for OH to attach Stays orange

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Dehydration of Alcohols

Lose water Produce

alkene

Alcohol--- lose H20--- alkene

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Is an elimination reaction: Small molecule removed from large one Leaves unsaturated molecule

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Conditions

Al203 catalyst 300C 1 atm Reflux conc. Sulfuric acid

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