Laboratory: Axial Flow Fan.

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AXIAL FLOW FAN TEST
1. Object
1.1 To study the perIormance characteristics oI an axial Ilow Ian.
1.2 To present the data in dimensionless Iorm and compare with data recorded at diIIerent Ian
speeds.
2. Apparatus
2.1 Keith Blackman Ltd. 405mm diameter Tornado two stage axial Ilow Ian driven by a torque
reaction variable speed DC electric motor.
2.2 Damped torque arm Iorce balance.
2.3 Discharge tube, 405 mm diameter, Iitted with adjustable discharge dampers.
2.4 Pitot tube and manometers set in accordance with:
BS 848 Part 1 (1963) Method oI Testing Fans
2.5 Tachometer.

Figure 1: Experimental Apparatus
3. Procedure
3.1 Record barometric pressure and temperature.
3.2 Start motor with discharge dampers Iully open. Run up to test speed slowly.
3.3 For reducing damper positions record;
3.3.1 static heads and velocity heads at the indicated positions,
3.3.2 motor speed and load
3.4 Repeat 3.3 at the same constant motor speed Ior at least 10 diIIerent damper positions. It is
desirable to take more readings in the stall region due to the irregularities in perIormance as
Balance
Motor Pitot Tube
Static Head
Manometer
Velocity Head
Manometer
Adjustable Dampers
Fan
Laboratory: Axial Flow Fan.doc
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a result oI impeller blade stall (indicated by the increase in shaIt power and the position oI
the tell-tale thread).
4. Observed Results
4.1 See attached sheet
5. Theory
5.1 Air density; using manometer reading
air air
Hg Hg
air air
air
air
T R
gh
T R
P

= =
5.2 Average Static Pressure
s water s
n
s s
h g p
h
n
h
~
~
1 ~
1
=
=


5.3 Velocity at a point in the test section
air
u water
gh
u

2
=
5.4 Average velocity

=
n
u
n
u
1
1
~

5.5 Average Velocity Pressure
2
~
~
2
u
p
air
u

=
5.6 Total Pressure
u s t
p p p
~ ~
+ =
5.7 Air Flow Rate
A u Q
~
=
5.8 Total Air Power
Q p W
t air
=

5.9 ShaIt Power
te =
shaft
W

5.10 Fan Total EIIiciency
shaft
air
W
W

= q
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2 3
Plot , , against Ior each Ianspeed
p W Q
N N N
q

5.11 Non Dimensional Parameters
For a Ian it can be shown that the non dimensional parameters are:

For a given Ian running at diIIerent speeds in the same Iluid then , , , D g are constant and the
characteristic power, Ilow and head parameters can be compared using:

6. Calculated Results
6.1 See attached sheet
7. Graphical Presentation
7.1 Plot Ian total pressure against air Ilow Ior each Ian speed and superimpose lines oI constant
eIIiciency
7.2 Plot shaIt power against air Ilow Ior each Ian speed
7.3

8. Discussion (full report only)
8.1 Discuss the Ian characteristics determined. Explain surge and stall and how it aIIects the Ian
perIormance. Comment on the correlation oI the test data presented non dimensionally.
Comment on the experimental errors and how they might be reduced.
9. Conclusions
9.1 BrieI statement to satisIy the objectives.
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | | m/s velocity m/s constant al graviation m head
m/s Ilowrate kg/ms viscosity Iluid m diameter
|N/m| pressure rad/s speed kg/m density W power
= = =
= = =
= = = =
J g H
Q D
p N W

2 2 2 2 3
5 3
t coeIIicien Head , t coeIIicien Flow
number Reynolds Re , t coeIIicien Power
D N
p
D N
gH
ND
Q
JD
D N
W
P

= = = = =
= = = =

3 2
, ,
N
W
N
p
N
Q

Laboratory: Axial Flow Fan.doc
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OBSERVED RESULTS
Barometric pressure mm Hg
Ambient temperature C
Motor speed rev/min
Torque arm Iength m

Damper position
BaIance reading (N)
1
2
3
4
5
Static pressure (mm H2O)

Static head coefficient



6
1
2
3
4
5
Dynamic pressure (mm H2O)

Dynamic head coefficient



6

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CALCULATED RESULTS
Air density kg/m
Rotor speed rev/min
Rotor speed rad/s

Damper position
BaIance reading (N)
Average static pressure (mm H2O)
Average static pressure (N/m)
1
2
3
4
5
LocaI veIocities (m/s)
6
Average veIocity (m/s)
Average veIocity pressure (N/m)
TotaI pressure (N/m)
Air fIow rate (m/s)
TotaI air power (W)
Shaft Power (W)
Fan totaI efficiency (%)
Q/N (x 1e4)
W/N (x 1e6)
P/N (x 1e4)

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RESULTS FROM TESTS AT DIFFERENT SPEEDS
Speed 2200 rev/min 230 rad/s
Air fIow rate (m/s) 0.44 0.52 0.60 0.71 0.85 1.01 1.11 1.19 1.36 1.49 1.57
Shaft Power (W) 1137 1046 983 948 997 1067 1067 1074 990 906 835
TotaI pressure (N/m) 650 596 550 533 558 585 575 542 445 346 268
Fan totaI efficiency (%) 25 29.4 33.7 39.8 47.6 55.1 59.8 60 60.8 56.9 50.5
Q/N (x 1e4) 19.03 22.43 26.19 30.75 36.97 43.62 48.22 51.70 58.81 64.57 68.22
W/N (x 1e6) 23.31 25.17 27.14 30.87 38.87 48.07 52.22 52.75 49.30 42.15 34.49
P/N (x 1e4) 122.50 112.23 103.63 100.40 105.15 110.19 108.29 102.04 83.82 65.28 50.55

Speed 2700 rev/min 283 rad/s
Air fIow rate (m/s) 0.36 0.52 0.62 0.73 0.86 1.06 1.24 1.37 1.42 1.67 1.86 1.92
Shaft Power (W) 2251.6 1911.6 1773.6 1687.5 1636 1733 1885.6 1894.2 1894.2 1756.4 1575.6 1481
TotaI pressure (N/m) 1161 952 872 815 790 840 886 857 835 676 505 403
Fan totaI efficiency (%) 18.4 25.9 30.5 35 41.8 51.6 58.1 62 62.3 64.1 59.4 55.2
Q/N (x 1e4) 12.63 18.24 21.96 25.69 30.59 37.42 43.71 48.45 50.07 58.95 65.65 67.96
W/N (x 1e6) 18.34 21.72 23.96 26.18 30.24 39.31 48.47 51.97 52.29 49.82 41.46 34.26
P/N (x 1e4) 145.27 119.08 109.09 101.91 98.87 105.04 110.87 107.25 104.43 84.52 63.16 50.41