A SEMINAR ON MODES AND MECHANISMS OF FAILURE BY B. V. S. RAGHU VAMSI (II SEMESTER M.

TECH) 112101206

STRESS ANALYSIS AND VIBRATIONS DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED MECHANICS MAULANA AZAD NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BHOPAL

ABSTRACT
Every structural member before being subjected to external

loading, it contains residual stresses or discontinuities which will

effect its mechanical properties. They will reduce the strength of the member leading to its sudden failure. In this presentation, we

will discuss the various occurrences of failure and its mechanisms.

COMMON CAUSES OF FAILURE

Yielding

Buckling
Fatigue Fracture

Creep
Thermal shock Impact Wear Environmental degradation

MODES OF MECHANICAL FAILURE

Failure by elastic instability (Buckling)

Failure by excessively large elastic deformations (Jamming)

Failure by gross plastic deformation (Yielding) Failure by tensile instability (Necking) Failure by fast fracture (Cracking)

OCCURRENCE OF FRACTURE

Fracture occurs when the strength of a member under loading is less than the yield strength because of localized yielding.

At the atomistic level, the fracture occurs over the regions whose dimensions are of the order of the atomic spacing (10-8 inches).

At the microscopic and macroscopic levels, fracture results from the passage of a crack through a region of material. Type of fracture is characterized by the type of crack responsible for the fracture.

MECHANISMS OF FRACTURE
At atomistic level
Cleavage
Shear

At macroscopic level and microscopic level (Types of fracture)

Cleavage Shear Cup

fracture

rupture

cone fracture

ATOMISTIC LEVEL OF FRACTURE

Fracture viewed at the atomistic level in terms of breaking of atomic bonds (a) Cleavage (b) Shear

CLEAVAGE - ON MICROSCOPIC LEVEL

SHEAR RUPTURE

CUP CONE FRACTURE IN TENSILE SPECIMEN

PROPERTIES CONTROLLING THE MODES OF FAILURE

S.NO 1 2 3 MODE OF FAILURE Buckling or Jamming Yielding Crack Propagation CONTROL Elastic Modulus Yield Stress Fracture Toughness

CONCLUSION
By knowing the cause and mode of failure of a structural

member with the underlying mechanism, one can design the

system with great resistance to failure thereby increasing the life of the member under various load conditions.

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