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4.
4.1.1
fluid
4.1.1 HART
reader
2
reader
3
RL1
R1
RL2
R2
RL3
R3
i(t) = 0, 4..20 mA
The transducer limits the current to a value between 4 mA and 20 mA, proportional to the measured value, while 0 mA signals an error (wire break) The voltage drop along the cable and the number of readers induces no error. Simple devices are powered directly by the residual current (4mA) allowing to transmit signal and power through a single pair of wires.
Industrial Automation 4
4.1.1 HART
4.1.2 HART
Data over 4..20 mA loops
Practically all 4..20mA devices come equipped with HART today About 15 Mio devices are installed worldwide.
more info:
http://www.hartcomm.org/ http://www.thehartbook.com/default.htm
HART - Principle HART (Highway Addressable Remote Transducer) was developed by Fisher-Rosemount to retrofit 4-to-20mA current loop transducers with digital data communication. HART modulates the 4-20mA current with a low-level frequency-shift-keyed (FSK) sine-wave signal, without affecting the average analogue signal. HART uses low frequencies (1200Hz and 2200 Hz) to deal with poor cabling, its rate is 1200 Bd - but sufficient. HART uses Bell 202 modem technology, ADSL technology was not available in 1989, at the time HART was designed
Industrial Automation
4.1.1 HART
Installation
multidrop
Industrial Automation
4.1.1 HART
http://www.fint.no/ha-i4012.pdf
The round card is a standardized printed circuit board that can be mounted in an instrument, containing the modem, a processor, RAM, EPROM and all the logic and software necessary to execute the HART protocol. It is round because most hydraulic instruments have a round case.
Industrial Automation
4.1.1 HART
HART - Protocol Hart communicates point-to-point, under the control of a master, e.g. a hand-held device Master
Request
Slave
Indication
time-out
Response Confirmation
Industrial Automation
4.1.1 HART
HART - Commands
Common practice (optional) time constants, range, EEPROM control, diagnostics, total 44 standard commands Transducer-specific (user-defined) calibration data, trimming,
Industrial Automation 10
4.1.1 HART
Industrial Automation
11
4.1.1 HART
Device Description
Also known as Device Description Language (DDL) or eDDL (electronic Device Description Language), electronic frontplate (Elektronisches Typenschild, plaque lectronique))
Industrial Automation
12
4.1.1 HART
Device access
device volumetric flow rate type FlowPro manufacturer ABB volumetric flow rate 3 cm2 cross sectional area: pipe inside diameter velocity diff. pressure density 2 cm
field device
SCADA
network adapter
handheld device
modem
13.32
9.8
0.8
Industrial Automation
13
4.1.1 HART
Device Description Language Device Description Language DDL allows a field device (slave) product developer to create a description of his instrument and all relevant characteristics, such that it can be represented in any host (master) device. The objective is common look-and-feel, independent of the hand-help or SCADA, similar to HTML for a web server.
Why not use HTML ? special instructions needed ! (C-like language is used)
Industrial Automation
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4.1.1 HART
Device Description usage DDL Source File DDL Compiler "tokenizer" DDL Binary binary file DDL Service Library Host Device A binary form of the source is stored in the hand-help device (could also be downloaded from the field device)
Industrial Automation 15
Device Specification
4.1.1 HART
Assessment
What is the purpose of the HART protocol ? Which communication is used between a hand-help and a field device ? Which categories of commands do exist ? What is the purpose of the Device Description Language ?
Industrial Automation
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4.1.1 HART