Foundation Fieldbus Technology

CONTENT
Close Loop Control . Definitions . Control Systems History . What is fieldbus and Fieldbus ? Fieldbus technology . Fieldbus insallation rulls
(some major cares) .

Fieldbus benefits .

SP PV

SP

Controller Mind

Hand Valve
Transmitter Eyes

Process Level
PV

PV

Definitions
3 to 15 psi 4 to 20 mA 3 to 15 psi 4 to 20 mA

One-way signals

Analog
Electrical Signal

Pneumatic
Air Signal

Definitions

Digital Control System

Programmable Logic CONTROLLER Controller (PLC)

4 to 20 mA signals
4 to 20 mA signals

One-way signal

Definitions

Distributed Conrol System (DCS)

Manufacture PLC A 1 Manufacture PLC B 2 Manufacture PLC C 3 Manufacture PLC D 4

One-way signal

Introduction
Fieldbus is the next major technology transition in plant automation.
Dominant Technology

Pneumatic

Analog

Digital

Fieldbus

1940

1960

1980

2000

Time

What is fieldbus ?

Its a standard. fieldbus provides two-way, multi-drop digital communication between devices on the plant floor as well as the automation and display systems. Thus, fieldbus is essentially a Local Area Network (LAN) for field devices.

Fieldbus History

The technology of Fieldbus began to evolve in August of 1984 when the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and The International Society for Measurement and Control (ISA) met to initiate work on a new international standard. Their objectives and requirements were presented in a Draft Report issued three years later, in September of 1987. The final specification for H1 was published in August of 1996. Testing of the H2 specification was suspended in March of 1998 .

fieldbus results :

HART PROFIBUS

Europian Technology American Technology We shall use Fieldbus with a capital F as shorthand for FOUNDATION Fieldbus.

FOUNDATION FIELDBUS

High-way Addressable Remote Transducer (HART)

Simultaneous 4 to 20 mA + Digital Communication

Foster significant innovation in process instrumentation capabilities . Process value added with more datas such as process parameters , device configuration , calibration values and diagnostics information . So , devices called SMART . Devices are compatible with Traditional Conrol .

Use the Bell 202 Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) standard to superimpose digital communication signals .

A logical 1 is represented by a frequancy of 1200 Hz and logical 0is represented by a frequancy of 2200 Hz

Signal in HART Protocol

HHC can see devices that produced by another supplier!!!

Device Description provides Introperability

The Device Description (DD) includes all of the information needed by a host application to fully communicate with the field device. Device Description Language (DDL) is used to write the DD files . TheDD identifies which common practice commands are supported as well as the format and structure of all device-specific commands. A DD for a HART field device is roughly equivalent to a printer driver for a computer. DDs eliminate the need for host suppliers to develop and support custom interfaces and drivers .

Profibus result : The German-French fieldbus war

Research projects had still a strongly academic background as well as many proprietary developments . The most promising results were French FIP and German PROFIBUS . Both were soon standardized on the respective national level and finally proposed to the IEC for international standardization .

Profibus result : The German-French fieldbus war

Unfortunately , the approaches of the two systems were completely different . PROFIBUS was based on a distributed control idea and in its original form supported an object-oriented vertical communication . FIP was designed with a central , but strietly real-time capable control scheme and with the newly developed producerconsumer model for horizontal communication .

Profibus result : The German-French fieldbus war

Evidently , a universal fieldbus had to combine the benefits of both , so an expert group came up with a new proposal . ISP (Interoperable System Project) In an extension of FIP toward WorldFIP , the functionality of the client-server model was added . ISP attempted to demonstrate how PROFIBUS could be enhanced with the publisher-subscriber communication model which is about the same as producerconsumer model of FIP .

Profibus result : The German-French fieldbus war

Strange enough , the ISP was abandoned in 1994 before reaching a mature state because of strategic reasons . In 1995 , after long years of struggles between German and French expert to combine , several mainly American companies decided to no longer watch the endless discussions .

Profibus result : The German-French fieldbus war

With the end of ISPproject , they began the definition of a new fieldbus optimized for the process industry : the Foundation Fieldbus (FF) .

TCP/IP or OSI MODEL

Fieldbus Network :
10Mbps

It is a Bridge
31.25Kbps

CONTROL IN THE FIELD DEVICES !!!

DCS

FCS

CONTROLLER

FIELDBUS

FIELDBUS

EXPANDED VIEW
DCS FCS

CONTROLLER I/O SUBSYSTEM

FIELDBUS

TRADITIONAL 4-20 mA VIEW STOPS AT I/O SUBSYSTEM FIELDBUS VIEW EXTENDS INTO INSTRUMENTS

DATA QUALITY AND RELIABILITY

DCS FCS

15,3 mA

TAG =LIC-012 VALUE =70.34 UNIT =M3 STATUS=GOOD ALARM = Y/N

TRANSMITTER

TRANSMITTER

Lots of informations in 1 Pair + Calibration , Diagnostics , etc .

Increased Information
Management Information Control Information

DCS: sufficient control information but insufficient management information.

FCS: slight increase in control information. Vast increase in management information

Field Control System

CONTROL IN THE FIELD DEVICES !!!
What do in need for that?

We need Function Blocks in the Devices!!!

Advanced PID With SYSTEM302, we can have around 17 Types of Analog Alarm Function Blocks per Device. Analog Input Arithmetic Characterization Constant Density Input Selector Integrator Lead Lag Output Signal Selector and Dynamic Limiter PID Set Point Generator Splitter Timer / Logic

And the Flexibility to choose one Type as many times as necessary, up to 20 Function Blocks per Device

Flexibility to choose and put Function Block

Flexibility to choose between many architectures to suit your requirements, now and in the future.
PID PID AI PID AI PID AI AO AO

AI

OPEN SYSTEM

I/O

I/O

4 x H1 FIELDBUS H1

IEC 1131-3 IEEE 802.3 (ETHERNET) ISO 8802/3 (ETHERNET)

TCP/IP, UDP/IP
RAS MFC ODBC
I/O I/O

ISA SP-50 ISA SP-88 WIN32

4 x H1 FIELDBUS H1

H1 PHYSICAL LAYER Specifications

The FOUNDATION fieldbus H1 Physical Layer is an approved IEC and ISA Standard (IEC 1158-2, Part 2; and ISA-S50.02, Part 2). The standards include provisions for twisted-pair wire, providing a communication medium of 31.25 kbit/s. The bus can either be powered or non-powered, and can be used in intrinsically-safe applications. The twisted pair cable (Type A) can be run up to 1900 meters without a repeater.

Fiber optic cable also running at 31.25 kbit/s.

COMMUNICATION STACK Specifications

The Communication Stack supports three types of communication.

Client/Server model of unscheduled request/response is used for communication between hosts and devices. The Publisher/Subscriber model of scheduled data acquisition is used for linking inputs and outputs to allow cyclic transfer of control loop data between devices. The Event Notification or Unscheduled Multicast (Broadcast) is used for alarming and trending.

Communications are managed by the Link Active Scheduler (LAS) which can reside in a field device, host system, or both locations.

Data Link Layer Services

TECHNOLOGY

Layer 2 , the Data Link Layer (DLL) controls transmission of massages onto the Physical Layer . The DLL manage access to the Fieldbus through a deterministic centalized bus scheduler called the Link Active Scheduler (LAS) .

Link Active Scheduler

The LAS maintains the time synchronization, handles the Live List of communicating devices, and manages token passing. Bridge become the LAS . LAS control Scheduled and Unscheduled Communication .

Scheduled Communication

When it is time for a device to send a data , the LAS issues a Compel Data (CD) massage to the device . Upon recipt of the CD , the device broadcasts or publishes the data in the buffer to all devices on the Fieldbus .

Device receive data is called a subscriber .

Scheduled data transfers are typically used for the regular , cyclic transfer of control loop data between devices on the Fieldbus .

Unscheduled Communication

The LAS grants permission to a device to use the Fieldbus by issuing a Pass Token (PT) message to the device . When the device recieves PT , it is allowed to send messages until it has finished or until the delegated token hold time has expired .

Device Types

Basic Link Master H1 allows for redundancy of LAS .

if one LAS fails, one of the other link masters will become the LAS .

Its called Standard Redundancy . If Bridge has redundant , Its called Hot Redundancy .

DFI302
Current LAS Current LAS

Current LAS

Worry about wires cut !?

Safety Barrier

segment

If one wire breaks, only one or two loops will be lost

Data in Physical Layer

Data Transferring in Physical Layer

Data Formatting

Data Formatting in the Communication Stack and above

How to kill noise ?

Use Cable with Good Quality

Use Eart System

Type A (1*2*AWG18/7 with shield wire braid)

Separate Instrument and Electrical Eart Shield should be grounded at a single point Do not ground signal wires Observe terminator location

Be carefull about cable distances

Standard space between Fieldbus cable and Others Trank and Spur Length must be calculated

Wire Types Specifications

BUS and TREE Topology

Fieldbus Support Multiple Topologies

Spur Length Limitation

120 m with one device 90 m with two devices 60 m with three devices 30 m with four devices.

Good Design

Mistake

Mistake

Mistake

Mistake

EARTH SYSTEM

EARTH SYSTEM

Intrisically Safe - Conventional Approach (Entity Model)

Field Intrisically Safe Consept (FISCO Model)

Foundation Fieldbus Benefits :

Safe Control

Control in the field Standard and Hot Redundancy

Easyer Maintenance Diagnostics (Preventive Maintance) More Availability and Reliability

Field Devices Management

Wirring and hardware saving Energy saving

Power Supply , Safty Barrier , Less Consumption