Introduction To IT in Business: Instructor: Muhammad Ishfaq Khan

Introduction to IT in Business
Instructor: Muhammad Ishfaq Khan
6/7/2012
Introduction to Information Technology
Input devices
Convert mechanical instructions or outside data into binary forms which can be understood by computers Keyboard, mouse, touch pen, scanner, microphone, and even your finger
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Output devices
Convert binary contents of memory into meaningful symbols (text, graphics, sounds) for humans to view Monitor, printer, speaker
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Primary memory

Internal, random access memory Store programming instructions and data to be processed
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Secondary memory
external, auxiliary storage: for long term storage of data.

Data would lost in primary memory after power is off Main memory is relatively expensive and have limited space
Such as: magnetic disks ( hard drivers, floppy disks ), optical media ( cds, DVDs)
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Central processing unit (CPU)
Consists of two parts:
Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU): responsible for performing calculations and comparisons Control unit: Responsible for coordinating and supervising the operations of other components.
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Computer organization
Input Devices
CPU
Control Unit ArithmeticLogic Unit
Output Devices
Main Memory
Major components of a computer Input devices Output devices Primary (internal) memory Secondary (external memory) CPU (Central Processing Unit)
External Memory
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) Control Unit
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The slide was taken from http://cs.calvin.edu/books/java/intro/1e/PPSlides/ch ap00.ppt
Data representation in computer
All the data processed or stored in the computer is represented as two-state values (either 1 or 0 - BInary digiTs ).

1 byte = 8 bits 1 kilobyte (kb) = 1024 bytes 1 megabyte (mb) = 1024 kilobyte 1 gigabyte (gb) = 1024 megabyte
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Architecture of computer System
DBMS (Access, Mysql)
Various applications (Word, Photoshop, Internet browser, )
Computer Software
Operating system (Unix/Linux, Windows, MacOS)
Computer Hardware (circuits, chips, cpu, memory, I/O devices)
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Operation systems
An Operating System or OS is a software program that enables the computer hardware to communicate and operate with the computer software. Unix/Linux, Windows, MacOs..
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Programming languages
What is programming language : set of notations and rules that instructs a computer what operations to perform. Most of programming languages fall into one of three categories:

Machine languages Assembly languages High level languages

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Machine languages
Program code in the form of instructions that have meaning to and can be directly executed by computer
Consists of 1s and 0s different types of machine understand their own. completely incomprehensible to most people Lowest level programming language EX. +1300042774 +1400593419 +1200274027
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Assembly languages
Assembly language is essentially machine language that has some of the numbers replaced by somewhat easier to remember mnemonics in an attempt to make it more human-readable.
One statement corresponds to one machine language instruction program that converts assembly language to machine language is called an assembler. EX. LOAD BASEPAY ADD OVERPAY STORE GROSSPAY
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High level languages
A computer programming language using command statements, symbols and words that resemble English-language statements.
One statement corresponds to several machine language instructions More human readable Needs compiler to convert to machine language
EX: grossPay = basePay + overTimePay

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Components of Information Systems

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
People Procedures Software Hardware Data
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People
People are the most important part of an information system

Entertainment Medicine Education Business
Computers and information touch our lives hundreds of times.

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Software
Software is another name for programs
Instructions that tell the computer how to process data System software what the computer uses Application software what you use
Two kinds of software
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Software
Application Software
General purpose and special purpose applications One example is a browser, MS word, etc
System Software
Helps the computer to manage its own resources One example is the operating system
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Hardware
1. 2. 3. 4.
Supercomputer Mainframe computers Minicomputers Microcomputers
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Microcomputer Hardware
System unit (system cabinet or chassis)

Microprocessor Memory
Random access memory (RAM)
Input/output devices Secondary storage devices

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Floppy disks Hard disks Optical discs

Data

Document files Worksheet files Database files Presentation files
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Connectivity, the Wireless Revolution, and the Internet
Connectivity - capability to share information with other computers Wireless communication devices Computer network

Internet, Intranet, extranet World Wide Web
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A collection of computers and other devices that communicate to share data, hardware, and software. A stand-alone computer is called a workstation on a network. A workstation provides access to:

Your computers local resources Network resources
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A server is a computer connected to a network that distributes and stores resources for other network users. With proper licensing, many network users can use the same applications and data files simultaneously and share other resources, such as storage space or a printer.
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Local Area Network (LAN) a network located in a limited area.

LANs are found in most businesses. Many campuses use LANs.
A network interface card (NIC) a key hardware component.

Connects a workstation to the network. A circuit board that sends data between the workstation and the network.
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Wide Area Network (WAN) a network that covers a large geographical area. TENET is a classic example. All types of networks require special networking hardware and networking software to allow different computers to communicate with each other.
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The Internet - largest of all networks. Communication standards called protocols allow for global exchange of information.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Internet Protocol (IP)
Intranets are LANs or WANs that use these communication standards or TCP/IP. Special hardware (modem) and software (browser) are required.
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Physical Transmission Media The different kinds of physical transmission media used by the networks are: Twisted Wire Coaxial Cable Fiber Optics and Optical Networks Wireless Transmission
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Type
Local Area Network (LAN)
Campus Area Network (CAN) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Area
Up to 500 meters (half a mile); an office or floor of a building
Up to 1,000 meters (a mile); a college campus or corporate facility A city or metropolitan area
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Transcontinental or global area
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Network Topologies
Figure 8-8
TCP/IP and Connectivity:

TCP/IP is the communications protocol used by the Internet and all Internet devices. TCP/IP provides for breaking up digital messages into packets, routing them to the proper addresses, and then reassembling them into coherent messages. TCP/IP uses a suite of protocols: TCP and IP.
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Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): Handles the movement of data between computers Establishes a connection between the computers, sequences the transfer of packets, and acknowledges the packets sent Internet Protocol (IP): Responsible for the delivery of packets Includes the disassembling and reassembling.
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Networks and Packet Communications
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Major Business Functions Sales and marketing Manufacturing Finance Accounting Human resources
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IT Vs. Business
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The Domain Name System:
A Domain Name System (DNS) converts IP addresses to English-like domain names.

The domain name is the name that corresponds to the unique 32-bit numeric IP address for each computer connected to the Internet. DNS servers maintain a database containing IP addresses mapped to their corresponding domain names. To access a computer on the Internet, users need only specify its domain name.
The Domain Name System
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DaimlerChrysler Case

Challenge: 104 plants, 37 countries, 14,000 suppliers Solutions: Integrated Volume Planning System connects demand side of business with suppliers, reducing inventories. Powerway helps 3,400 suppliers track parts and quality, reducing errors. Demonstrates ITs role in operational excellence, better quality products, and agilitytime to market Illustrates the emerging digital firm landscape where information can flow seamlessly among business partners to create a superior customer experience
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Digital Firm
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Introduction Figure 1-4to Information Technology
Production and Distribution
Figure 4-2
Stockless Inventory compared to Traditional and Justin-time Supply Methods
Figure 3-13
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IT Specialists: Programmers: Highly trained, writers of the software instructions for computers Systems analysts: Translate business problems into solutions, act as liaisons between the information systems department and rest of the organization Information system managers: Leaders of various specialists Chief Information Officer (CIO): Senior manager in charge of information systems function in the firm End users: Department representatives outside the information system department for whom applications are developed.
Assignment # 1You are required to

submit a comprehensive up to date report

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Input Devices Storage Devices Processing Devices Output Devices Networking Devices Programming Languages Website Development Tools Database Internet Browsers Web Servers

Introduction To IT in Business: Instructor: Muhammad Ishfaq Khan

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Introduction to IT in Business

Instructor: Muhammad Ishfaq Khan

Introduction to Information Technology

Introduction to Information Technology

Introduction to Information Technology

Introduction to Information Technology

external, auxiliary storage: for long term storage of data.

Introduction to Information Technology

Central processing unit (CPU)

Consists of two parts:

Introduction to Information Technology

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) Control Unit

Introduction to Information Technology

The slide was taken from http://cs.calvin.edu/books/java/intro/1e/PPSlides/ch ap00.ppt

Data representation in computer

Introduction to Information Technology

Architecture of computer System

DBMS (Access, Mysql)

Various applications (Word, Photoshop, Internet browser, )

Operating system (Unix/Linux, Windows, MacOS)

Computer Hardware (circuits, chips, cpu, memory, I/O devices)

Introduction to Information Technology

Introduction to Information Technology

Machine languages Assembly languages High level languages

Introduction to Information Technology

Introduction to Information Technology

High level languages

EX: grossPay = basePay + overTimePay

Components of Information Systems

People Procedures Software Hardware Data

Introduction to Information Technology

People are the most important part of an information system

Entertainment Medicine Education Business

Computers and information touch our lives hundreds of times.

Software is another name for programs

Two kinds of software

Introduction to Information Technology

Introduction to Information Technology

Supercomputer Mainframe computers Minicomputers Microcomputers

Introduction to Information Technology

System unit (system cabinet or chassis)

Random access memory (RAM)

Input/output devices Secondary storage devices

Floppy disks Hard disks Optical discs

Document files Worksheet files Database files Presentation files

Introduction to Information Technology

Connectivity, the Wireless Revolution, and the Internet

Internet, Intranet, extranet World Wide Web

Introduction to Information Technology

Your computers local resources Network resources

Introduction to Information Technology

Introduction to Information Technology

Introduction to Information Technology

Local Area Network (LAN) a network located in a limited area.

LANs are found in most businesses. Many campuses use LANs.

A network interface card (NIC) a key hardware component.

Introduction to Information Technology

Introduction to Information Technology

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Internet Protocol (IP)

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Transcontinental or global area

Introduction to Information Technology

TCP/IP and Connectivity: