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    This document discusses molecular shapes and geometries using valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory. It explains that molecular shape is determined by the number of valence electrons of the central atom and by the arrangement of bonded and lone electron pairs. The document then outlines the VSEPR model procedure for predicting molecular geometry. It provides examples of molecular shapes for different numbers of electron pairs, including linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, pyramidal, and bent/angular geometries. Key molecular examples discussed are BeCl2, BF3, SO2, CH4, NH3, and H2O.

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    This document discusses molecular shapes and geometries using valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory. It explains that molecular shape is determined by the number of valence electrons of the central atom and by the arrangement of bonded and lone electron pairs. The document then outlines the VSEPR model procedure for predicting molecular geometry. It provides examples of molecular shapes for different numbers of electron pairs, including linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, pyramidal, and bent/angular geometries. Key molecular examples discussed are BeCl2, BF3, SO2, CH4, NH3, and H2O.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    16 views14 pages

    3-D Shapes of Molecules

    Uploaded by

    Zhy Malzan
    This document discusses molecular shapes and geometries using valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory. It explains that molecular shape is determined by the number of valence electrons of the central atom and by the arrangement of bonded and lone electron pairs. The document then outlines the VSEPR model procedure for predicting molecular geometry. It provides examples of molecular shapes for different numbers of electron pairs, including linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, pyramidal, and bent/angular geometries. Key molecular examples discussed are BeCl2, BF3, SO2, CH4, NH3, and H2O.

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    of 14

    4.

    8 Shapes of Molecules
    Determined by number of valence electrons of the central atom 3-D shape a result of bonded pairs and lone pairs of electrons Use VSEPR theory (valence-shell-electron-pair repulsion

    Timberlake LecturePLUS

    Using the VSEPR Model


    1. Draw the electron-dot structure 2. Identify the central atom 3. Count the total number of electron pairs around central atom 4. Predict the electron shape 5. Predict the shape of the molecule using the bonding atoms

    Timberlake LecturePLUS

    Shapes of Molecules
    Number of electron pairs (= negative charge clouds) Number of bonded atoms Angle 2
    2 180

    Name of shape
    Timberlake LecturePLUS

    linear
    3

    BeCl2
    Be 2 valence electrons

    .. :
    Cl

    .. :
    Be

    Cl

    .. ..

    Cl

    Be

    ..

    .. .. Cl : linear, 180 ..
    Timberlake LecturePLUS 4

    More Electron Pairs


    Electron Angle Pairs 3 120
    3 120

    Bonded Atoms 3
    2

    Name of Shape trigonal planar


    angular

    Timberlake LecturePLUS

    Electron Shape with 3 Pairs

    Timberlake LecturePLUS

    BF3
    B has 3 valence electrons F
    B

    120 trigonal planar

    F
    Timberlake LecturePLUS 7

    SO2
    S has 2 bonded atoms , 1 lone pair (electron cloud) 120, angular

    .. .. .. :O:: S:O: ..
    O
    Timberlake LecturePLUS

    S O
    8

    More Electron Pairs


    Electron Angle Pairs 4 109
    4 4 109 109

    Bonded Atoms 4
    3 2
    Timberlake LecturePLUS

    Name of Shape tetrahedral


    pyramidal bent, angular
    9

    Tetrahedral CH4
    4 electron Pairs, 4 bonded atoms, 109 H H
    C H H C H

    H
    Timberlake LecturePLUS

    H
    10

    NH3 Pyramidal
    N has 4 electron pairs, 3 bonded H atoms Shape is called pyramidal .. : N .. H
    .. : H H H
    Timberlake LecturePLUS

    N H

    11

    H2O Bent or Angular


    O has 4 electron pairs, 2 bonded H atoms Shape is called bent or angular, 109 .. : O : H .. H

    O H

    H
    Timberlake LecturePLUS 12

    Learning Check
    Determine the molecular geometry of each of the following: A. CCl4 1) tetrahedral 2) pyramidal 3) angular
    B. SO3 1) trigonal planar

    2) pyramidal

    3) angular

    C. PCl3 1) trigonal planar Timberlake LecturePLUS 2) pyramidal

    3) angular

    13

    Solution
    Determine the molecular geometry of each of the following:
    A. CCl4

    1) tetrahedral
    B. SO3 1) trigonal planar C. PCl3 2) pyramidal
    Timberlake LecturePLUS 14

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