You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. In most parts of the world people are living longer.

What are the possible causes of this situation? Is this a negative or positive development? Longevity in the world over has been increasing for a variety of reasons. Babies born today enjoy much longer life spans than those of their parents. It is argued that this increase is a positive phenomenon and that the main causes of it are both the deepening of medical understanding and the sharing of such information between people via tools like the Internet. These causes will be examined in detail to prove their value in the lengthening of worldwide life spans. Firstly, medical advancements over the last century have allowed people to postpone death. Among the more significant discoveries that made this possible is the development of antibiotics. Antibiotics, now available to most people the world over, dramatically lower incidences of infection and have thus greatly curbed the number of people the world over who die due to diseases once thought incurable. Thus, advancements in science can be seen as one of the more major contributors to the extending of worldwide life spans. As computers are being used more and more in education, there will be soon no role for teachers in the classroom. There is no doubt that education and the learning process has changed since the introduction of computers: The search for information has become easier and amusing, and connectivity has expedited the data availability. Though experts systems have made computers more intelligent, they have not yet become a substitute of the human interaction in the learning process. In my opinion; what can be expected, is a change of the teachers? role but not their disappearance from the classroom. Nobody can argue that the acquisition of knowledge is more fun and easier with computers. The mere activity of touching and exploring this device constitutes an enjoyable task for a kid. This, accompanied with the relaxing attitude and software interactivity, usually conduce to a better grasping of new knowledge. At a higher educational level; the availability of digital books, simulator and other academic materials, provide the student with an ever accessible source of information, that otherwise would not be at hand. But, besides the increasing complexity and behavior of intelligent software, which is usually embedded in the academic digital material, the need of human interaction in the learning process will always be present, at least in the foreseeable future. There is the necessity for a human being to be able to determine what the specifics needs of each individual are. The expertise of a teacher in how to explain and adapt complex concepts to different individuals can hardly be mimicked by a computer, no matter how sophisticated its software is. As computers are becoming a common tool for teaching, teachers should be more aware of their role as guides in the acquisition of knowledge rather than transmitters of facts. They have to be open minded to the changes that are taking places, keep updated and serve as a problem solvers in the learning process, thus allowing students to discover the fact for themselves. To summarize, in my personal view, teachers play and will() play an important role in the classroom, especially at the primary level. No matter how complex computers become, there will be no replacement for the human interaction, but in the way haw this interaction takes place. Even though globalization affects the worlds economies in a positive way, its negative side should not be forgotten. Discuss. In the present age, globalization is playing an increasingly important role in our lives. But in the meantime whether it is a blessing or a curse has sparked a heated debate. Some people argue that globalization has a fundamentally beneficial influence on our lives, while many others contend that it has a detrimental effect as well. A convincing argument can be made about globalization not only playing a pivotal role in the development of technology and economy, but also promoting the cultural exchange between different countries. To start with, it is the globalization that impelled many corporate to become an international group, thereby making a contribution to the local technology and employment. Specifically, when a multinational group establish a factory in a developing country, the new equipment, the new management skills and the job vacancies are all in the best interest of the local society. Moreover, people worldwide can get to know each other better through globalization. It is easy to see that more and more Hollywood blockbusters show cultures different from American, some recent examples are Kungfu Panda and The Mummy.

Admittedly, profit driven globalization has severely affected young people. Today, in the metropolises in different countries, it is very common to see teenagers wearing NIKE T-shirts and Adidas footwear, playing Hip-Hop music on Apple iPods and eating at KFC. The culture that took a thousand years to form just seems similar in these cities; it looks like you can only distinguish them by their language. Meanwhile, in some developing countries, sweat workshops are always a concerning issue. For instance, reports show that some teenagers employed by NIKEs contractors work in smelly factories over 14 hours a day, but are only paid fifty cents per hour. To sum up, I would concede that globalization does come with some adverse effects. Despite that fact, benefits created by it far outweigh the disadvantages. Overall, I am convinced that we should further promote globalization and meanwhile the local government should take measures to combat culture assimilation and sweat workshops In some countries children have very strict rules of behavior, in other countries they are allowed to do almost anything they want. To what extent should children have to follow rules? The extent to which children have to follow rules is in itself a very complex issue, since children across the world grow up in very different cultures. In India for example, the level of morality is very high and children are to be very submissive to their parents as well as other adults around them. This, however, is not the case for the Western countries of the world where children follow the motto Thou shalt do what thou wilt as promoted by celebrities and rock stars. I believe that following strict rules has both advantages as well as serious drawbacks as discussed below. Firstly, strict rules of behavior create responsible and respectful children who in turn mature into respectful adults. This forms a stable society which is virtually free from vices such as prostitution and drug abuse. Secondly, if children do not follow strict rules of behavior, they will get out of hand and become work- shy and indolent. This will then create a burden on society since the government has to find ways to cater for these social ills. However, forcing children to follow strict rules of behavior doesnt always yield positive results as discussed above, most of the time it backfires and works against society. For example, teenagers are more likely to do the opposite of what theyre told to do simply because they want to be independent. Children should also have rights to exercise their free will and develop their own pattern of behaviors. Strict rules simply destroy the individuality of children if theyre imposed on them. At the end of the day, it is clear that children should be guided by rules, but these rules should not be imposed on them because as human beings, they need to have room to develop their own traits of character and adopt a behavioral pattern of their own. Even though globalization affects the worlds economies in a very positive way, its negative side should not be forgotten. Discuss. Globalization is such a commonly used term in the twentieth century. It simply means that the world has become integrated economically, socially, politically and culturally through the advances of technology, transportation and communication. It is undeniable to say that globalization has resulted in both positive and negative effects which must be addressed accordingly. To begin with, globalization has contributed to the worlds economies in many beneficial ways. The advances in science and technology have allowed businesses to easily cross over territorial boundary lines. Consequently, companies tend to become more productive, competitive thereby raising quality of goods, services and the worlds living standard. Secondly, several companies from the more developed countries have already ventured to establish foreign operations or branches to take advantage of the low cost of labor in the poorer countries. This kind of business activity will provide more influx of cash or investment funds into the less developed countries. However, one cannot deny the negative effects which have derived from globalization. One crucial social aspect is the risk and danger of epidemic diseases which can easily be spread as the mode transportation is easier and faster in todays advance society. This is evidenced in the recent birds flu disease which has infected most Asian countries over a short time frame. As large corporations invest or take over many off shore businesses, a modern form of colonization will also evolve which may pose certain power pressure on the local governments of the less developed countries. Unemployment rates in the more developed regions like Europe may also escalate as corporations choose to outsource cheaper work force from Asian countries.

In conclusion. I like to reiterate that globalization is inevitable and we must urge individuals, companies and governments to use a more balanced approach by taking appropriate steps to deal with matters relating to the financial or economical gains verses the social, political or ecological concerns of the world. Financial education should be mandatory component of the school program. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? It is an obvious fact that financial aspects are a major part of daily life, as an adult and even as a young individual. Each and every one of us has to make financial decisions concerning recreation, health, education and more. The question is whether to start with financial education as part of school program or postpone it for a later stage in life. To being with, being able to understand the value of money, the way the economic system works and interpret financial news and its implications is a virtue. Without this virtue, an individual, and even a young one, might suffer, to some extent. For an example, a child who doesnt understand the concept of money might find it more difficult to except choosing only one present out of more possible ones. In addition, many adults are lacking financial analysis capabilities. Quite often, the reason can be a shaky basis or insecurity when it comes to financial terms and concepts. Starting from an early age, building a strong background, can very likely prevent such a situation. However, financial education necessarily involves quantifying and setting prices and value for services and goods. It can be easily turn young people into cynical and cold-hearted human beings. Furthermore, a tendency to self-concentration and egoism might rise when one start measuring everything from a profit making perspective. In conclusion, financial education has both pros and cons. In my opinion, the advantages are stronger than the disadvantages, making financial education an advisable component of school program. The disadvantages should be thought of as a certain price that young people have to pay due to the characteristics of the world that we live in. Improvements in health, education and trade are essential for the development of poorer nations. However, the governments of richer nations should take more responsibility for helping the poorer nations in such areas. Todays world has been divided into developing and industrialised countrieswhich the main difference between them is the amount of money that governments apply in important sectors such as education, health and commerce. Most of the poorer nations are buried in debts as a result of their unbalanced finances which are reflect in a failed health care, an unstructured education system and a weak international trade. This vicious cycle will continue indefinitely unless wealthier nations show interest in minimizing the worldwide economic differences, as well as taking more responsibility for assisting unfortunate countries. Most of the African countries live in sub-human conditions because of the extreme poverty, upheaval, hunger, disease, unemployment, lack of education and both inexperienced and corrupt administrations. The devastating consequences of the AIDS epidemic in those countries could improve if the infected populations receive free drugs to control the disease, have access to health professionals and get information on how to prevent its spread. But this can only be achieved through international help programs in which leaders of the world?s richest countries donate medicine and also send doctors and nurses to treat and educate those in need. Moreover, most of the poor countries rely on selling agricultural products and raw material to rich nations and buying industrialized products from them resulting in a huge financial deficit. Consequently, they borrow a significant amount of money from the World Bank to try to improve their broken economies, but sometimes the money disappears with no significant changes and they cannot even pay the interest to the bank. Regarding this issue, last year the G8, which is comprised of leaders of the eight richest nations, decided to forgive billions of dollars worth of debt owed by the world?s poorest nations. In addition, they developed adequate loan programs to financially assist those countries. In conclusion, leaders of the industrialised countries play an indispensable role in assisting developing nations deal with essential areas such as health, education and trade. Also, their aid is the key to breaking the vicious cycle, which results in poverty and death.

Are scientific inventions making us happier Since the dawn of human civilization, Homo sapiens, the wisest of all apes, have tried to exploit the resources of nature and put them to their own use. There are two key words which together constitute this question are scientific and happier. The topic concerned is ideological thus thoughts not facts would form a better armor against it. Happiness, though an abstract and incomprehensively defined human emotion, has always remained the goal of humanity .Happiness is sometimes achieved, sometimes earned, it is sometimes brought by bearing pain also. Happiness is measured and its measurement has no universal standards. However standards develop, as a part of zeitgeist, much like fashion, but still, as fashion doesnt engulf all the spirits of the society ,answer to what is happiness ,is ones own quest. A religious person would point to God as its only source while Buddhists say there isnt anything like that in reality. What is Happiness, finds itself answered ,but that answer however is subject to changes in either space or time or both. Science - pursuit of man to understand the universe and an effort to utilize its resources in the best possible way so as to continue its unabated survival on the face of this planet. An early man of stone age ,had a limited science , his only reason to exploit his faculty of cognition mere was his familys survival , later on as generations passed ,communities grew .This change insisted early humans to migrate ,migration to tough terrains and cold regions made them learn wearing animal skins .As years passed the wheel followed , so did the weaving , harnessing suns energy is form of agriculture came as the next step .All scientific inventions till then had a sole aim of healthy survival. Scientific inventions till industrial revolution were either innovations in traditional methods of continuing sustenance or were for fulfillment of luxurious demands of kings and nobles. Next step in the timeline of human civilization was industrial revolution , which started as a result of two initiatory forces one of them was increasing population while the other was desire of attaining power .Though monarchy died , the rule of the people came ,the role of scientific inventions still was the same survival and that too a luxurious one ,but as I enlisted these two initiatory forces , the second one grew gradually in dominance . The world wars were a result of both these initiatory forces , one was fear of not having resources and other was ideological differences .As deeper investigations in the reasons is made , the anarchy and unrest which still prevails in many parts of the world ,is basically a result of these two forces . The resources on the surface of this planet are still enough for continued survival of human race ,but time still witnesses unrest and war on resources ,moral deterioration and selfish nature is a fitting explanation to continued acts of violence in the post world war era. Thus endangered status of survival of mankind cannot be attributed to scientific menace ,moral crisis form a greater part of it .Increasing stress levels ,urban lives are not creations of science , they are a product of evolving human consciousness assisted by science. This is a general observation that morally weak persons dont enjoy true pleasure of life and hence happiness cannot be attained by murder of those moral values which human institutions have developed through these ages of evolution. Use of polythene bags degrade environment, but it reduces use of leather, cotton or paper bags. None of the latter cannot be assumed to be safe, though they are harmless to environment. If whole population on earth submits to these methods, deforestation will reach a newer high, a step too far. Another fact is that these are non-recyclable as well, because they are degradable, they grow old fast ,polybags promises us longevity . Then there comes man and his ignorance,mother earth is left to her own and most of such non-biodegradable products of science are rendered without recycling. What could be a wonder of science emerged as an evil . These lines are a Hindi translation to a Sanskrit verse, it means that the prerequisite of happiness is a healthy body, and then follows the wealth in house. No doubt, medical sciences enabled humanity to combat viruses which in dark ages caused fatalities in millions. Products of medical sciences, from magical potions of ancient world to ultra modern MRI scan, the achievements in this field have been tremendous and in fact gradually improving, however developments made in second half of 20th and 21st century are actually against the diseases which came as a result of human disturbances in nature and not natures devils. This fact incites a very intriguing question, are scientific inventions really helping us in our endeavor of providing a healthy survival of humankind? . Science in such a case acts as both, the angel and the demon. Even if we accept sciences heroic role of savior in form of medicine, its practical as well as ideological contribution to happiness is still under doubt. The happiness is not a function of wealth ,it comes from within .As Buddha said ,It is really difficult to understand what makes individuals happy . Science is a boon for prolonged survival ,but its advent doesnt really guarantee happiness. Thus science acts as a tool for better living ,for happiness. But scientific inventions alone dont make us happy .But science when put to use in destructive manner is rendered worthy of that position as well .But still scientific inventions are never meant to destroy , they are nothing but medium of expression in such cases,thus their destructive action is a result of morally degraded human society only .Saint Kabir ,the pioneer of bhakti movement one said I wandered in search of evil,but couldnt find it ,once I searched within ,I found it.

Has corruption haunted indias growth ? What is corruption? This question has become more important in the wake of Annas cry for Jan Lokpal to curb corruption. Can corruption be defined? Corruption has different connotations for different people. However, in general terms it is stated as an act of bribing someone to gain some benefits which may be lawful or unlawful. As a popular saying goes that before you have to pay bribe to get wrong thing done but today you have to pay for getting right things done at the right time. Corruption has become so pervasive that some people take it as an accepted way of life. The prevention of corruption act1988 defines corruption on taking gratification other than the legal remuneration in respect of an official act. Corruption can be defined as misuse of public funds for private.. Corruption may be attributed to plethora of reasons like acts of commission and omission or delay, exercise or discretion as violation of rules. Though India has been hailed as a rising economic power in recent times, attracting FDIs (Foreign Direct Investments) from all over the world, the picture is not very rosy. The rampant corruption prevailing in the country in all the spheres is posing a threat to Indias growth story. As corruption is directly linked to the economy, it can have disastrous effect on Indias economy. Slower growth means the fight against poverty will slow as number of jobs will be reduced. According to a report India tops the list of black money in the entire world with almost US$$1456 billion in Swiss bank. However 80%of Indians earns less than Rs 5 per day. Alleged tax evader Hasan Ali Khan (supposedly an associate of gangster Dawood Ibrahim) allegedly illicitly placed US$8 billion in UBS AB Zurich bank. In his short tenure, Madhu Koda, the then chief minister of Jharkhand allegedly siphoned off about US$1 billion. In 2011, India ranked 95th of of183 countries in transparency international corruption perception index. The major reason behind Indias low scoring is big corruption scandals, like the Commonwealth Games and the 2G telecom scam. Corruption has destabilized Indias growth and will continue to do so unless some strict action is taken. Private investments in India are slowing down due to corruption prevalent in the country. Some of the foreign companies as well as India have shifted their bases outside India or are planning to go out. Inflation has also become a major problem even after RBI has raised interest several times to curb it. In the recent 2G telecom scam, Indias loss is estimated to be approximately US$39 billion. Unless the markets get the required assurance that allocation of funds will be swift, efficient and fair, the process of investment will be slow. Politicians should also take responsibility in checking corruption in order to avoid debacle like Enron the power sector in Maharashtra. The project which was not deemed economic viable by the World Bank which denied financial help to it was granted permission by India ignoring the protests against unpopular power project. Even the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act scheme (MGNREGA) is not free of corruption as some audit reports that in some states only a small percentage of allocated funds reach to the original workers. Corruption does not only affect the parties involved in the scandal but also public at large. A corrupt official will result in delay of schemes intended for the benefits of general public in pressure of a company or any other person who are seeking to get private benefit from the projects. This will result in vicious circle of poverty as the poor are most affected by corruption. If India has to fight poverty and achieve a sustainable growth rate, it should take proper anti corruption measures and enforce them strictly. Though corruption cannot be eradicated permanently, proper checks and balances will ensure Indias rise as economic powerhouse and future development. Why India is the next global leader? In the 20th century entire world considered USA, Russia, Japan and some of the European countries As the global leaders. But in the 21st century two more countries from Asia emerged as the global leader that is India and China. Now the question is who is a global leader? Though there is no clear cut definition, a global leader is one who can a play major role in world affairs, work for maintaining peace and tranquillity and can extend all type of help in preventing global crisis such as climate change, food insecurity, hunger, poverty etc. As mentioned above India emerged as a global leader in the 21th century due to its all round development. She got freedom from British government in 1947.From there on she never looked back and made rapid progress in the growth trajectory. First of all entire credit goes to her founding fathers and constitution writers. They did not left any loophole in the constitution .They established a responsible legislative body to make law and new policy, an executive body to execute various policy enacted by legislation and an independent judiciary to safe guard the constitution and the fundamental rights of each citizens. No individual or politician in India can take the power and law into his own hand at will, like what is happening in African countries, even in Pakistan .Pakistan is a country got freedom with India but the military power there has the power to topple the civilian government creating instability. But this is not the case with India, her founding father made a system by amalgamating the best features of other democratic countries. That is why India is known as one of the stable country of the world. Since independence India became part of all important international organisations and plays a significant rule in creation of non-aligned movement during the Russian USA cold war period. Now India is member of major international organisation such as UNO, WORLD BANK, IMF, UNESCO, UNICEF, ILO, WTO, FATF etc. Currently India is a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council for two years for which the election was held this year. In that election she got a record 189 votes, only four countries voted against its membership. This shows her popularity throughout the world.

In the first three to four decade after independence India could not play any major role in international affairs due to her fragile economic condition and involvement in three major wars, two with Pakistan and one with China, she was mostly dependent on foreign aid for its socio economic and infrastructure development, but after 1991 economic liberalisation she has become a major contributor of aid to the third world countries. In 2008 India achieved a remarkable feat by becoming a trillion dollar economy. Currently India is at the cynosure of the world leader for its contribution to each and every continent of the globe. Currently India is engaged with various countries for their infrastructure development, capacity building, and socio economic development. Being a part of south Asia India always take the leading role in promoting peace, financial stability, and facilitating free trade among the south Asian countries under the SAARC umbrella. She is helping Srilanka by providing financial and technical assistance in the construction of railway line, road, housing for displaced Tamils during LTTE war, renovating a Kankasanthurai harbour. She has provided $1 billion grant in aid to Bangladesh for their infrastructure development at the interest rate of .75%. India has allowed Bhutan and Nepal to use its land to do trade with Bangladesh and to import or export goods using Bangladesh port. Due to Indias sincere effort the relation with Pakistan is also improving. India formed south south co-operation with Brazil and South Africa to provide financial help to the least developed countries which were earlier dependent only on the north for aid. India started an India Africa e-network project to connect all the 53 countries of Africa through fibre optic connection. This network will also be connected with some of the reputed technical institutions and famous medical colleges to provide e-education and telemedicine services to African people. Apart from this some of the other Indian project in Africa got international acclamation like construction of railway line linking Ethiopia and Djibouti, setting up of 80 institutions for capacity building in various sectors such as food processing, agriculture, textile, weather forecasting and rural development. India has the observer status of SCO and also planning to join CSTO. She is working closely with the SCO member countries in maintaining peace and stability and preventing terrorism, drug trafficking from central and south Asia. She is also planning to extend help in construction of nuclear reactors for some of the central Asia countries like Kazakistan.She is the worlds 6th largest contributor to the Afghanistan infrastructure project and also providing training to Afghanistan security forces so that they can protect their country after Americas pull out from 2014.Along with this India has taken the responsibility of giving training to Afghan Gov. employees through VV Giri National labour institute , constructing road from delaram to Zarang and building power plants to meet its energy need. With the grouping like BIMSTEC, Mekong Ganga co-operation, India ASEAN summit, East Asia summit India is maintaining cordial relations with all the south east asean countries. India has promised to promote culture by protecting all important historic monuments through ASI of India. She has proposed to build a highway which will connect Myanmar, Thailand , Laos ,Vietnam and Cambodia to facilitate free movement of goods and spur economic development in that region. India also establishing training institutions to provide vocational training to the students as a part of Indian ITEC (Indian technical and economic co-operation) program. She is also providing grant in aid to these countries. Recently Indian P.M Dr Manmohan Singh offered 500 million grant in aid to Myanmar. As a peace loving nation India wants peace to prevail in the west Asia and North Africa. She wants an amicable resolution of outstanding issues between Israel and Palestine and India is one among the few countries who recognised Palestine as an independent state. As a larger democracy of the world she promotes democratic government instead of autocratic Government throughout world. Above all India has developed strong institutional capabilities that will benefit the world community. Indian election commission providing all necessary assistance to the countries which want a strong impartial election process in their system. Recently Indian election commission extend help to Egypt for their election reform. India also providing its wonder machine EVC(electronic voting machine) to Nepal, Mexico, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Afghanistan etc. for conduction of their election. Indian CAG (Controller and auditor general) which is another example of a unique institution in the field of audit appointed as the external auditor of two major UN organisations: IAEA and world intellectual property right. India has one of the largest and advanced security forces in the world. She has a strong navy, army and air force which is not only protecting our countries but also engaged in UNs peace keeping process weather it is in Srilanka, Somalia , Afghanistan or any other countries. She has also engaged in the Indian Oceans international transit corridor to protect the merchant vessel from the Somalia pirates which has become a sanctuary for them. Till now India escorted more the 1000 vessels including some Indian vessels. India has a well develop space research centres (ISRO) which is regularly launching satellites for itself and for other countries. The types of satellites include communication satellite, weather forecasting, remote sensing etc. Recently ISRO launched a satellite called meghatropics with collaboration with France which will benefit all tropical countries. This will provide real time data regarding rainfall pattern in tropical region thereby helping farmers in agriculture and ensure food security. India is Worlds first country to identify presence of water on Moon surface through her Chandrayan-I mission and planning for Chandrayan-II mission to send humans on to the moon surface. 21st century belongs to the country leading in food production and having large work force and India has both the above factor. Indias food production is increasing year by year to feed the world And she has one of the largest work forces of the world which is a boon for her. The contribution India will make to the global society is prefigured by the upsurge in the national mood which is marked by ambition, optimism and the spirit to accept the challenge of innovation and accomplishment. There is no doubt that India is a present leader. The world leaders should acknowledge it by providing

unequivocal support for its quest as a permanent member in UNs reformed Security Council. Then only her efforts and contribution towards the world will be rewarded. Population Explosion - How can we tackle this problem? It is rightly said The greatest shortcoming of the human race is our inability to understand the exponential function. For countries like Spain, Canada and Italy, where the population is decreasing, population explosion might be considered as a boon. But for developing country like India, population explosion is nothing but a curse which is damaging the development of the country and its society. With 16% of worlds population, India is the second most populated country in the world. A developing country already faces a lack in their resources and needs. And with the rapidly escalating population, the resources available per person are further plummeting, leading to increased poverty, malnutrition and other large population related problems. Therefore, predicament is much more severe here in India because of the escalating pressure on the limited resources of the country. The rapid growth of the world's population over the past one hundred years results from a difference between the rate of birth and the rate of death. It took the entire history of humankind for the population to reach 1 billion around 1810. Today the world has a population of 6 billion and the population of India stands at about 1 billion. This only means that more people are now being added each day than at any other time in human history which poses as a major problem. As far as India is concerned, according to statistics, as of March 2011, the total population of India was a little over 1 billion 1,210,193,422 to be exact. The population clock in the Union Health Ministry in New Delhi now ticks at the rate of 31 persons per minute! The clock shows that about 44,640 babies are born in India every day. This gigantic growth rate is due to the industrial and technical revolutions that has taken place. The new technologies available have brought down the death rate because of the vastly improved Medicare resulting in increased life expectancies. Various cultures and norms, migration all have contributed in this regard. India is projected to overtake China as the world's most populous nation by 2030. This increase or overpopulation now has given rise to various problems like illiteracy, unemployment, pollution and poverty. We have created an interrelated web of global environmental problems. We are destroying our natural resources and biological diversities. India is facing an intense crisis of resources. There is fierce competition for the nation's limited natural resources leading to quarrels between states, between communities and even families. The fast rate of growth of population has affected the quality of life of the people. To check ill-effects of population growth on the socio-economic front, the Indian Government had launched the Family Planning Programme in 1951. This was later rechristened as the Family Welfare Programme. This programme promotes on a voluntary basis, responsible Planned Parenthood, through independent choice of family planning methods best suited to the people. This if properly implemented by making them rightly follow the slogan one couple, two children could do wonders. But, at the same time a proper family planning would only work if women, especially in the rural ideas could be made to come out of the false notion that having many children is a boon. And for this, the requirement is to improve the literacy rate, female education and the socio-economic status of the families as population growth is directly allied to these factors. Special benefits and provisions need to be highlighted and be provided to the people who have one child and maintain a small family. Benefits like free education, better facilities and financial support should be put forward so as to encourage nuclear families. Therefore, I believe the need of the hour to tackle this problem of overpopulation lies in education. This can be done if one person takes into their stride of educating the other. Each one, teach one should be followed and advocated. Persuasive measures need to be taken. We have seen in the past that there have been coercive measures attempted in India. In 1975- 77, former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi created sterilization camps and forced vasectomies causing population-control policies to be met with strong resistance and fear, which stagnating progress significantly. More recently, the government has considered using injection birth- control methods, which have been alleged to have significant negative side effects and recall the coercive measures of the 70s. What thus needs to ensue is support-financial and political, that must be given to promote, encourage and facilitate birth control and methods which involve people as an agent of change rather than being a source of dilemma. Around 30 million Indians want to use contraceptives, but do not have access to them; money ought to be given to provide it. Others are unaware and unwilling to discuss birth control methods, efforts must be made to promote discussion and spread knowledge of it to those who are receptive. Also, campaigns currently expound on the good of the country. Instead, media should emphasize that a small family is beneficial to an individual's own well-being rather than focusing on population control for the national good. These types of measures have been enacted in some states including Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, and they have since been countrys growth stability leaders. They now show high literacy rates and thus a well planned society. This has to be cultured all over India. The philosophy must be to have the people be an active participant in the countrys problem. If the people understand that and want to help, then the problem disappears because there is no one left to cause it. Gandhi advocated that it is easier to practice self control than control by contraceptives. Multiplicity of wants would multiply problems in multiple folds. Thus, to tackle the problem, rather than following stringent rules and regulations, a change of mindset would help more through the involvement of education, advertisement and campaigns ensuring for a developed and a

healthy India. Therefore, all we need is to shift the mindsets from Population Control to Population Development. Development of people through right education and healthcare can solve much issues-even population, assuming it is a problem! Lastly, it can be concluded by saying that with so many of us on a very small planet, and with the addition of so many more every week, we can no longer persist to relate to each other, or our environment, ecological systems and biosphere like we have, as we will succumb to the effects of human overpopulation. Mother Nature, which could not care less, will eliminate us. We humans must grow up and learn to walk, hand in hand with each other and with our natural world. There is no alternative if we yearn to sustain humanity and advance our civilization. Annas Jan Lokpal- A Threat to Democracy Democracy is worth dying for, because it's the most deeply honorable form of government ever devised by man-Ronald Reagan From the 8th century till today, our motherland India has constantly been stripped of her riches- be it the Turks, the British or the modern day politicians ruling our country. Today, India is one of the most corrupted countries across the globe and it is second in the Asian continent. Corruption has become a pandemic disease spreading from the lower levels to the higher echelons of power. It has integrated itself into every single citizen and it has become a Nationalized Ideology. And, it is the main reason why India is yet to become a developed nation. Innumerable measures have been taken by our government to prevent corruption. Based on the Hong Kong Independent Commission against corruption, a Lokpal bill was drafted in 1969 to prevent corruption. The bill failed to pass through the Rajya Sabha over the subsequent years till date. Over the course of time, corruption has multiplied manifold and the frustration of the common man has reached its saturation point. Driven by these forces, in April 2011, the septuagenarian Anna Hazare started his Satyagraha movement against the government for the Jan Lokpal Bill to be passed. Millions of people have been caught by the euphoria and are joining Team Anna for the bill to be proposed. The aim of the Jan Lokpal Bill is to eradicate corruption which is a healthy sign for our nation. But many have overlooked the implications of the bill; which if passed, would pose a threat to our democracy, the pillar of our constitution. A detailed analysis of the bill has to be done in order to understand the consequences that it would create. The Jan Lokpal Bill states that it will establish an anti corruption institution called the Lokpal at the central government and Lokayukta in the state levels which will be independent of the Executive, Legislative and Judiciary organs. It will be free from the government and ministerial influence. It has the power to question anyone including the man holding the highest position in our country, the Prime Minister. If the bill is passed, we will be creating an oligarchic government with the power only in the hands of a few people like Anna Hazare and his henchmen. This contradicts the basic concept of Indian democracy. The ruling government is the one that is elected by the citizens of India. They are the representatives of the people- whom we have chosen to run our government. Now, we intend to form an extremely powerful, non-elected institution that acts as a demi-God trying to overrule the elected and democratic government. The fundamental concept of democracy is By the people, For the people and Of the people. But here, the bill will allow a single institution to have monopoly power. That will make India an oligarchic constitution and not the democracy that we are so proud of. It is a known fact that corruption is born from abundance of power and when such an immense concentration of power is given to the Lokpal, it will surely spiral the corruption already present out of control. And the power that Lokpal will be given is without accountability and control. The Lokpal will be a super cop who will perform the duties of an Investigator, Judge and prosecutor. In other words, they will make the law, implement the law and prosecute those who break the law. Constitutional breaches will have to made for the bill to be passed and the entire democratic structure will be altered. Prominent leader of the RTI, Aruna Roy had mentioned that "Jan Lokpal is a bill impossible to implement. Also, it derails the checks and balances between the judiciary, executive and other organs of the democratic structure. The judiciary and legislative bodies must be given their sense of freedom to function and this cannot be tampered with. Another feature of the bill is that it intends to merge the existing CBI and CVC under the Lokpal and function as a single unit. This will lead to clash in the independence of the organizations and also create hierarchical problems. The CBI and CVC are functioning under the government. Therefore, merging them under the Lokpal would bring the whole institution under the government. The methods that Anna Hazare is implementing are not the so called Gandhian way. He brings his team of people into the Ram Lila Maidan and starts an indefinite fast to make the governments accede to his proposals. This is nothing but blackmail in another form. Anna Hazare may be portrayed as the modern day Gandhi but his past life shows his darker side. In his yester years, when he worked as an Army truck driver, Anna Hazare has publicly stated that Corrupt people should be hanged. He was also in favour of belting drunkards and cutting the thumbs of thieves. These are indications to show that we cannot let our country be ruled by a right-wing dictator. The Jan Lokpal bill will create a revolution in our country that has the power to topple the existing government and create an imbalance. Such an event would impair the nations economy, its status quo in the global market and people would start to lose faith in the authorities. Dr. Ambedkar, the architect of our constitution once said We must abandon the bloody methods

of revolution. But where constitutional methods are open, there can be no justification for these unconstitutional methods. These methods are nothing but the Grammar of Anarchy and the sooner they are abandoned, the better for us. The current scenario is that we are heading towards anarchy and building a future, where we the citizens of India would not have a say in how our country will work. The largest democracy in the world would soon become a myth. The Lokpal would just comprise of a handful of non-elected people governing the entire nation acting as the protectors. The task ahead of them is too big and the resources they have is insufficient. There is no accountability for the fact that corruption will exist in the Lokpal. But, as the great philosopher Socrates said- Who will guard the guardians? It is a known fact that corruption is eating away our country. The Jan Lokpal bill promises to build a Utopian society but considering the political nexus of the nation, it cannot be put to practise. The last thing the nation would need is a premature political decision that would make the situation worse. The possible solution is to solve the existing flaws in the government. The politicians and bureaucrats should be denied the monopoly of control over the goods and services so that it minimizes their opportunity to abuse power. There should be a more transparent process in the government. An effective bill which not only eradicates corruption but also supports democracy should be brought to practise to build an economic superpower in the future. Narendra Modi, a right choice for PM of India Greed, they say, is not always bad. And if the end result of this greed pertains to a good cause, then one doesnt need to cajole his conscience either. But people often get lost somewhere in the middle and lose sight of their focus. Narendra Modi, without taking into considerations the comments and appraisals of his political rivals and critics, is a political idol without a shadow of doubt. The nature of respect he commands throughout Gujarat is awe-inspiring. And after the end of Vajpayee era, he is the lone warrior standing tall in the NDA camp, often giving sleepless nights to the UPA government. He can retain the chair of CM of Gujarat as long as he wishes and presumably there is no one in the state who can give him even a close fight. But thats not the point. The point is, can he be projected as a potential PM candidate? And even if he fights against all the odds and gets there, would he be able to do justice to the position which millions can only dream of? One needs to weigh all the pros and cons of this possible situation. There is no denying the fact that Narendra Modi is obsessed with the power he gets to enjoy as the Gujarat CM. He is a total control freak who wants even the movement of a shade of grass in his state to be under his authority. He would never ever want to let go of his position for a lesser cause. But going by the recently concluded Sadbhavna fast in Ahmedabad, he has silently put forth his desire. And the report by the US Congressional Research Service (CRS) has acted as an icing on the cake. But the report has acted as a double- edged sword. According to the report, Gujarat under Modi has the most effective governance amongst all the states in India followed by Bihar under Nitish Kumar. Now Nitish Kumar is the one person on the current political circuit who can command the NDA against Modi, if he ever wishes so. Even Modi knows that if the current UPA government is voted out of power in next Lok Sabha elections, Nitish Kumar is the only person who can come between him and his dream. Now there arises the sense of insecurity on Modis part. Another not-so-encouraging feature of Modis political personality is his ways of handling religious issues. Even when most of the Muslims and other Minority groups are claiming to be satisfied under Modi, there is still much left to be done in this area. And secularism is one of the fields where the Bihar CM can score some brownie points over Modi. Though he claims that he has risen above religions and castes, he is still very much the poster boy of Hindutva and RSS. Even though Modi seems to be doing nothing wrong these days, he is still pretty much haunted by his alleged involvement in Godhra riot case; and as is truly said- Corpses are not buried in politics. They are kept alive so that they can speak when the time comes. So no prizes for guessing that Modi will have a very tough time ahead maintaining a balance between his image of a staunch enthusiast of Hinduism and keeping Muslims content, if becomes the next PM. But no matter how much we try to bring out the negativities in him, we cannot miss the charisma he radiates. He is the finest manager of Indian media amongst all leaders. He has excellent organisational capabilities, dynamic personality and can motivate even a corpse to move with his powerful words, to name a few of his qualities. And the business stalwarts of the country (read Ratan Tata, Mukesh Ambani etc) seem to be in awe of him. The fact that GDP growth rate in Gujarat has been 11.05% over the past few years (a number that has been well publicised by the Gujarat government) as against the national value of 9% is something one cannot overlook. The looks of the power hubs of the state, Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad and Surat have been turned upside down, leaving the other cities of the country gasping for breath. Gujarat is quickly turning into an economically and industrially ideal state, something which other states will look up to as an example. If we consider the aspect of a leaders willpower to bring positive changes in his/her constituency skipping the other attributes, then Narendra Modi undeniably stands out amongst his counterparts in other states, maybe even leaving behind his arch-rival, Nitish Kumar. But then again, there are a whole lot of other facets which need to be taken into consideration when we are talking about the most powerful face of the worlds largest democracy. If the upcoming Lok Sabha elections in 2014 see a shift of power from the reigning UPA coalition to the NDA (chances of the third front forming a government are very glim), then this debate will turn into an unavoidable situation. But then instead of writing columns and airing programs on televisions pondering over who should be the right choice, we should better let the

country and its people decide. But the truth being the truth, Narendra Modi certainly enjoys a clear lack of competition inside his own bloc. The bottom line is, like most of the realistic political situations, it is extremely tough to take a side (only when someone is not paid to do the same). The sine qua non for having a luxury to choose amongst suitable candidates is their availability, and the truth is that we dont have too many viable options in this regard. Do we? Another Blast in Delhi, Who should be blamed Mahatma Gandhi has said There is enough in this World for a mans need but not for a mans greed. Greed is not limited to only money it can be of anything; for fame, for dominance, for religion and when greed takes over it takes away the ability of a man to think. It seems we Indians have become habituated to the bomb blasts. These blasts are happening the way festivals take place in our country. The recent one at Delhi, in front of High court has embarked a big question on law and order of the country. Whenever there is a blast, we call our dear ones, ensure their safety, feel bad for the dead ones and their family and resume our daily lives. Nature has always taught us to move on but it seems time has come for us to stop and think. Till when are we going to suffer like this? We rely on Govt. for our safety. But what is Govt.? Govt. is by the people, to the people and for the people . and the people is WE. So blaming Govt. is blaming ourselves only. It is not that we should leave our work; take a gun and start guarding our homes. No doubt it is the duty of the system , but who will run the system that we can definitely decide by our voting power. The easiest thing to do is criticise. We all want the system to change but no one is willing to come forward and take responsibility. These anti social elements, they do not deserve to be called humans, enter our country because somewhere we are at fault. Somewhere we are falling prey to their greedy plans. If we all raise our hands to fight how will they enter?? Its a shame for crores of Indians that few anti social elements enter our country, kill our countrymen and roam free. Is this acceptable?? We as a common man need to take some solid steps toward this as our government is failing to do so. If we do not act now these things will keep happening and we will leave this world with a shame that what a place we are leaving behind for our generations to live!! Not everyone can join police force but we can definitely be alert at our personal levels. We can be cautious around, we can raise the alarm whenever we sense some unusual activity. We have to keep our senses active. Govt too is responsible for safety of people and if they are failing than there is definitely a crack in working system of the Govt. We all want Govt. to change its attitude rather we want the Govt. officials to change. But wanting wont lead us anywhere. Changing the whole system is not a overnight process. To change a system we need to change ourselves, enter the system and be a part of it. It seems we all have forgotten our family. We come from families of brave people like Bhagat Singh, Chandrashekhar Azad, M.K. Gandhi and the list goes on. Its time for the common man to wake up from his sleep, think and act. Common man is the foundation of any nation. If the foundation is strong definitely the system will be strong and than will evolve a strong nation. A nation ours martyrs had dreamt of. Its time for us to rise. - Sonali Kolte Can Google circle (+1) beat Facebook Human Being is called the THE SOCIAL ANIMAL. Ever since he is born he has been living in communities and has formed societies. Within these societies people follow lots of customs and traditions. They always try to remain in contact with each other in every possible way. With the evolution of human understanding and expansion of communities, different communities have come in contact with each other. Weather it is for business or for any other reason. They have felt the necessity of communication and understanding. This gave birth to new languages and methods of communications. In early days long before the invention of electricity, methods of communication were very few and slow. But with invention of electricity electronic communication devices like telephone communication has become possible with lightning speed. Now what anyone can ask for more? But with invention of computers and there combination with telephony gave birth to INTERNET. With help of internet human (the social animal) have formed internet societies. So that they can share there experiences about there culture, traditions, technology. Thus internet forums are formed to know each other very well. Now all this practices gave birth to social networking sites. Some of the popular are Orkut, Myspace, Facebook etc. Large numbers of companies are involved in this profitable business of providing social networking services and community forum services to the users world wide through World Wide Web. So there is large competition among these companies to make large profit by running and providing social networking services to the users world wide more efficiently. So this involves lot of planning and implementing the strategies and counterstrategies. By designing these social networking sites more user friendly companies try to attract large number of users.

Facebook a very popular social networking site confounded by Mark Elliot Zuckerbug and his classmates Dustin Maskovitz, Eduardo Soverin and Chris Hughes in 2004 while they were students at Harvard University. This networking site became so popular that it have highest number of active users, about 750 million world wide as of July 2011. Now the question arises that why Facebook is so popular? In any networking site people remain in contact wit there friends, relatives etc. But what Facebook offers more is that people can share there views. By uploading there photos they can share there memories. And one can get popular if there views are appreciated by other and they hit the like button. Plus users can chat with there friends instantly. But as I said earlier there is tremendous competition among these companies to make large profit by attracting maximum number of users world wide. Now Google a software giant company has taken some crucial steps to attract maximum internet users across the globe. Google is an American international public corporation in software sector. Google was started as a search engine (a research project) in January 1996 by Larry Page and Sergey Brine as PhD students at Stanford University in California. Today the company offers online productivity software such as GMail(email service) and social networking tools including Orkut, application such as Google Chrome (a web browser), Picasa (a photo organizer and editor), Google talk (instant messaging application). Notably Google leads the development of Android mobile operating system. Now recently Google launched there social networking service GOOGLE PLUS abbreviated as G+ Also written as GOOGLE (+1) CIRCLES. Now Google Plus or Google (+1) integrates social services such as Google Profiles and Google Buzz and introduced new services- CIRCELS, HANGOUTS, SPARKS, and HUDDLES. It is Googles biggest attempt to rival the social network Facebook. Now there is only one ultimate question raised by many users, that is Can GOOGLE (+1) CIRCLES beat the FACEBOOK? The primary advantage for Facebook is that it has huge user database. That means people can find there friends and relatives in Facebook. In order to win, Google Plus has to offer many features better than Facebook and also bring all our friends in it. Well in my opinion I will give Google Plus a try for some of the basic strong reasons (1). First of all Google Plus is from Google. I trust Google they have been providing with lots of great services including search engines, Adsense, GMail as discussed earlier. (2). Google provides better privacy than Facebook. In Facebook they made it users responsibility to figure out and secure any private information the want to keep confidential. I believe the social networking sites should do it the other way. If I am novice my information should remain private and confidential until I figure out and make it public. (3). Google Plus gives more control on who sees what, but Facebook have just limited control. Google Plus brings the concept of circles where user can create various circles of friends, relatives, office etc. So users can choose which circle can see there messages. (4). Google Plus is integrated with other Google products, but Facebook is not and Google has large number of products that are used by millions of users and Google Plus is well integrated with many of these. (5). Google Plus offers much better collaboration, Facebook depends on third party applications. Google Plus comes with video chat and many other collaboration tools directly build into it. And collaboration in Facebook is limited to only text messages, photo sharing and chat within Facebook pages. (6). One demerit in Google Plus is that, Facebook offers few features like pages and groups. Which can be used to promote your business or use a personal blog? Google Plus does not have this built in feature, but in future it may be integrated with Google groups, a much more powerful and established group discussion platform. But as we discussed earlier to survive the competition new strategies and innovative ideas are implemented by social networking companies. But today I see Google Plus is winning the race Does Petrol, Diesel, Kerosene & Cooking gas price hike affect the people There are some commodities which affect the society on a very large scale in terms of economic as well as social fronts. Diesel, Kerosene and Cooking Gas come under such categories. While Diesel is used in industrial and agricultural work on a very large scale, Kerosene and Cooking Gas have direct relation to the last household of the country. Thus any increase in the price of these commodities directly affects the life of ordinary people. The very first consequence of diesel hike is increase in transportation charges that results in increase in price of almost all commodities and thus fuel inflation, which is already in double digit figure. Secondly hike in diesel price directly increase the cost of production of the farmers as diesel is used in almost all agricultural activities from irrigation to cultivation and transportation. Any increase in diesel price thus push farmers backward as there is no immediate relief, like increase in MSP (Minimum Support Price) or increased market price to their crops, to them. Hence any increase in diesel price has a very big impact on the society and worst affected is the poorest section. Increase in price of kerosene and cooking gas directly raise the price of meal and light to the citizens resulting more problems for the society already grappling with price rise and poverty. Cooking gas price rise also hamper Governments plan to promote the use of clean fuels for cooking in rural areas since people would not prefer costly cooking gas to other cheaper domestic alternatives (i.e. woods and uplas).

On the other hand increase in petrol price doesnt have any direct impact on the poor, it raises the fuel charges of personal vehicles, thus force people to move to the other cheaper options (i.e. diesel, LPG) which again increase subsidy burden on the government and cause misuse of subsidy given for welfare of the ordinary and poor people. As India import almost 75% of its petroleum needs, it is not possible for the government to maintain low prices of these commodities for a very long time when price of petroleum products increase day by day in the international market. It would increase subsidy burden on government and would result in more fiscal deficit. Hence to curb the negative impact, of such price rise, on the ordinary people we should change our policies regarding subsidy and APM (Administered Price Mechanism). We should identify the priority consumers and their need of a certain commodity and then make some blocks of consumers and decide adequate and different subsidy percentage for them (different for each block as per their capacity and need). Along with this, direct transfer of subsidy amount to their accounts will curb misuse of subsidies and lower the impact of such price rise on the most vulnerable section of the society. Promoting use of unconventional fuels for lighting and cooking (as solar power) will reduce the dependence on petroleum products and thus would also curb the impact of price rise of these products on the society. Thus it is obvious that any hike in the price of Diesel, Petrol, Kerosene and Cooking gas affect the society but by taking preventive and precautionary measures the impact on larger section can be reduced. Are cricketers beginning to give more importance to club level tournaments like IPL than playing for the country? Cricket also known as the Gentlemens game is one of the most quickly emerging game in modern times. There was a time when only England and Australia played competitive cricket but since the first world cup the Prudential Cup which took place in England to the current world cup held collectively in India, Srilanka, Bangladesh, it has captured the attention of millions of people and taken it to a new level. First came test cricket known as the original game which checks the quality and patience a player possess. Then came the 60 over cricket game played in white uniforms only during day but it was further advanced to a new and more attractive form called one day cricket with players spotting colored jerseys and matches being organized during night too and overs reduced to 50-50. Kerry Packer an Australian business tycoon gave cricket a new image by organizing the world cricket series and making it available to millions of viewers and fans who could watch their idols play and learn from them making it a global sport. Various county cricket tournaments started to be organized during this period only and latter being modified to suit the conditions .Players from various countries started joining various clubs like surrey, Lancashire, etc to play cricket and improve their level of game. Players like Kapil Dev, Sunil Gavaskar , Sachin Tendulkar and various prominent cricketers have all played county cricket and have been successful . Cricket for a cricketer is either a passion or a profession. There was a time when cricketers played cricket as a passion and considered playing for their countries as an ultimate dream. Now for many young cricketers the passion has turned into profession .There are many reasons for this shift 1. 2. 3. 4. Increased competition for a place in the national side has made them think to focus more on club cricket to gain exposure and survival. Glitz and glamour of club cricket has made them give more importance to club cricket to gain popularity. Club cricket provide reasonable and regular wages to the cricketers. Youngsters take club cricket as an opportunity to gain attention of national selectors.

Twenty-twenty form of cricket has gained ready acceptance from the audience and the players as well. Various events like IPL or BIG bash has come as a booty to the cricketers who were waiting for a chance to make it to the big stage. Availability of players in auctions has given a reasonable proof that players are giving more importance to the club cricket. Various players like Chris Gayle and Lasith Malinga has preferred club cricket over their country as the club provides more importance and better salary and fan following. The increased competition has for players to sign for various cricket leagues and earn something. A leading cricket expert says that it is sensible that the youngsters play in these events as it is better to play then to waste your talent then waiting for a chance in the national side. Cricket in order to be a global sport has adopted the the approach of various sports like football, basketball who organize these club events throughout the years so has the the players shifted their focus on club cricket to keep themselves busy by signing for various clubs. The players justify their playing of club cricket as an opportunity to improve their game and to grab a chance to represent their country. Few say that since their wait for a chance of playing cricket for their country is getting even more longer they see it as a chance to earn money and respect at club level . Club cricket has helped many cricketers to gain recognisation and fame .players like Keiron Pollard , Manish Pandey has earned great fame by playing club cricket and so they justify their playing of club cricket. Pollard says that IPL has made him built a place in the national side and represent his country.

The rise of club cricket has justified that playing at various clubs is treated as equally as playing for the country as the players learn more about cricket and experience . Poor and Rich Gap in India (Attitude towards the life is solution) Gap between poor and rich is a big issue in India. It has been in the list of main agenda of most of the big political parties in country and even now it is listed in the agenda but unfortunately there are not much progress in this regard although government and some NGO are actively taking part on activities, which are really very good to push the poor people status forward. In Economics term poor is the person who has less purchasing power and the rich is one who has more purchasing power. A person with less purchasing power is deeply affected because he cannot afford Goods and services which rich can afford and its safe to say without that he cannot changes his life style and standard of living. Poor rich gap can be in different forms some of the fields where the gap exist are Educational, Income, Life style, Housing requirement, food needs are the name of few. By above description it is clear that is most of the area poor are lagging. From long back poor people have been ignored by the government but ignoring poors and their demands is not the solution because with poverty not only poor suffers but country suffers as well. Poverty is one of the big hurdles in the way of Indian Economy. Poor people lives in mostly village area and in cities for the search of job. Government has done so many attempts for resolving this Gap all the plans some of them was the part of Five year plans and excellent concepts from the highly educated personalities but because of corruption it was not implemented in a way it could be, as a result it is taking so much time if everything would have done properly it could not be worst then today. Economic inequality: As they cannot afford the higher education people in this class are depend on their physical strength to earn and usually Labour class people works on factory or some other organization. There earnings and there purchasing power is extremely low and they are victim of the inflation in true sense. Lack of education and awareness about the things make them sick because they truly avoid the heath aspects of life or may be because they cannot afford the good stuffs and quality foods. Today situation is different and today the question is if government initiatives are great and helpful for poors then why are we not able to solve this problem from so long? If government is giving free education with the food then why the literacy rates in this segment is not measurable, if there are initiatives for free vaccination then why people are dying in big numbers. In my view only one will answer all these question and it is Lack of awareness and Motivation Only money is not the problem even Indian government is spending so much money on the poors and there are schemes like Employment guarantee scheme under which they get guarantee of having 100 days work with the best wages available and rice and others food commodities are available in very low cost for people who comes in below poverty line. So money is not the problem and even policies which provide money will not be sufficient to solve this problem permanently. What is missing is motivation people in low class are not motivated they are not able to maintain the label of motivation because they dont have clear goal defined for their goal there thinking is biased by their financial position. Until and unless we motivate the people and make all the basic facilities available to them its impossible to remove this problem from the society. Now the question is can we motivate others and the answer is absolutely not. Yes because motivation is an action one cannot act for others they have got to act for themselves, but inspiration is thinking and when thinking changes it reflects in the behaviours and which is long lasting and more permanent. There is some philosophy which experts think is useful to reduce the gap between the poor and rich person. Marxist philosophy is one of them according to this philosophy all the money should be distributed based on their material production capacity, in short it should be distributed equally and its required to remove the political inequality from society. But most of critics say this does not support so many principles on logical ground. I still feel India should improve its human capital we are still lagging in this area, A human which can generate the capital in measurable quantity is known as Human Capital. The countries where most of the people are educated are known as knowledge based country Ireland is known as knowledge based country because they are expert in using their education to improve the economy. We should learn lesion from them. Improvement in Human capital and programs to make poor aware about the facility that government is offering to them so that they come forward and get the benefit of it could be a good heads up. Programs from government side should be organized to motivate the poor people. There are no gap between poor and rich in actual sense, we have to make them believe and we have to take our poor brothers with us. Is Obesity a growing concern in India? In this century, people have become used to the fast paced life. This lifestyle change is, not only causing negative effects on their health, body and mind but also, becoming a cause of many chronic and cardiovascular diseases. Among these, the obesity is turning out to be a growing concern in the worlds population. Overweight and obesity were first considered a

problem of rich countries only, but now they have become a concern in poor countries also. India is not an exception to them and there are rising numbers of people in middle-class that are obese. India is following rising trends in obesity. With the industrialization, the country is becoming richer and the citizens are becoming obese and seeking medical help. People do not want to walk and prefer to drive to work. Rich people Statistics show that the country is on the urge of becoming a nation with more than half of its population being obese or suffering weight related illnesses and diseases. People are attracted towards processed foods. A lot of the Indian population has started relying on processed food which contains a huge percentage of Trans fat, sugars, and other unhealthy and artificial ingredients. The fat build up in a persons body may cause them to suffer from chronic diseases and severe illnesses.A few years ago operations and surgeries were not needed because people were active and did not rely on processed food. These days plastic surgeons and doctors are in high demand to perform surgeries to make a person look slimmer and prevent their bodies against diseases. People in this era have no time to exercise due to their busy schedule. Many who want to exercise dont have time to due to the commitments they have made. People need to start managing their time accordingly so they have some time of their busy life devoted for exercising. They need to make an agenda for the day and find some time which they can use to exercise. Another reason why obesity is a concern is due to alcohol and drugs. Much of the population is not aware of the side effects of alcohol and drugs. We need to educate people about the negative effects of drugs on ones body. Substance abuse can lead to obesity and cause chronic diseases. The government in India should start implementing their concerns for obesity in schools. Children these days are not aware of the diseases obesity can cause. We need to increase child awareness in India and start helping the ones who have chosen the come path to come back on track. As a nation we can help those who have took unhealthy decisions by spreading the word and starting new organizations which would go help people in the community lose weight. Residents in India should stop going to fat food restaurants and eating food there. We need to stand together and stop the build up of new fast food franchise in our community so the residents wont have to face the consequences which affect their health. Eating a little amount of fast food in a month is okay for the body but not every day or every two weeks. People need to realize that all this fat will block their blood arteries and they may suffer from illnesses and chronic diseases. There are lots of ways to reduce obesity. One of them is that one should eat a fruit salad instead of eating sweets. Sweets are high in sugar and glucose. Another is to eat more green vegetables. There are lots of foods that have low levels of fat which people would enjoy eating. To stop this increase of obesity in India people need to take action about it at an earlier stage. Everyone should exercise daily and eat healthy food. Even stress sometimes is related to obesity. A person should always be relaxed and not stress out about a little concern. Supermarkets Today India is shining on the world map. It enjoys the privilege of being one of the fastest growing economies. This robust and sound economic growth which has made India a cynosure among developing countries is sustained by retail sector to a large extent. RETAIL SECTOR AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN OUR ECONOMY Retail sector is a market for people of all classes whether rich or poor. Retail sector to a large extent comprises of small time traders, pavement vendors, small store owners and the like. They cater to the demands of both the affluent as well as low income groups by providing a variety of goods and services at affordable prices. Retail sector is also a major source of income and livelihood to a large section of population. It is a broad economic forum that provides new avenues of employment opportunities and entrepreneurship to the youth as well as to the vast uneducated and unskilled workforce of our country. Thus retail sector is indispensable in our economy. Till now small time traders operating in open markets had enjoyed monopoly in this sector. But today their unrivalled and undisputed position is being challenged by the emergence of a new business enterprise-the supermarkets. SUPERMARKETS-A RETAIL OUTLET FORNEW CLASS OF CUSTOMERS Supermarkets are newly established market phenomenon in our country which came into existence after Liberalization. These provide a variety of goods and services under one roof. These have received immense customer response in a very short span of time. After Liberalization, the markets of our country were opened to global competitiveness. Our economy was exposed to an unprecedented level of opportunities. Tremendous FDI inflow and outsourcing to Multinational Companies have generated a lot of capital in the economy. At the same time to compete and assert ourselves in the global market our economy adapted to new methods of working which aim at maximizing efficiency of production processes through technological and with minimum investment. So the goods and services sector such as manufacturing and IT which could cater to these new demands received a major thrust in our economic planning. The new found capital was utilized in creation of IT parks, SEZ,

infrastructure development and for industrial expansion. All this helped in generation of massive employment opportunities among the skilled youth and educated middle class. So, now the capital has passed on into the hands of the middle class. As a result their purchasing power also increased. With this new found buying power there has been a drastic change in the tastes and preferences of consumers from price-linked to quality and value linked product and services. At the same time there has been a dramatic shift in the cultural trend among people especially among generation-Y and middle aged groups who have been exposed to western ideology in the wake of Globalization. Today joint family has been replaced by nuclear family as a result of industrialization, globalization and liberalization. People aspire to lead a life of comfort and luxury. Both husband and wife work for higher earnings. This has increased the pace of life and essence of value of time. This lifestyle demands services that keep up with the pace and offer convenience and value. This is where the supermarkets come in. Their concept of providing all quality goods and services at the same place fits proudly into this newly formed culture. So, supermarkets cater to the needs of the newly rising urban middle class. The success of supermarkets threatens to shatter the age-old foundation of our retail sector governed mostly by small time traders and shop owners. SUPERMARKETS-A THREAT TO UNORGANISED RETAIL-MYTH OR REALITY Supermarkets tend to exploit the principle of comparative cost advantage. The enhance the sale of their products by offering quality and branded commodities at discount rates and also by the introduction of several new incentive schemes to attract the customers. Any small retailer in the vicinity of supermarket offering inferior products with higher prices will face immense competition from it and find it exceedingly difficult to survive his business in the market. Availability of and access to credit and capital help the supermarkets to implement and exploit technological benefits which remain far from the reach of small store owners mostly on the account of lack of sufficient credit. This helps supermarkets to gain an upper hand over the small retailers. Availability of huge financial resources also help supermarkets to offset any initial operating costs and losses. As compared to supermarkets the capital required to set up a small retail shop is very small as well as its operating costs are also low. But a small store owner lacks the requisite capital necessary to survive in the market in the event of heavy losses. Small store owners obtain their commodities for sale mostly from distributors of wholesale markets at a bargained price. The small retailers then sell these products and services to customers and earn a marginal profit. However the process of retail consolidation which supermarkets are increasingly undertaking is likely to hurt small retailers. This is because supermarkets demand massive sales volume of manufacturers and distributors. So the distributors would be more willing to cater to the demands of supermarkets rather than small retailers. Supermarkets have better storage facilities and an efficient transport system that enables them to ensure speedy and effective distribution of goods and services in a cost-effective and economical manner. Small retailers especially in wetmarkets that comprise of subji mandis are at a greater disadvantage in this context as they have to supply perishable commodities like fruits and vegetables with no storage system available at their disposal. The emergence of supermarkets or organized retail has definitely increased the level of competition. It has also challenged the livelihood of small retailers to certain extent. But the organized retail as identified by malls, multiplexes, supermarkets and hypermarkets is still at nascent stage in India. Unlike the developed economies where organized retail has replaced small traders and shop owners, the retail sector in our country is still dominated by small retailers. So it is imprudent to conclude that our retail sector in coming years would eventually succumb to the dominance of organized retail. There are several aspects of the unorganized retail comprising of small retailers and customer psyche that need to be considered before we make any conclusion. 1. The small retailers have begun to adapt to the changing market scenario and in tune with customer tastes and preferences. To attract the customers they have introduced several innovative services such as telephone order for various commodities, home delivery and even procurement of branded items on demand for customers. Long-term association with customers due to provision of such facilities helps to develop a bond of loyalty with them. Such customers are not easily drawn towards supermarkets. The small retailers have also learnt to focus on customer/product niches where the can add value where large retail chains cannot. These include sale of goods and services such as medicines, gifts and greeting cards that customers require unexpectedly and immediately. So, they prefer to buy from their nearest retailer rather than from a distant supermarket. Customer psyche also plays a pivotal role towards their orientation towards a particular type of market. Most of the middle income groups which are the potential targets of supermarkets believe that such big retail chains are expensive. So, they usually stick to their small retailers. In regard to food items, most Indians have a habit of procuring fresh food products rather than processed and packaged items. So, here the small grocery vendors who replenish their stock on a daily basis have an upper edge over supermarkets.

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Supermarkets usually flout that their major customers are the affluent. But the reality is that a majority of rich people have a tendency to send their servants to markets to fetch for their day-to-day necessities. The servants usually feel intimidated by supermarkets. So, they turn to their friendly neighbourhood Kirana store. Rural India turns to small retailers for its necessities. Rural areas have yet remained untouched from supermarkets.

So, what we see is that our unorganized retail consisting of small retailers is evolving to meet the new challenges of present scenario. This sector is here to stay. STRENGTHENING THE UNORGANISED RETAIL Supermarkets have been able to strengthen their roots in our country because these are the need of the hour. These are essential to meet the challenges of changing lifestyle of people in modern time. In India supermarkets are still in a blossoming stage. However in future there are ample opportunities for its expansion. But at the same time we must also understand that supermarkets present a significant challenge to the livelihood of small time traders and shop owners that form a major part of our unorganized retail sector. These are mostly low and middle income groups. Their expulsion from the market by the dominance of supermarkets can have serious social ramifications in the form of increased unemployment and perpetuation of poverty. In the light of this, we must strengthen our unorganized retail by ensuring better access to credit from banks and microfinance institutions, modernization of wetmarkets such as mandis through public private partnership, providing better infrastructure facilities and promoting new innovative market strategies to small retailers to enable them to compete effectively. At the same time we must also regulate the expansion of supermarkets. Supermarkets and small retailers can co-exist in harmony if we generate a conducive environment for their growth. Its benefit would eventually fall upon the customers who would be able to enjoy the fruits of both the market systems. Cricket Introduction It is an open impression by a fanatic cricket scientist "if cricket is religious in the world,sachin is god"a man of phenomenal human qualities of sachin tendulkar can be a god or not with common sense ,truly cricket has patronised itself as no less than a religion,that nurtures its followers as all other religions do in india. it is that because the other sports too like cricket too deserves a status of respect,if not like a fan following religion cricket is made out to be has gone in for asylum speeking outside india,because of the treatment meted out to it.however, it is conspicuously yes . and partially no.hence from the voice of an endangered cult of other sports,these sports too deserves its 'primordial' respect and status like cricket through amicable approach,development and research with well attention paid to it.it is not a non-achievable task to step aback, thinking the whooping profit we may not succeeding by marching outside cricket,but a relentless movement that needs bees' like cooperation to shape such sports'future like its honey professionally from its nesting for an unbiased common sports culture and practise in india. An Inclusive Approach : An inclusive approach of institutions that educates sports has to imparted and socially patronised by many 'altruist' hearts of sports lovers from every spheres of life can empower and encourage such sports from swiming outside the 'ocean of cricket' above its thumping tides in manovering their sheer survival. Such a change of culture and custom in the common practise of sports frrom the billion hearts in india can overpower the island sports alongside cricket in taking on the sole imperialism of cricket galatta in india.even a nudge to cricket can be spared to uphold the sovereignity of other sports than cricket,for its domination can be viewed only for the sheer survival of all other sports alongside cricket,in particular. India Home to All Sports: Hence a mobilised institutions,that enlarges the scope of such other sports of suppression to ponder away cricket with robust'unharmful' radiation of confidence achievable through its hardwork and results,and research can create a india that divulge a single sport hegemony rather help in nurturing an amicable atmosphere in the indian sky,that ensues All other sports alike cricket in embarking on the sports, of 'career coloured with adventures and achievements'. Reality Shows 2) Are reality shows like Rakhi ka Insaaf, Big Boss, Splitsvilla, Emotional Atyachaar, Roadies etc having a positive effect on youngsters? Do you think they disturb the moral fabric of the nation? Over the last few months the issues of morals and morality have re-entered the Indian mind-space consequent upon the sudden decision on the part of the government to relegate reality television shows or at least some of them from prime timeslots to late night viewing. The stated reasons for such a move are related to the issues of obscenity and inappropriateness for family viewing, the implication being that in such shows, moral codes are being in some way, breached. The issue of morals and values and globalization of the reality shows from western culture into our social fabric corrupting our 5000 year old culture. Highly sensitized and overtly manipulated in the scripted reality shows are responsible for spoiling

the smooth fabric of our society, thus encouraging money mindedness, voyeurism and sadistic pleasure. Shows like Emotional atyachar, roadies, raaki ka insaaf, khatron ki khiladi are very much responsible for some kind of mishappenings. Dr. P. D. Kaushik, associate director of the Rajiv Gandhi Foundation, said that such shows only promote a disregard for values and result in the collapse of the moral fabric of the society, channels do not mind exploiting the youth in order to gain T.R.Ps. Last year one of the justice seekers is dead lived in Prem nagar,Jhansi in Madhya Pradesh, who participated in show as he was stopped eating and drinking and died. So far they have not filed a case against the show Raaki ka Insaaf, as the title seems problem solver. But it is the most disgusting show on Indian TV. Similarly the splitsvilla, a show conducted in MTV spoils the nature of the Indian girls whom they fighting for the attraction of guys. Also on watching the reality shows like roadies attract the youths by conducting the races among themselves in cities which also results in some horrible accidents. And emotional atyachar is a reality show which playing game is life of many people in conducting the loyalty tests which helps in eroding the relationships that are built on trust. Moreover some popular types of reality shows are game shows, talent hunts, dating shows, supernatural and paranormal shows etc.,. These shows despite all criticism have become an essential part of peoples daily lives. But what we fail to realize is that we are harming our nave ones big time. Children with their impressionable minds and over sensitive nature susceptible to the slightest of forces, become hopeless victims of these shows. In 2008 a 16 year old girl shinjony sunk into depression and eventually was paralysed after being severely rebuked by the judges in a Bengali dance reality show. All said making hay while the sun shines though with precaution and responsibilities is the need of the tough hour. Television production houses need to realize that, they, being the biggest form of media have huge social responsibilities to fulfill towards children, households and society, for they cant escape scot free from the sharp glare of the society and law. Do Schools Put Too Much Pressure on Kids In the 21st century, the lifestyle of a common person is, traveling with lightening speed. A speed mingled with cut-throat competition to hoist the flag of success in the desired field, all with the budding population and limited opportunities, paves a path of a slow and steady race. Initiating kids from nursery to high school gates, parents hope for the best in every step. But unaware that the education systems are commercial complexes built with piles of money, that only emphasizes learning knowledge for a better standard of living but ceased morals of life. Now a days, education plays a vital role for any gender. This demand calls for more upcoming schools that provide the best for kids, so there lays a brand competition between schools. Simultaneously they prepare an army to shoulder their brand name. All these acts are to advertise their student resource as their brand ambassadors, in order to achieve this goal, they impel and instruct the kids to be over smart, and are pressurized with various concepts than their small minds can absorb. Recently, we can see a number of competitive entrance exams. All these mind-tricking exams are even loaded on small kids, just to stand in a smart school. Coming across these smart schools, we may find a military teaching, that efforts to weigh heavy projects on the little shoulders of kids. In course of all these teachings, a fast trend of exam pattern confuses their small brains. The best example we see in these days is weekly to monthly exams, that encourages high-level competitions, and acts as a filter for the schools to bring up their limited student resource, and to provide the best guidance only for these selected kids. This pushes others to study to their fate. Within these cooperate schools, many higher level studies like AIEE is introduced in lower classes itself. In olden days, holidays used to ring bells of fun and joy for the kids, a lovely time with their loved ones. These special times are lost, in the burdens of home work and extra classes to fulfill syllabus plans. At every step, kids are suffering from high-level stress. They are growing with a robotic mechanism in these years. With no further delay, every school should see the tenderness of kids, feel their interests and know that they are fragile hearts. Let us see to the future, where education is knowledge, divine, and a fragrance of blooming kids happiness. Empowering Women Rebuilding the Society To awaken the people, it is the women who must be awakened. Once she is on the move, the family moves, the village moves, the nation moves.-Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. In India, today, women appear to rule the roost. India as a nation is revered in a feminine form i.e. the Bharat Mata, the first citizen of our country presently is a woman, many important government posts are occupied by women and educated women are pouring into the professional workforce with profound implications for national and multinational corporations. However, ironically, these are accompanied by news about dowry killings, female infanticide, domestic violence against women, sexual harassment, rape, illegal trafficking and prostitution and myriad others of the same ilk.

Gender discrimination prevails in almost all areas, be it social, cultural, economic or educational. An effective remedy for these evils needs to be sought in order to ensure the Right to Equality guaranteed by the Constitution of India, to the fairer sex. Gender equality facilitates the empowerment of women. Since education begins at home, the upliftment of women would be accompanied by the development of the family, the society and in turn, would lead towards a holistic development of the nation. Among these problems the foremost that needs to be addressed is the atrocity committed against females at birth and during childhood. Female infanticide i.e. killing of the female child is still a common practice in many of the rural areas. Further female foeticide is common in some parts of India, despite the passage of Prenatal Diagnostic techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection) Act in 1994. In case they survive, they are subjected to discrimination throughout their lives. Traditionally, since sons are thought to take care of their parents during old age and daughters are considered a burden because of dowry and other expenses that have to be incurred during their marriage, female children are neglected in the matters of nutrition, education and other important aspects of wellbeing. The Sex ratio in our country is abysmally low. It was only 933 females per 1000 males according to the 2001 census. The Sex ratio is an important indicator of development. Developed countries usually have Sex ratios above 1000. For instance, the USA has a Sex ratio of 1029, Japan 1041 and Russia 1140. In India, Kerala is the state with the highest Sex ratio of 1058 and Haryana is one with the lowest value of 861. During their youth, females face the problem of early marriage and childbirth. They are not cared for properly during pregnancy leading to many cases of maternal mortality. The MMR (Maternal Mortality Rate) i.e. the number of females dying during delivery per one lakh persons, in India is 437(as in 1995). In addition, they are subjected to harassment for dowry and other forms of domestic violence. Further, at the work place, public places and elsewhere, acts of violence, exploitation and discrimination are rampant. Various steps have been taken by the government to prevent such abuses and to empower women. Criminal laws against sati, dowry, female infanticide and foeticide, eve teasing, rape, immoral trafficking and other offences relating to women have been enacted in addition to civil laws like the Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act 1939, the Hindu Marriage Act 1955 and other Matrimonial enactments. The Prevention of Domestic Violence Act has been passed in 2005. A National Commission for Women (NCW) has been set up. Other measures by the government include provision of reservation in representation and education, allocation for the welfare of women in the five year plans, provision of subsidized loan facilities and so on. The year 2001 has been declared as the women empowerment year by the Government of India and 24th January as the National Girl Child Day. The 108th Constitutional Amendment Bill, popularly known as the Womens Reservation Bill which seeks to reserve one-third of seats for women in the Lok Sabha and the State Legislative Assemblies has been a highlight in the recent times. It was passed in the Rajya Sabha on March 9th 2010. Though well intended, it can have little, if any, tangible consequences for the real empowerment of women since it does not touch upon the core issues which plague them. The solution must envisage a two-pronged attack, on the one hand, on tradition which is responsible for assigning a low status for women in the society and on the other hand, the outrages perpetrated against them. The proposed Prevention of Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Bill, 2010 is a good move in that direction. Mass campaigns need to be organized especially in the villages in favour of survival of the female child and provision of human rights for her, including education and health. It is essential to dispel the ghosts of the past and place women on an equal footing with men in order to pave the way for their empowerment, social, economic and educational. Empowering women and thus rebuilding the society would take the nation on a path of greater development, as Swami Vivekananda says, Countries and Nations which do not respect women have never become great nor will ever be in future. Globalization will kill Small-Scale Industries in India Globalization is the metamorphosis of the individual nations into an integrated entity by means of their interconnection on an economic, social and cultural level, fuelled by easy transport and communication among them. It is the modern renaissance that makes ideas, goods, services, trade, technology and culture permeate into the entire geography of the world thus turning it into a global village. While globalization is a large scale phenomenon, small scale enterprises are a local phenomenon but having effects of dimensions as large as its global friend and foe. Friend- because both globalization and small scale industries are the two wheels of the vehicle of economic growth and prosperity; foe- because some argue that given the developing nation that India

is, Small Scale Industries(SSIs) can suffer and strangulate to death by the fierce competition put up by globalization. Let us observe and decide. Micro and small scale enterprises have existed in India since ages in the form of traditional skills and knowledge based products made by people for the self sufficiency of rural India. Today as per the government definition, An industrial undertaking in which the investment in fixed assets in plant and machinery whether held on ownership terms on lease or on hire purchase does not exceed Rs. 10 million, can be categorized as small scale undertaking. After independence, the Indian government made various laws to help revive and flourish the SSI because of the employment potential it had at a low capital cost. It needed mediocre technical knowledge and minimal infrastructure to set up. Thus it was and is the most ideal form of employment opportunity for both the urban and rural population. It not only encourages entrepreneurship among people but also makes them self reliant. Govt. funding, support and intensive promotion has aided people to participate more in this successful phenomenon making SSI the second largest employment sector after agriculture. It forms about 45-50% of our exports. The products also form a large percentage of our domestic market too with SSI producing a number of products like confectionaries, spices, beverages, natural essence oils, dyes, sports goods, wooden furniture, glass, ceramic and earthen wares, cotton and woolen knitted products, silk and synthetic wear, leather shoes, bags, garments and novelty items, plastic items, survey instruments, auto parts, clocks and watches, musical instruments, lab chemicals, basic metallic and non-metallic mineral products. They are the dynamic sectors of our economy. It also leads to the preservation of many traditional and indigenous skills and products our country is famous for. It is the road to rural industrialization and rural urbanization thus creating a regional balance. India was self reliant and self sufficient but with the march of the world towards industrialization India found its closed policy of trade leading to an impending economic crisis. The main reason behind this was the focus of efforts on heavy industries and lack of it on the consumption goods. From 1991 India witnessed a major change as the govt. introduced liberalization, privatization and globalization reforms to pep up the economy. Soon the world realized what a big 1billion-population-market India was. They brought their goods to India which were mass produced and therefore cheaper and of better quality than the local goods. They started challenging the SSI and thus posed an end to them. Further with the introduction of Special Economic Zones (SEZs), the MNCs were facilitated with areas with liberal economic and trade laws, round the clock facilities and concessions to enhance foreign investments and promote exports. This endangered the existence and survival of SSIs. But this is not the complete picture. A lot of foreign entrepreneurs who do not have the time or funds to build the infrastructure for their own manufacturing unit in India engage a number of SSI owners to produce goods for them in a short span of time and sell them to cater to the international demand. In other words they outsource the manufacturing to the Indians. Thus it leads to more labour absorption and growth of SSIs. Many of the SSIs have turned into LSIs this way. Also the demand for SSI goods will never finish as a lot of their products are not lucrative options for the MNCs. For example, the incense sticks or agarbatties, bangles, pickles, etc. are not a catch for LSIs but have a constant demand and thus SSIs have a great opportunity in identifying such areas. So it can be said that both globalization and SSIs are the essentials of Indian economy and India must make efforts to promote, sustain and aid both in a fair and unbiased way. A fruitful measure would be to reserve certain goods for production exclusively by the SSIs and their intelligent outsourcing by the govt. to ensure maximum benefits. Also the govt. should advertise the indigenous goods worldwide so that the foreign folk also go in for the ethnic items produced here like khadi, silk, wool, statues, gems, ornaments, etc. as these represent the traditional art form and culture of the region. As far as the financial aids are concerned, the govt. is doing good work to make things simple and possible for the interested individuals by funding and financial support. Also the setting up of institutes for technical training and skill enhancement of the workforce is helping in a big way. While globalization has put us on the map of superpower countries, SSIs have empowered the common man to walk with the same stride as the big-wigs. For India to be a superpower, it is must make efforts to strengthen each and every thread of its economic fabric to make the flag of its success fly high Effects of Technology So often these days we hear and speak of the conquest of nature, the taming of a river, the war against insects and so on. Often these phrases are used without consciously attaching any value to them, but they have underlying them an attitude of hostility towards Nature & its creatures, a viewpoint which seems to assume nature as an enemy that needs to be vanquished. Alternatively, nature is seen merely as a resource to be exploited to take the maximum out of it, regardless of what this does to natural processes & to other creatures which depend on these processes. It is this attitude which sees fellow humans too as a resource to be exploited or other human communities as enemies to be conquered. Well, most of this destruction of nature is mainly because of the fast-running human mind and the more rapidly increasing advancements in the modern day technology. Science and its inventions over the centuries have made life easier & enjoyable. Its application has proved to be a blessing in more ways than one. The first significant advancement in technology was the invention of fire around 1 million years ago, this enabled humans to cook food, and create other items such as spears and utensils. Technology now has improved sharply, and with TVs, MP3s, Computers etc., our way of life has changed. We have become the people of modern ideas and innovations & this shows our stinking richness.

With the introduction of Mp3s, TVs and computers, life for humans have become easier but also lazier. Obesity in children is at peak levels in India, United States, etc. Kids are preferring to stay at home and play computer games rather than going out and socializing like they used to. Quite simply kids are losing their social life, getting fatter and are having low academic achievements all because of their addictive games on Xboxes, Play Stations etc. But not only the children, it has also affected lives of adults.Cell phones can cause brain tumors and computers cause problems with your hands and fingers, and posture. So is technology really helping us? Are the pros outweighing the cons. Should we take the risks? We have probably heard that listening to music at high volume levels from iPod can damage our hearing capability but have we cared how other gadgets are also causing damage to our overall health? Cell phones, microwave ovens and even the little Bluetooth device that we have attached to our ear causes radiation that might cause harm to our natural health. Technology has helped the nature as well, as it helps us to determine when disaster is going to struck, also when earth will vanish and many other theories, but Technology is necessary but not always a positive influence in modern life. This issue has especially come into vogue in the last decade due to the mind-boggling pace of technology. Technology has really been very hazardous to the environment as well. The modern world gadgets use technology of radiations and other harmful rays that have immense affect on the environment. They imbalance all the processes in turn causing a great affect on the entire living world and also the eco-cycle. Now, coming to geosciences. It has largely affected the earth and the environment as it involves digging up of the earth to extract various resources of ones daily need. This in turn has led to over-exploitation of the resources all around the world. These resources take millions of years to be converted from the fossil fuels, organic matter. But due to extreme usage of them they are getting depleted. Technology, when misused, poisons air, soil, water and lives. But a world without technology would be prey to something worse: the impersonal ruthlessness of the natural order, in which the health of a species depends on relentless sacrifice of the weak. The fastest growing network of Google is not too far away from this destructive activity. The search engine which has won the hearts of many with its speed has created various problems as well. The problem lies in the way Google works. Using a search engine generates CO2 emissions because the search request goes to more than one server that can be thousands of miles apart. Google have servers in the US, Europe, Japan and China. According to a recent study reveals that doing a Google search can emit anywhere between 1 and 10g of CO2 depending on whether or not the computer had to be switched on. Thus the need of the hour is to adhere to more environmentally friendly practices such as switching to fluorescent bulbs and driving electric cars which is referred to as Going Green. Recycling material goods, using alternative energies and buying local goods are all components of the Green lifestyle. Nowadays, jute & paper bags are encouraged rather than plastic bags to carry various materials. Green Games (Commonwealth Games) will also be held in India & their motto would be to reduce environmental degradation. The purpose of this overhaul of lifestyle is to heal the environment of the damage that has been done to it by human existence. A noble cause indeed, but one that could possibly have negative side effects. So are we going to stop using Google for our searches? Technology will inevitably continue to grow, but we have to ask Is technology doing more harm than good? Corruption In India Corruption is Social Evil Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. In its simplest sense, corruption may be defined as an act of bribery or misuse of public position or power for the fulfillment of selfish motives or to gain personal gratifications. It has also been defined as "Misuse of authority as a result of consideration of personal gain which need not be monetary". In recent Centuries India has earned a place among the THREE most corrupt countries in the world. Corruption in India is a consequence of the nexus between Bureaucracy, politics and criminals. India is now no longer considered a soft state. It has now become a consideration state where everything can be had for a consideration. Today, the number of ministers with an honest image can be counted on fingers. At one time, bribe was paid for getting wrong things done but now bribe is paid for getting right things done at right time. It is well established that politicians are extremely corrupt the world over. In fact, people are surprised to find an honest politician. These corrupt politicians go scot-free, unharmed and unpunished. Leaders like Lal Bahadur Shastri or Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel are a rare breed now who had very little bank balance at the time of death. The list of scams and scandals in the country is endless. Now Recently Before Start 2010 Commen Wealth Games Corruption is playing major role with commen wealth games. The Bofors payoff scandal of 1986 involved a total amount of Rs 1750 crore in purchase of guns from a Swedish firm for the Army. The Cement scandal of 1982 involved the Chief Minister of Maharashtra, the Sugar Scandal of 1994 involved a Union Minister of State for food, the Urea Scam and of course no one can forget Hawala Scandal of 1991, the Coffin-gate, fodder scam in Bihar or the Stamp scandal which shocked not only the political arena but the entire society.

Is it possible to contain corruption in our society? Corruption is a cancer, which every Indian must strive to cure. Many new leaders when come into power declare their determination to eradicate corruption but soon they themselves become corrupt and start amassing huge wealth. There are many myths about corruption, which have to be exploded if we really want to combat it. Some of these myths are: Corruption is a way of life and nothing can be done about it. Only people from underdeveloped or developing countries are prone to corruption. We will have to guard against all these crude fallacies while planning measures to fight corruption. It is not possible to kill or remove the corruption by improving the Social-economic conditions of the . Because we all know that the most of the people who are corrupted are not economically or socially backward, surely they will be having a notable social status. "Despite a decade of progress in establishing anti-corruption laws and regulations, these results indicate that much remains to be done before we see meaningful improvements in the lives of the world's poorest citizens." The following steps should be considered to eradicate corruption: Greedy business people and unscrupulous investors should stop bribing the political elites.Dont be either at the receiving or at the bribing end. Political elites should stop putting their private gains before the welfare of citizens and economic development of their regions. Government should include a chapter in text books related to corruption and its desire consequences. We are all need to stop talking about Corruption but we right now start ourself take the initiative and be Brave ourself. Corruption is going to end only when people like us stand up and speak out. If we do not take step forward to remove corruption from root, the word developing country will always be attached with our country INDIA . So we the common man are solution for removing corruption from our INDIA and hence we will be also helpful in making our country developed. It is possible..todays generation is willing to change this system. And soon corruption is gone out from India.Every person should have his own responsibility to avoid corruption A strong youth movement in the country only can remove corruption and each student should take a vow to begin this exercise courageously within the family-Former President Dr.A.P.J.Abdul Kalam What is Nuclear Non Proliferation? What is really meant by Nuclear Non Proliferation? In simple explanation, those countries who have accepted the Non Proliferation Treaty, have accepted the right of a few powers to have and develop their nuclear weapons. On the other hand, the nations that have the view that, nuclear weapons contribute defence of the last resort, believe in the norm of nuclear proliferation. In reality, the majority of the nations of the world have had no say in evolving nuclear norms since this technology was almost unknown to them. If nuclear Non Proliferation is the international norm, it is these powers who have conveniently exempted themselves from all inspections and they allow all technology transfer among themselves. Even to-day, the five major nuclear powers do not commit themselves to the ultimate goal of a world that will be free of nuclear weapons. These nations advocate capping of all the non nuclear nations to prevent them from developing their know how and capability. In the comity of nations if some nations continue to keep their weapon laboratories and do not allow any inspection of the same, and also continue to go ahead with their researches in the subject, how can non-proliferation ever become a yardstick or a norm? if the non nuclear countries are to accept capping their nuclear projects, all the nuclear powers should also be brought under international scrutiny. These double standards in the nuclear race cannot hold for long to any sense of common and natural justice. It is against all norms of natural justice that, the big powers continue to delve in their nuclear projects and the same five powers continue to ask the other nations to stop it all forthwith. If non-proliferation is to be the norm then why is the united States promoting proliferation of British nuclear missiles? Today if the agreement between United States and Russia was to be implemented a number of weapons with most of the powers will be found to be many times more than what they were when the NPT was signed. Is this how the world is expected to observe the non-proliferation norms? It is this discrimination among powers of the world which India has been strongly opposed to. Indias view is quite in line with laws of natural justice for India says that, either all powers big and small destroy all their nuclear weapons and simultaneously also stop all work on it, or, all powers, big or small should be allowed to grow into nuclear powers. On the face of it, Indias view is absolutely logical and in all fairness but, the brother the United States of America has been urging India to sign the Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty (NPT). India however feels that elimination of nuclear armaments is a global problem and not just a regional problem. India has been producing plutonium from the mid sixties which means that, India has been having access to weapons material for quite a long time.

If India is not willing to sign the NPT, the United States suggests that, India and Pakistan should hold bi-lateral talks on the nuclear problem and find a solution. The United States has also suggested a Conference of five nations i.e. India, Pakistan, United States, Russia and China. To this suggestion, the response of China was that, it would be willing to participate in the said Conference only if its own arsenal would not be a topic of discussion. On the other hand, India feels that, apart from Pakistan it has to take serious note of the highly developed nuclear arsenal of China. However, besides India and Pakistan, there are more nuclear powers in the Asia Pacific region, for instance Israel has a nuclear arsenal, North Korea has plutonium production reactor, Japan and South Korea can develop nuclear weapons if they so desire. In general the list of such countries would include Germany, Canada, Italy, Sweden Spain etc., Thus in order to make such a Conference a reality a large number of countries would have to be included, some nuclear states, some nuclear capable states which not have signed the NPT, and also some states that have signed the NPT, but can develop nuclear weapons fairly well. In this process the initiative was taken by Rajiv Gandhi who foresaw a time bound elimination of all nuclear weapons. However though our ultimate target has to be total elimination of all nuclear weapons we have to prepare a long term plan in the time table. In reality, the United States does not foresee elimination of all nuclear weapons in the near future so, in these circumstances we expect other nuclear weapons States and nuclear weapon capable states also to retain their weapons. Though the non proliferation seems to be a distant dream, there are certain elements which may be agreed upon by most countries. Firstly, the Comprehensive and universal test ban, secondly an agreement on non use of nuclear weapons, and thirdly transfer of nuclear technology should be subject to peaceful use provision. Seeing the Yugoslav situation, the Gulf War, and a lot of other turmoil all over the world the talk of one world appears to be quite a misnomer. In such a situation, India can not be expected to dismantle its nuclear capability that has been built up in the span of the last forty years, and that also at the behest of the big brother, the United States wants it to be so. India on the contrary must maintain and also develop its nuclear capability and nurture high technologies. Lessons to be learnt from nuclear energy are of vital importance for developing self reliance, that cannot be overlooked in the hope of much talked of globalization.

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Some people think that students who dont take a break in studies between a high school and a university are at disadvantage compared to students that travel and work after high school before furthering their education. Do you agree or disagree? Nowadays, in our competitive world, to succeed, knowledge from school and university is not enough. Therefore, the student who study from the school to university get benefit less and contribute less too, than those of student who travel or work and get experience and skills before going high. There are two following reasons to prove for my opinion. I call the group of people who study from school to university is group A and the other group is group B. Firstly, at school and university, what group A gain is almost theory, theory and theory. Of course, theory is very neccessary, however, you cant do everything with theory. You must have praticeable experience. This is what group A lack very much. Although in the third of forth year at university, group A can be apprentices in some companies, to help them approach their future jobs, they arent trained well because of short time. And the real job is still very strange with them. After graduating, without experience, group A cant accomplish their work perfectly. On the other hand, it takes them time and money to keep up with other experienced ones and may be scorned. Therefore, group A can contribute less than group B who have the most two important things: skills and experience. Secondly, as group A is contributing less, they surely get less benefit. Moreover, many companies which employ people in group A have to train them from the back-ground. These companies take this cost from group As salary to get rid of the fact that their employees may leave after being trained to other companies. So, less benefit is unavoidable and certain, Whereas group B members are more loyal and effective workers. They also have useful experience and skills. Besides, their education is the same as or even higher than group A. As the result, group B gets more benefit absolutely. In conclusion, I think student should travel or work before going to the university. That way, not only will they have basic knowledge but also skills and experience which are useful for them to get a good job and have a brilliant future. We are becoming increasingly dependent on computers. They are used in business, crime detection and even to fly planes. What things will they be used for in future? Is this dependence on computers a good thing or should we be more suspicious of their benefits?

Today computers are used almost everywhere, it is impossible to imagine our life without PCs, Internet, hand phones and other computer devices. It is reasonable that people look to the future of computers. In what field will be computers used for and what role will human has in this world in future? Besides, computers make our life easier, we can easily get information about any product we plan to buy or place we plan to visit over a second using personal computer and Internet. Scientists predict that in the nearest future it will be possible to smell a new perfume using Internet and watch 3D scenes at home like we do in the theater. According to forecasts of HR agencies machines will replace job of cashiers, civil and military pilots. Some corporations in Japan already selling housewife-robots, which help old people to keep their home clean. Despite the fact that computers help us, they make us dependent. Apparently, people spend more time behind monitors that ever before. And some of them feel a need for more time to be spent with people in live contact. In addition, fall out of one of the important modules of specific computer can entail serious consequences. Suffice to mention computer problem, occurred in the end of 1990s, problem concerned with coming year 2000 (Y2K) and catastrophes that were predicted. Fortunately imminent disasters did not happen. However, it is difficult to imagine what could be if all the predictions had occurred. We live in technological era, computers penetrated everywhere with all benefits they provide and all dangers they hide. However we are satisfied with them and sometimes we even thank them because they help us in communicating, studying, doing business, entertaining and saving lives in critical situations. In many countries children are engaged in some kind of paid work. Some people regard this as completely wrong, while others consider it as valuable work experience, important for learning and taking responsibility. What is your opinion on this? Nowadays, many children involved in different types of jobs to have some kind of financial assurance for themselves. However, whether this is good for their development and personality is a much debatable issue. I personally believe that paid works is harmful for children for several reasons. It is said that children learn valuable experience in the work place. This may be true. However, I would argue that children are mainly employed for jobs that require manual work and are low paid. The recent statistic reveals the common tasks that children are assigned are washing dishes, cleaning floors or serving food in restaurants. Meanwhile, this kind of jobs actually do not provide children with necessary and useful skills so that they can apply in their future carrer. This brings me to the second point. Defenders of child work argues that it is an effective method of learning. The point is children should be able to apply knowledge taught to them in a real life working environment. Although this is undoubtedly true, it also means that children may neglect the classroom study and even fail the class. The worst thing is yet to come. They may become so occupied with the benefits ahead of them like small salary and leave school. Finally, supporters said that it helps them to build responsibility in the family. They will understand how it is difficult to earn money and therefore have a compassionate view with their parents. This is true to a certain extent, but may have a totally adverse effect on children. As children can make money at an early age, they would feel that it is appropriate to spend on luxury things by their own money, which could be recovered later. In conclusion, I think that parents should take measures to restrict their child to work, otherwise it would have a negative consequences on their futures. Some say that the internet is making the world smaller by bringing people together. To what extent do to you agree that the internet is making it easier for people to communicate with one another. A global village, that is certainly what the world feels like nowadays. With the help of the world wide web, you can reach out and get to know people you might never meet in person. Articles can be coauthored, business deals can be finalized, degrees can be earned and at times even medical advice can be given?and all of this is just a click away. Electronic mail, instant messages, web cameras and microphones; all these gadgets and programs make the presence of the other the person more real. Who knows; with the help of visual reality you might even get a 3-D image of the speaker! I believe that the internet is one the best inventions of the last century, you can hardly get to miss anyone and nobody is really out of reach. You will get to keep the channels patent with your friends, and will be able to do your work from your bedroom in your pajamas!

However, the internet can also be a major source of harassment. Spammers and hackers can invade your privacy and get personal/confidential information, which otherwise they will never get access to. You are never out of anybodys reach, unless you make a conscious decision of not checking your email, there can be always more work waiting for you in your inbox and you might never have a moment for yourself. Worse, if you were a workaholic, you might never experience that stress-free vacation ever again in your life?simply, because you have your mobile workplace with you. As a romantic, I will always look forward to getting an occasional letter in the snail mail. A personal letter, where I can sense the mood of the writer by the slants in his/her handwriting and get to know him/her better. But as a type A personality person, the internet gives me all what I dream of in communication?speed, reliability, and convenience of time and place. I can certainly tolerate its shortcomings any day, as long as it keeps me close to my loved ones.

News editors decide what to broadcast on television and what to print in newspaper. What factor do you think influence their decisions? Do we become used to bad news? Would it be better if more good news was reported? News editors decide what to broadcast on television and what to print in newspapers. There are two factors that influence their decisions. The first is the kind of customers they tend on. Because each kind of readers and watchers has its own features. For example, if your customers are almost teenagers, you have to concentrate on something attracting them such as stories, photographs about singer stars, film stars, funny tales, and young fashion. It will be very silly if you try to provide teenagers with economic, politic news. On the contrary, besiness men and politicians may never read news about James Blunt or Keira Knightley. Therefore, what influence news editors decisions the most is the taste of their customers. The second is the hot, the attraction of news. Who will reads or watchs your news if it was one year, one month ago even last week? The answer is nobody absolutely. In the energetic and competitive world nowadays, people always ask for really new news. So that to satisfy customers, there is a pressure on all editors to find continually what has already happened not only yesterday but even an hour ago. Or else, they will lose their customers. None of editors wants that bad future. On television or in newspaper, we seem to become used to bad news. It is a little of difficult for us to meet a piece of good news. We cant deny that bad things occur on the earth day by day. However, news editors try to gain more and more customer, which means more and more money, by bad news. Because bad news makes us curious. We want to know why it is bad, what it is about, whether it influences us or not. As a result, we will buy newspapers or watch television to find out. And the happiest people are, of course, news editors. I think it would be better if more good news was reported. Bad news makes us worry and sad. Whereas good news makes us happy. How much bad news is, there should be the same amount of good news. So, we can give something bad a lot of thought while still be joyful with good news. Any inequalities between good news and bad news should be avoided. That is the best solution. Now, we cant live without news. Thereby, the role of news editors is very important. We should support them. And what they have to do is try their best to provide us useful news, both good and bad. Nowadays environmental problems are too big to be managed by individual persons or individual countries. In other words, it is an international problem. To what extent do you agree or disagree? An essential problem of the 21st century is world pollution. Currently the environment is so much contaminated that urgent measures should be taken. The single individual cannot be blamed for the world pollution, however every person should take care of his or her habitat. In addition, it is vital that environmental issues should be treated internationally. Lately, many presentations, conferences and international summits are held regarding waste treatment, recycling, soil and water contamination. For sure joint efforts and consolidation can only help in the mutual war towards the environmental disaster, which is going on. For instance, governments should offer support to companies and organizations, involved in manufacturing, industry or agriculture in order to find environment friendly approaches. These could be special law regulations, recycling programs, helping courses in order to implement ISO certificates and many more. However, the influence of individuals over environment should not be ignored. If we do not confess that our planet is our home, we will never be able to take adequately care of it. We have to contribute every day to the preservation of nature and environment. For example, always remember to save energy by switching off lamps, computers and everything that we do not use. Our next obligation is to separate waste and throw bulk only in the designated areas. Driving vehicles can also be

environment friendly. For example, we have to avoid accelerating the engines too rapidly or using the air condition in the country, where it will be better to save energy and simply open the windows. To sum up, environmental problems should be handled by local and international authorities also. Every single person should take care of environment and moreover we have to bring up our children to be conscious citizens of a clean and preserved planet. Without capital punishment (the death penalty) our lives are less secure and crimes of violence increase. Capital punishment is essential to control violence in society. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Capital punishment is always associated with ignorance and intolerance. In fact, we must acknowledge that some people disagree with this kind of penalty but others are totally in favour. Portugal was the first European country to end this kind of penalty. Since the 19th century, tolerance and respect for life are important values. Moreover, we can affirm that all the Europe remains under the same codes. Maybe because of a religious view point, life respect is a typical value in the Old Catholic world. Those who are in favour of capital punishment are particularly in developing countries. However, this is not just an image of third world countries. Actually, USA is where this kind of punishment has its higher rates. The state of Texas, in particular, is at the top, supporting this measure against crime, especially those related with serial killers and those involving children. In a society dominated by fear and government control, it is foreseen that this penalty will continue into a future next. Maybe this is not a clear question. As we can see there are several values here and of course cultural behaviours. The roots of the question are religious, cultural, ethical and even geographical. The world is divided and the law systems show those divisions. The solutions, however can lead us to other questions concerning revenge and justice. It will be better to kill a person because of his crimes? Can we admit that life sentence could be a much better sentence? In fact, rehabilitation is the right way especially with an accurate psychological evaluation first. Some people are lost forever, and in my opinion some murderers and other perverted people will suffer more in jail. In this sense, capital punishment is a soft release. Should the same laws which prohibit the sale and consumption of heroin be applied to tobacco? Recently, a hostile debate arouse when a few well reputable health organizations suggested the application of a similar act of heroin selling and usage prohibition _. In this assay, I will analyse why the adoption of such a law could be a breakthrough in our youngsters safety, according to my vision. Firstly , tobacco does not differ much from heroin when it comes to the later addictive effect. Nicotin , the active ingredient in tobacco, exerts its effect by acting directly on smokers brain cells. Numerous experiments carried out by scientist on animals, specailly rats, proved that this toxic chemical does lead by time to dependency, just similar to the effect experienced with herion. Secondly, restriction on cigerattes selling will surely show an instant decline in tobacco smoking. Having an easy access to cigarettes puts a tremendous pressure, specially on teenagers,to resist such a temptation Dr.Hisham , head of Pschycology department at Alexandria Medical college , states firmly. Giving the new generation the sense that the severity of smoking is equivilant to other lethal drugs usage woulod be a life saving step,they will thank us for() as they get older. he continues. To recapitulate, applying of a futuristic law as the suggested one will definetly have a positive impact ,not only on young peoples health but on our society as a whole. Should wealthy nations be required to share their wealth among poorer nations by providing such things as food and education? Or is it the responsibility of the governments of poorer nations to look after their citizens themselves? I think wealthy nations should be required to share their wealth among poorer nations. But their helping should only stop at providing such things as food and education because of three following reasons. Firstly, citizens of both wealthy nations and poorer nations are human beings. Therefore, we can not look at, hear of, and talk about people who lack food, education, etc without compassion and sympathy. Sharing wealth among poorer nations is not only a good deed but also a task itself. Secondly, many nations in Africa and Asia are very very poor. Famine, diseases, crime and illiteracy are killing their citizens. In the contrary, a lot of nations in Europe and America are too rich. If there are no actions taken, this inequality will increase dramatically. Poor countries will become more and more poorer while rich countries will become more and more richer. As a

result, poorest countries will be slaves of richest countries. So, sharing wealth is an useful way to prevent people from that bad future. Thirdly, although sharing wealth among poorer nations is very necessary but this helping should only stop at providing such things as food, medicine and education. Or else, poor nations may depend on aid. They wont have enthusiasm to build their countries by themselves. Moreover, rich nations can take advantage of sharing wealth to interfere deeply in poor nations governments. This cant be considered humane action and should be prevented. In my opinion, sharing wealth among poorer nations has both bad side and good side. What we have to do is avoiding its bad side and practicing its good side. Advertising is all around us, it is an unavoidable part of everyone?s life. Some people say that advertising is a positive part of our lives while others say it is negative. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. You should write at least 250 words. Many people wonder about advertisement. Some people think that it has negative impact in our life. However, others said it has been playing as positive effect in this world. This is not an easy essay to be answered, but I will look at this issue. Why advertisement has been playing a negative effect in our life ? Of Course for several reasons: firstly, it motivates the psychological point in every body especially women. They will run to buy this advertised product especially if its from cosmetic roof, just to show their beauty to men, which will leads to more offender and raped cases. Secondly, you can sit comfortably with your family and suddenly the telephone is ringing, nothing important, rather than one of the companies try to convince you to buy one of their products. It is a real intrusive example of advertisement. Lastly, sometimes you do not have the financial ability to buy something, but with these new methods of advertisement, you will run to buy it, which will affect your budget. On the other hand, there are some good things. Such as, it compares the prices of the most of companies which benefit the consumer. Beside, it really opens our vision to see more products which we do not knowit unless TV and Radio show these things. In addition to, it cut down our daily routine to see new faces and know more language with daily update for their method of advertisement. In conclusion, as we can see there are many aspects to this essay. I feel that there is no benefit at all from advertisement, it plays on minds of people buy more thing that they do not need it at all. Internet when used as a source of information, has more drawbacks than advantages. To what extent do you agree with this statement? Some people believe that internet access creates problems. There are several possible reasons why it can happen. First, some data may be unverifiable. For example, everytime they search for a data, there would be lots of choices that would appear on the screen. They would not be sure if the data they are reading has accurate information. Some sources have even outdated informations. Second, some sites may be unreliable. For instance, people sign up on one site that sells goods using online purchases. The goods would be paid for by credit card but the purchaser would not receive anything. And finally, not everything is available through the net. When my friend had tried to research for some pictures of 18th century paintings, he did not find any results. Then he was told by his teacher that it would only be available in the library. Others believe that internet is very useful and these are the justifications. First, it is hard to get data, that is available in the net by other means. For example, if directory information could not give me the accurate address and contact number of the place I want to visit, I normally check that information from the Internet. In just one click, I would get all the details of that certain company. Second, research becomes more comprehensive. For instance, I do not have to buy lots of reading materials to complete my research. Most of the needed information can be found if I have Internet access. And finally, data is easily compared and contrasted. I remember, my cousin researched the study about overweight children a decade ago and at present. He was able to finish his research in just one day, as compared to week if he would not use the Internet. In conclusion, let me reiterate that the Internet plays a big role in our life, because it makes data retrieval and comparison easier. Some businesses prohibit smoking in any of their offices. Some governments have banned smoking in all public places. Do you agree or disagree? Give reasons.

Most of the firms, organization and companies as well as governments make restrictions to smoke in work places and public amenities respectively. It has become fashionable in the world today to blame smoking. However, although I feel that smoking can be harmful, but I dont think it should be forbidden completely. I would also argue that people should have the right whether they smoke or not. Let me deal with the three positive sides of smoking. Firstly, smoking certainly helps many people to relax. For some, it even improves concentration. If someone is upset owing to debt or they have exam, like to smoke to reduce the pressure or tension. Most of the people like to smoke when they are relaxing with friends. Secondly, governments throughout the world make huge profits from taxes on cigarettes. The income obtained from taxes provide funds which are used for building school, hospital and public places such as parks, gardens, sports ground and foot paths. Thirdly, tobacco industry also employs tens of thousands of people all over the world, particularly in poorer countries like Zimbabwe or India. Without cigarettes, these people would have no jobs. Despite these positive effects there are lots of negative effects of smoking too. Initially, smoking has been proven to be too dangerous for health. As one cigarette contains more than 4000 chemical substances, therefore, it causes for many dangerous diseases such as heart attacks, asthma, bronchitis or lung cancer. According to a recent report, in Britain about 3,500 people are killed each year in road accidents and 120,000 are killed by smoking. Furthermore, smoking costs governments millions of dollars because of the large number of people who need treatment in hospitals for smoking-related problems. Moreover, passive smoking is a major concern today. Recent research shows that non-smokers can suffer from health problems if they spend long periods of time among people who do smoke. In UK children whose parents are smoke are three times as likely to start smoking themselves _. In short, I think the world would be a better place without cigarettes. However, the decision as to whether _ smoke or not should be for each individual to make. I suggest that people should not smoke in a room or a place where there are non smokers, however they should be free to smoke elsewhere. In some countries children have very strict rules of behaviour, in other countries they are allowed to do almost anything they want. To what extent should children have to follow rules? Freedom plays a mandatory role in everybody?s life. We can see in today?s modernized era nobody likes to get some restrictions upon them, whether it would be a child or an adult. Some people think that there should have some strict rules of behaviour for children, but I disagree with this statement Wherever it is a reality that sometimes more restrictions can cause more frustration in children, which leads to many other mental diseases as well. Morever they can be, behave like a stubborn. Sometimes they feel themselves under pressure, which can be a main reason for their poor performance in their field. In some cases children would be crazier to do these things from where we?ll try to keep them away. In other words _ we have to look for other aspects as well, like if we usually ignore our children?s bad habits, then they can?t be good human beings in their future life. Moreover_ if we never draw attention upon the children?s main activities then they may be acquiring bad company. They can know regarding the value of respect for their elders. They can know the importance of relationships. They can know regarding their cultural values as well. In a nutshell, I would like to say that children should be teach regarding the value of their customs, rituals and respect towards their elders for their future life, but most of the extra restriction should be being avoided. It would be better to make them good human beings in their coming future. With all the troubles in the world today, money spent on space exploration is a complete waste. The money could be better spent on other things. Nations after nations, everyday, every year, celebrate their achievements in space exploration . However, it is now time to question how meaningful these blasts are. This essay aims to explain why it is questionable First, until all urgent and important matters in this globe have been solved, money bumped on space exploration is of no meaning. It is not a common sense at all to invest million dollars researching and producing foods for astronauts (for space exploration purpose), while everyday thousands of people are starving. Furthermore, the discovery of outer space only serves a minor group of people if the majority are even not well-educated. Those in rural areas or third-world nations do no even know how to prevent common threatening diseases like AIDS and lung cancer.

Then, some may argue that the purpose of space exploration are to discover new lands, new energy resources or to deter potential threat to globe. Nevertheless, is it effective to do so while other alternatives are available? Lands on earth are no yet effectively used. New energy resources (e.g. solar and nuclear energy) have not yet been widely-used. Threats of plagues have not yet been deterred. All these ?not- yets? need money. That is why costly space discovery programs are a waste of money. In the nutshell, people should only invest in space exploration providing that () early-mentioned urgent and important matters have been solved. Also, purposes of space exploration campaign should be studied carefully and other alternatives should be considered before money is wasted. Some people say that the Internet is making the world smaller by bringing people together. To what extent do you agree that the internet is making it easier for people to communicate with one another? In today?s world _ due to the advancement of technology new inventions are coming into existence. It is a certainty that ?necessity is a mother of invention?. _ Internet is just like a wonder box, which contains every type of information. Besides it has also proved as a very important tool to connect people with each other. In today?s modernized era nobody has sufficient time to write letters to their loved ones. Moreover it also takes longer to send or receive any information. But through an internet it is an easiest way to send massages to our loved ones. Either it can be in the form of an e- mail or by text messages from internet to cell phones. We can send and receive messages straight way. In other hand today?s youth generation mostly prefer to do chatting on () internet. Through this chatting we can write messages and straight way can get their reply. Moreover voice chatting is going to be very popular day-by-day. As it is a reality that advantages and disadvantages are like both sides of a coin, which usually runs parallel. So like other things internet also have some downsides, like people are facing some health problems for example, poor eye-sight, back ache, migrane. Today?s teenagers usually prefer to spend their time on internet rather than to participating in other physical activities, so that?s why they are going to be weaker in their physical health. To conclude, I would like to say that internet is one of the most modernized and most successful tools, not only for communication, even to get most relevant information regarding every field in a very short period of time. Popular events like the football world cup and other international sporting occasions are essential in easing international tensions and releasing patriotic emotions in a safe way. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? The World Cup football match and the Olympics are held worldwide with great national support and expectations. As a fan of those competitions, I agree with the idea that sporting events can be necessary for international relations and national unity. In this essay, I will think about the effects of these popular sporting events. First of all, the World Cup, Olympics and other international games work for easing tensions among different nations. For example, South and North Korea have football games regularly which give two nations a chance to understand each other deeply. In the mid 1990s, a hundreds of North Korean supporters came to South Korea with the footballers and they were very excited during the sporting events. Even if it sounds ridiculous, many South Koreans were quite surprised at that moment when North Koreans shouted and cried during the match. We all realized that they were very normal sports fans even though they were occasionally very secretive. Through the sports, two divided nations could reduce their political and ideological tensions and could feel the patriotic unity. On the other hand, some sports matches can make international relations worse. For instance, football or baseball games between Korea and Japan are always big matches in two countries where full of tensions overflow. Sometimes, after the matches, the two rivals blame each other and their patriotic emotions explode in an aggressive way. Even much worse scenario is that the troubles caused by losing games affect the players directly. As far as I know, a couple of Korean players in Japan are suffered from invisible discrimination after the match between two countries. In conclusion, I think that international sporting occasions can be one of the good ways to ease tensions or to release patriotism safely. However, I believe that games can not be the fundamental ways for the sound patriotism or peaceful international relations. The best way to reduce the number of traffic accidents is to raise age limit for the younger drivers and to lower age limit for the aged ones. Do you agree?

With the rapid increase in the number of vehicles on the road together with hush and rush lifestyles of drivers today, traffic accidents seem to be escalating in our society. Age of drivers contribute partly to number of traffic accidents but surely not as the main factor. Those who agree with the statement would view young drivers assuming under 18 years old and older drivers to be reckless and therefore would be more prone to traffic accidents on the road. Lack of experience, forgetfulness, carelessness and poor fitness condition may be reasons for limiting age of drivers. On the other hand, I would think that age is only a small determinant and we need to look at more effective measure such as reducing number of vehicles on the road through car pool, implementing more stringent regulations on alcohol drink driving and possibly to revise on the standard of driving test for young and old drivers on the road. Many drivers who are stuck in traffic jams also have busy lifestyles and therefore tend to become very stressed or distracted on the road. Thus I would think the government may have to look ways to improve road infrastructure and traffic jams to deter or reduce accidents on the road. To sum up, age is only one of the many contributors for accidents but I do not agree that by lowering age for the elderly and raising age limit for the younger drivers is the best method. As mentioned in my third paragraph, we need to look at other more effective measures which deal with the underlying problems in the society which lead to traffic accidents. Dieting can change a persons life for the better or ruins ones health completely. Whats your opinion? Even though globalization affects the worlds economics in a very positive way, its negative side should not be forgotten. Discuss. In many countries, children are engaged in some kind of paid work. Some people regard this as completely wrong, while others consider it as valuable work experience, important for learning and taking responsibility. What is your opinion on this? You can get up-to-date news from radio, TV and Internet. Which one you think is the best to know about news.