INTRODUCTION:

Wireless power transmission(WPT) works based on the principle of microwave communication. It is the method of transmitting power from generating station to the electrical load without interconnecting wires. Wireless power transmission is far efficient and cheaper than traditional methods of power transmission like high voltage dc transmission(HVDC) and high voltage ac transmission which uses transformers for stepping up and stepping down the voltage. WPT VS. ORDINARY COMMUNICATION SYSTEM: The difference between WPT and other communication systems is simply the efficiency. In general communication systems the energy is spread in all directions but WPT is a point to point transmission. In ordinary communication systems the efficiency is low but in the case of wireless power transmission the efficiency is very high.

METHODS OF WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION:

Induction method. Electromagnetic transmission method . Evanescent wave coupling.(microwave method)

INDUCTION METHOD:
Transformer is the best example for induction method in which the two coils are physically separated,but power transmission occurs from one coil to the other coil. Electromagnetic induction is proportional to the intensity of the current and voltage in the conductor which produces the fields and to the frequency. The higher the frequency the more intense the induction effect. But the coil needs to be placed very close for the transformer to be efficient.

ELECTROMAGNETIC TRANSMISSION:
Electromagnetic transmission method involves the conversion of electricity into light usually a laser beam and firing it onto a target such as a solar plate. The solar plate will convert it into electrical power. But losses occur in the atmosphere and also the beam cannot be completely fired into a target in all cases.

EVANESCENT WAVE COUPLING: It is also known as ''microwave method ''.In this method the power to be
transmitted is converted into microwaves from which power can be obtained back by use of a instrument called rectanna (works like a antenna receiver).It is a new way to transfer power without wires using non-radiative electromagnetic energy resonant tunneling. Since the electromagnetic waves would tunnel, they would not propagate through the air to be absorbed or wasted, and would not disrupt electronic devices or cause physical injury like microwave or radio transmission. This is the best method of transmitting power without wires and with high efficiency.

WAY OF TRANSMISSION:
The Wireless Transmission of Electrical Energy is done using Schumann Resonance. The electrical energy can be propagated around the world between the surface of the Earth and the ionosphere at extreme low frequencies in what is known as the Schumann Cavity. The Schumann cavity surrounds the Earth between ground level and extends upward to a maximum 80 kilometers. Experiments show that electromagnetic waves of extreme low frequencies in the range of 8 Hz,the fundamental Schumann Resonance frequency, propagate with little attenuation around the planet within the Schumann Cavity. Knowing that a resonant cavity can be excited and that power can be delivered to that cavity similar to the methods used in microwave ovens in home use, it should be possible to resonate and deliver power via the Schumann Cavity to any point on Earth. This will result in practical wireless transmission of electrical power.

CONCEPT OF SCHUMANN RESONANCE:

Lightning discharges are considered to be the primary natural source of Schumann resonance excitation; lightning channels behave like huge antennas that radiate electromagnetic energy at frequencies below about 100 kHz. These signals are very weak at large distances from the lightning source, but the Earthionosphere waveguide behaves like a resonator at ELF frequencies and amplifies the spectral signals from lightning at the resonance frequencies.

ACHEIVEMENTS IN THE FIELD OF WPT:

In 1997 experiments were performed at Grand Bassin on Reunion Island. Nikola tesla who invented radio demonstrated the transmission of electrical power without wires in 1891. In 1893 tesla demonstrated the illumination of vacumn tubes without wires at the world columbian exposition in chicago. In 1964 brown demonstrated the operation of a microwave powered helicopter that received power from a microwave beam at2.45Ghz frequency. Project in Development in Japan with a goal to build a low cost demonstration model by 2025

SOLAR POWERED SATELLITE:

The largest application of the WPT via microwave is a Space Solar Power Satellite .The SPS is a gigantic satellite designed as an electric power plant orbiting in the Geostationary Earth Orbit. It consists of solar energy collector to convert the solar energy into DC electricity, DC-to-microwave converter, and large antenna array to beam down the microwave power to the ground.

ADVANTAGES:
Wireless Power Transmission system would completely eliminate the existing high-tension power transmission line cables, towers and sub stations between the generating station and consumers. The cost of transmission and distribution becomes less. Transmission loss will be very less and hence more efficient method. Power failure due to short circuit in cables would never exist. Power theft would not at all be possible.

DISADVANTAGES:

Capital cost seems to be very high. May interfere with satellite communications. The transmitter and receiver should be very sharp and powerful.

CONCLUSION: Thus the concept of wireless power transmission system is presented. The
technological developments ,the advantages,disadvantages are also discussed in this paper. Thus power can be transmitted with negligible losses and ease of transmission than any invention made before. WORDS OF Dr. NEVILLE of NASA '' You dont need cables, pipes, or copper wires to receive power. We can send it to you like a cell phone call where you want it, when you want it, in real time'' !!!!Let us expect that his words come true in future years!!!!

REFERENCES:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_energy_transfers http://www.yuvaengineers.com/?p=318 Paper presented in 2010 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 8887) by S. Sheik mohamed , faculty of engineering, Dhofar university. Paper presented on the topic ofmicrowave power transmission by Andrew k soubel in kent college of law.