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( ) ( )
1
( ) ( )
2
st
j
st
j
X s x t e dt
x t X s e ds
j

+

=
=

ROC Transform Signal
s 1 ( ) t
Re{ } 0 s > 1
s

u(t)
Re{ } 0 s < 1
s

u(-t) -
Re{ } 0 s > 1
n
s

( )
1
( )
1 !
n
t
u t
n

Re{ } 0 s < 1
n
s

( )
1
( )
1 !
n
t
u t
n

Re{ } s > 1
s +
( )
t
e u t


Re{ } s < 1
s +
( )
t
e u t


s
sT
e

( ) t T
Re{ } 0 s >
2 2
0
s
s w +
| |
0
cos( ) ( ) w t u t
Re{ } 0 s >
0
2 2
0
w
s w +
| |
0
sin( ) ( ) w t u t
Re{ } s >
( )
2
2
0
s
s w

+
+ +
0
cos( ) ( )
t
e w t u t

(

Re{ } s >
( )
0
2
2
0
w
s w + +
0
sin( ) ( )
t
e w t u t

(

s
n
s ( )
( )
n
n n
d t
u t
dt

=
Re{ } 0 s > 1
n
s

( ) ( )* * ( )
n
u t u t u t

=
n











ROC Transform Signal Property
1 2
R R
1 2
( ) ( ) aX s bX s +
1 2
( ) ( ) ax t bx t +
R
0
( )
st
e X s

( )
0
x t t

R
0
( ) X s s
0
( )
s t
e x t

Scaled ROC
1
| |
s
X
a a
| |
|
\
( ) x at Time scaling
R
* *
( ) X s
*
( ) x t
Conjugation
1 2
R R
1 2
( ) ( ) X s X s
1 2
( ) * ( ) x t x t
R ( ) sX s
( )
d
x t
dt


R
( )
d
X s
ds

( ) tx t
{Re{ } 0} R s > 1
( ) X s
s

( )
t
x d

- :
0
( ) ( )
st
X s x t e dt

=


z

ROC Transform Signal Property
1 2
R R
1 2
( ) ( ) aX z bX z +
1 2
[ ] [ ] ax n bx n +
R
0
( )
n
z X z

| |
0
x n n

R
( )
0
j
X e z


0
[ ]
j n
e x n

0
z R
0
z
X
z
| |
|
\
0
[ ]
n
z x n
| | a R
( )
1
X a z

[ ]
n
a x n
Scaling in
z-domain
1
R

( )
1
X z

[ ] x n
1
k
R
( )
k
X z
( )
[ ];
[ ]
0;
k
x r n rk
x n
n rk
r
=
=

Time expansion
R
( )
* *
X z
*
[ ] X n
Conjugation
1 2
R R
1 2
( ) ( ) X z X z
1 2
[ ]* [ ] x n x n
| | 0 R z >
( )
1
1 ( ) z X z

[ ] [ 1] x n x n
| | 1 R z >
1
1
( )
1
X z
z

[ ]
k
x k

R ( ) dX z
z
dz

[ ] nx n - z
z

1
( ) [ ]
1
[ ] ( )
2
n
n
n
X z x n z
x n X z z dz
j

=
=

ROC Transform Signal
z 1 [ ] n
| | 1 z >
1
1
1 z

[ ] u n
| | 1 z <
1
1
1 z

[ 1] u n
z m>0
m<0
m
z

[ ] n m
| | | | z >
1
1
1 z

[ ]
n
u n
| | | | z <
1
1
1 z

[ 1]
n
u n
| | | | z >
( )
1
2
1
1
az
z

[ ]
n
n u n
| | 1 z >
1
0
1 2
0
1 [cos ]
1 [2cos ]
w z
w z z

+
0
[cos( )] [ ] w n u n
| | 1 z >
1
0
1 2
0
[sin ]
1 [2cos ]
w z
w z z

+
0
[sin( )] [ ] w n u n
| | z r >
1
0
1 2 2
0
1 [ cos ]
1 [2 cos ]
r w z
r w z r z

+
0
[ cos( )] [ ]
n
r w n u n
| | z r >
1
0
1 2 2
0
1 [ sin ]
1 [2 cos ]
r w z
r w z r z

+
0
[ sin( )] [ ]
n
r w n u n

- :
0
( ) [ ]
n
n
X z x n z

=
=