VIN I HC M H NI KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN

BI TP LN s 9: Tm hiu v cc vn v vic thit lp giao din ngi s dng trong Ubuntu (thay i nh nn, thit lp cc hp thoi, mn hnh login, cc hiu ng, cc chng trnh h tr ci tin giao din)

Ging vin hng dn: Thc hin: H v tn

Ths. Nguyn Thy Linh Nhm sinh vin 2 Email

H Ni, 9 - 2012

Mc lc Chng I: Gii Thiu Ti Chng II: Thit Lp Giao Din Trong Ubuntu 2.1 Thay i nh nn 2.1.1 Thay i nh nn 2.1.2 Thay i mu ca nh nn 2.2 Thit lp hp thoi 2.3 Ch bo v mn hnh(Screensaver) 2.4 Ty chnh phn gii mn hnh 2.5 Mn hnh login 2.6 Cc chng trnh h tr ci tin giao din 2.6.1 Tweak 2.6.2 Compizconfig settings manager Chng III: Ti Liu Tham Kho Ti liu tham kho: Chng IV: Trc nghim 3 7 7 7 11 14 20 21 23 25 25 30 34 34 35

Chng I: Gii Thiu Ti

Ubuntu l mt h iu hnh m ngun m c pht trin bi cng ng chung da trn nn tng Debian GNU/Linux, n c ti tr bi Canonical Ltd (ch s hu l Mark Shuttleworth), rt ph hp cho my tnh bn, my tnh xch tay v my ch. D bn dng cho my tnh nh, trng hay trong cng s, Ubuntu c y cc chng trnh bn cn, t phn mm son tho vn bn v gi nhn th, n cc phn mm my ch web v cc cng c lp trnh. Ubuntu hon ton min ph. Bn khng phi tr tin bn quyn cho bt c ai. Bn c th ti v, s dng v chia s vi bn b, gia nh hoc ng nghip m khng mt mt khon ph no c. Mi phin bn Ubuntu u c cp nht 6 thng mt ln, iu c ngha l bn lun lun c cc ng dng mi nht trong th gii phn mm m ngun m. Ubuntu c thit k vi tiu ch chuyn v bo mt. Bn c th ly v cc bn cp nht v bo mt t nht l 18 thng trn my bn v my ch. Vi phin bn H tr di hn (Long Term Support - LTS), bn s c 3 nm h tr vi my bn v 5 nm h tr i vi my ch. Bn khng phi tr thm mt khon ph no cho phin bn LTS. Vic nng cp ln phin bn mi hn ca Ubuntu hon ton min ph. Cng nh cc h iu hnh khc nh Window hoc Mac OS X, th Ubuntu cng c giao din cho ngi s dng. Mt trong nhng giao din ph bin la GNOME, m n c s dng mt cch mc nh trong Ubuntu. KDE, XFCE, v LXDE l cc mi trng ha ph bin khc (c s dng trong Kubuntu, Xubuntu, v Lubuntu, mt cch tng ng), v cn c nhiu hn na. Giao din Gnome s dng trn Ubuntu c 3 dng c bn sau: Gnome Classic: S dng cho phin bn 10.10 tr v trc Unity: S dng cho phin bn 11.04 v sau

 Gnome Shell: phin bn giao din ha khng c Ubuntu s dng mt nh, (c th ci t sau)

Hnh 1 Gnome Classic: ng cch gi Fallback Gnome l mt trong nhng la chn quen thuc nht ca my tnh bn Ubuntu, s dng mc nh trong ubuntu 10.04. Cng nh Unity trong Gnome classic(gnome 2) cng i hi ti nguyn v hiu ng v ha. Giao din thit k n gin, tuy nhin i vi mt s ngi dng khi s dng li hi gp kh khn.

Hnh 2 Gnome Shell: L cng ngh xc nh nhng tri nghim ca ngi dng trong Gnome 3. N cung cp giao din chc nng ct li nh chuyn sang window v tung ra cc ng dng. Gnome shell tn dng kh nng ca phn cng ha hin i v gii thiu giao din ha cung cp nhng kinh nghim s dng n gin v iu th v khi s dng n. Khi s dng GNOME Shell l nh nhng v mt m hn nhiu so vi Unity. C v nh, GNOME Shell khng i hi nhiu hiu ng ha v ti nguyn my tnh nh Unity Tuy nhin, mt im ca GNOME Shell lm ngi vit kh chu l vic khng c nt tt my cng nh khi ng li.

Hnh 3 Unity l mt giao din kh mi c tch hp trong phin bn Ubuntu 11.04 Dnh cho nn tng Desktop. i vi Ubuntu 11.04 khi tr chut th thanh cun ch hin ra. iu ny gip tit kim khng gian lm vic, tuy nhin i vi mt s ngi li gy ra s kh chu khi s dng. Unity s dng hiu ng ha v ti nguyn my tnh.

Chng II: Thit Lp Giao Din Trong Ubuntu

2.1 Thay i nh nn nh nn l nh hoc mu sc nm di cng trong mi trng lm vic ca bn. Bn c th thay i hnh nn mc nh (Simple Ubuntu) theo cch sau: 2.1.1 Thay i nh nn C 2 cch thay i nh nn: 1. 2. Chut phi chn change destop background gc trn bn phi mn hnh chn system settings.

Hnh 4 Bn kch chut vo Appearance, mt hp thoi Appearance preferences hin ra.

Hnh 5 Chn mt hnh nn destop t cc hnh nn c sn, hnh nn thay i ngay lp tc. Ti y bn c th ty chnh nh nn theo mnh. Trong style c ch hin kiu nh nn: +Tile:nh c gi nguyn kch thc, lp li nh n khi ph y mn hnh +Zoom: Phng nh n khi cnh ngang hoc cnh dc chm cnh mn hnh v nh ln hn mn hnh. T l ngang:dc c gi nguyn. +Center:nh c gi nguyn kch thc, tm nh trng vi tm mn hnh +Scale:Phng nh n khi cnh ngang hoc cnh dc chm cnh mn hnh v nh nh hn mn hnh. T l ngang:dc c gi nguyn. +Stretch: Phng nh n khi c cnh ngang v cnh dc u chm cnh mn hnh. T l ngang:dc b thay i, bng vi t l ngang:dc ca mn hnh. +Span:Phng nh n khi cnh ngang hoc cnh dc chm cnh mn hnh v nh nh hn mn hnh. T l ngang:dc c gi nguyn.

Hnh 6 Sau khi chn sau bn kch vo close trong Appearance preferences trong hp thoi p dng nhng thau i. Ngoi nhng nh nn c sn trong Ubuntu , bn c th ti nh nn t nhiu ngun khc nhau and thm nhng nh nn ny vo danh sch nhng nh nn c sn trong hp thoi Appearance preferences. Bng cch chn:

Hnh 7 Ti nh nn m bn chn, Trong thi gian ti xem phn gii ca nh nn bn chn. Bn nn ti v lu cc phin bn ca hnh nn bn la chn ph hp vi phn gii mn hnh ca my tnh ca bn. Bn chn mc cn lu nh, trong hp thoi Appearance preferance chn background v sau kch add. App wallpager m ra hp thoi.

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Hnh 8 Trong hp thoi add wallpaper, chn nh va ti v kch open. Kch close trong hp thoi Appearance preference cp nht thay i, bn by gi c th hin nh mi lm nh nn. 2.1.2 Thay i mu ca nh nn thay i mu ca nh nn ta thc hin nh sau: 1. Kch chut phi chn change destop background, kch chn Appearance m hp thoi Appearance prefences, chn background v chn No destop background.

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Hnh 9 Bn c duy nht hnh nh mu nn, nu bn khng thit lp bt k nh no lm hnh nn. Hp Colours cung cp 3 kiu ca hnh nn: +Solid colour + Horizontal gradient +Vertical gradient

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Hnh 10 Chn mu nh nn m bn mun chn v sau kch vo vung mu sc trong hp thoi. Hp thoi Pick a colour m

Hnh 11

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Chn mt mu hoc cc thuc tnh ca mt mu sc nh mu sc v bo ha to ra mt mu sc m bn chn la. Kch ok, mn hnh s hin ra ci t mi m bn chn. Kch close ng Appearance preferences.

Hnh 12 2.2 Thit lp hp thoi kim sot s xut hin nt, biu tng, thanh cun, bng iu khin, vin Ta c bit n vi Theme. chn Theme ta thc hin nh sau: 1. Chn biu tng gc trn bn phi mn hnh chn system settings. Sau chn Appearance. Kch chut vo Appearance hp thoi Appearance preferences. 2. Trn tab Theme, khi bn chn theme mn hnh s t ng thay i theme m bn va chn ngay lp tc. Nu bn mun ty chnh thm cho theme hy kch vo Customise. Hp thoi Customise Theme c m ra.

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Hinh 13 3. Tab mc nh l Controls. Vic thit lp trong tab Controls quyt nh din mo trc quan ca cc ca s, cc bng iu khin. Ch cn chn mt control t danh sch cc Controls bn s thy din mo ca cc ca s thay i ngay lp tc.

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Hnh 14 Tab colors : Bn c th ty chnh mu ch, nn qua: +Window +input boxes +Selected items +Tooltips

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Hnh 15 Window Border: Vin xut hin quanh ca s. N c khung trn ca s cha tn ca ng dng v cnh cho php bn thay i kch thc ca s.

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Hnh 16 Tab icons: Mt biu tng ha t ng dng v ty chn trn bng iu khin v ca s. Ging nh bn c th ty chnh nh nn v mu ch ca ca s, mc chnbng ci t cu hnh trn tab Colour.

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Hnh 17 Tab pointer: Thit lp con tr cho mt ch xc nh, din mo v cc 6 im ca con tr chut. Bn c th ty chn cho phn con tr t tab pointer trong ca s customize theme.

Hnh 18 Ch : Ubuntu cung cp thm la chn ty chnh Theme ca bn. bn c th ti nhiu Controls, window borders v icon t cc website v lu mt vi ni trong my tnh ca bn. Trong ty chnh Theme, kch Install trong Apprearance preferences trong hp thoi. Hp thoi Select Theme m ra, v bn chn hnh ti. Kch close trong hp thoi customise Theme, lu kch chn save as trong hp thoi Appearance preferences. Hp thoi Save Theme as m ra.

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Hnh 19 Bn vit tn vo trong hp v miu t nu bn mun. Kch lu. Trong hp thoi Appearance prefences kch close. 2.3 Ch bo v mn hnh(Screensaver) Mt mn hnh Screensaver thng l nhng nh ng khi my tnh ca bn c bt ln nhng khng s dng. li vng lm vic, bn c th di chuyn con chut hoc nhn mt vi phm bt k trn bn phm. Bn c th chn mt Screensaver v ty chnh n. ty chnh mt Screensaver ta thc hin cc sau: 1. gc trn bn phi mn hnh, bn chn system settings. Ri bn kch vo Screensaver.

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Hnh 20 Trong Screensaver theme, bn c th chn ch bn v mn hnh m bn mun. 2.Regand the computer as idle after: Xc nh thanh trt khi m Screensaver bt u lm vic nu my tnh khng s dng. Thi gian ci t mc nh l 10 pht. Bn c th s dng thanh trt chn thi gian bao lu my tnh bt u vo ch Screensaver. 3. ngn chn ch Screensaver khi bn vng mt , bn c th t ng kha mn hnh ca bn ch Screensaver. Kha yu cu ngi s dng g mt khu thc thi. Chn lock srceen when screensaver is active nh du kim vo hp kha mn hnh khi m Screensaver bt u. 4. chn close. 2.4 Ty chnh phn gii mn hnh phn gii mn hnh xc nh lm th no ln hay nh trn mn hnh. xc nh phn gii mn hnh ta c th lm nh sau: 1. gc trn bn phi mn hnh chn System setting v sau kch Monitors .

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Hnh 21 2. Mc nh phn gii mn hnh l 1400x900. Bn c th thay i mn hnh trong hp Resolution. Ngoi ra bn cng c th thay i xoay ca mn hnh.

Hnh 22 3. Kch chn Apply, hp thoi Keep resolution m ra yu cu bn xc nh vic ci t hoc s dng trc v tr li cc thit lp ban u. Kch keep this configuration lu li thay i mi

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Hnh 23 2.5 Mn hnh login gc trn bn phi mn hnh vo biu tng chn system setting, chn Login screen

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Hnh 24 Kch chut vo Login screen mt hp thoi m ra, bn chn Unclock, bn in mt khu xc nh.

Hnh 25 Ti y bn ci t mn hnh login theo mnh: thi gian, mn hnh, cc phin bn ubuntu. Sau khi chn xong bn kch vo close.

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Hnh 25 2.6 Cc chng trnh h tr ci tin giao din to ra giao din vi nhng hnh nh c nhiu hiu ng p, ta c mt s phn mm ci tin giao din ph bin: +Tweak +CompizConfig Settings Manager 2.6.1 Tweak c c chng trnh h tr ny, trc tin ta phi c phn mm Tweek -Ci t Ubuntu Tweak: Trc tin, bn download gi ci t ubuntu-tweak ph hp vi phin bn ubuntu bn ang s dng ti a ch http://ubuntu-tweak.com. Tip theo, bn nhp i chut ln file ny, chn Install Package. Khi hp thoi Installation finished xut hin, bn bm nt Close hon thnh. - S dng: bt u vi tin ch nh gn v min ph ny, bn vo menu Applications > System Tools > Ubuntu Tweak. Khi mn hnh chnh ca Ubuntu Tweak xut hin, bn da vo 5 tab chnh ca chng trnh ny thc hin hu ht cc thao tc ty bin h thng Ubuntu. - Startup: trn tab ny, bn c th thay i mn hnh ng nhp mc Login Setting. thay i mn hnh ng nhp ch cn bm Unlock v nhp mt khu ca my bn

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Hnh 26 Trong mc Login Options c cc la chn Disable user list in GDM: Nu chn mc ny s khng hin th sn danh sch ngi s dng m bn phi t g User name ng nhp. Play sound at login: Bt m thanh khi bn ng nhp. Disable showing the restart button: Khng hin nt restart Trong mc Login Theme bn c th thay i logo mn hnh ng nhp v v nh nn mn hnh ng nhp mt cch d dng.

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Hnh 27 - Desktop: trong tab ny, bn c th n/hin cc biu tng chc nng v cc a xut hin trn desktop nh Computer, Home Folder, Network ti mc Desktop Icon Setting bng cch tch vo cc biu tng .

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Hnh 28 Ngoi ra, bn cng c th thc hin mt s thay i lin quan n giao din cc ca s trn Ubuntu ti Compiz Settings T 'Workspace Edge Settings', t trnh n th xung ca cc gc mn hnh chn ty chn:

Hnh 29 Show Workspaces: hin th cc vng lm vic ch bng vic a chut v gc phi trn cng mn hnh.

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Hnh 30 Show Windows: s hin th cc ca s ti tt c cc vng lm vic khi a chut v gc tri di cng mn hnh

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Hnh 31 Show Display: hin th mn hnh Desktop khi ch chut v gc trn cng bn tri mn hnh.

Hnh 32 Ngoi ra bn cn c nhiu tnh nng na bn c th tm hiu thm 2.6.2 Compizconfig settings manager Bn c th cu hnh mt vi ci t khc nhau ngay by gi. Nh l phm tt, trng thi launcher v din mo ca Launcher. M chng trnh CompizConfig Settings Manager, trong mc destop chn Ubuntu unity pligin.

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Hnh 33 tab behaviour bn c th thit lp cu hnh:

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 Hide Lancher: ci t trng thi n. Never: Lancher khng bao gi n Autohide: Lancher s n t ng Dodge Windows: Lancher s n khi mt ca s chn ln n. Dodge Active Window : Lancher s ch n khi mt ca s chn ln n hot ng. Key to show the Lancher: Vi mt nh Super key(Shift, Ctrl, Super, Alt). Ta c th mt hoc nhiu phm. The key to put keyboard-focus o the launcher: Di chuyn iu khin vi cc phm(mc nh Alt+F1). Key to execute a command: Phm m mt nt lnh tm kim ni bn c th in mt tn cu lnh bn mun thc thi.(mc nh Atl +F2) Key to open the first panel menu (default F10 ) Key to start the lancher application swicher(mc nh Super +Tab):Phm bt u ng dng lancher chuyn ng vng trn theo kim ng h. Key to start the lancher application swicher reverse: Ngc vi Key to start the lancher application swicher. Trong tab Experimental

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Hnh 35 The backlight mode: t icons ngc sng. N c cc ty chn sau: Backlight Always On Backlight Toggles Backlight Always Off

Launch Animation: Ci t icons ng. C cc ty chn:

None: hnh nh ng s khng c hin th Pulse Until Running: nh sng ca biu tng s rung khi ta ti ln Blink: nh sng tr li ca biu tng s nhp nhy.

Urgent Animation: ci t biu tng s thng bo cho bn mt ci g quan trng.

None : khng c hnh nh ng Pulse: n s rung ng Wiggle: n s lc l

Panel Opacity: ci t m c ca panel Launcher Opacity: ci t m c ca Launcher. Launcher icon size: ci t kch c ca lancher trong im nh. Hide Animation: Lancher s t ng n. C cc la chn:

Fade on bfb and Slide: Slide only Fade only Fade and Slide

Dash Blur thit lp mc m trong dash.

No Blur: khng c m Static Blur: m ch mc nh

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Chng III: Ti Liu Tham Kho

Ti liu tham kho: http://www.tinhte.vn/threads/1226241/ http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuntu http://forum.ubuntu-vn.org/viewtopic.php?f=100&t=15378 http://forum.ubuntu-vn.org/viewtopic.php?f=69&t=18179 Desktop course book student http://dl.dropbox.com/u/20319611/simple-lightdm-manager_0.2public4ubuntu1_all.deb http://askubuntu.com/questions/29553/how-can-i-configureunity/101415#101415 http://omgubuntu.co.uk http://www.techdrivein.com/2011/06/5-useful-compiz-tweaks-for-ubuntu1104.html Ubuntu Desktop Training AiTi Aptech

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Chng IV: Trc nghim

Cu 1: Lm sao bn xa c m trng mn hnh login ca Ubuntu? Tr li: A.S dng phm Ctrl+Alt +T ri copy 3 lnh: sudo xhost +SI:localuser:lightdm, sudo su lightdm -s /bin/bash, gsettings set com.canonical.unity-greeter draw-grid false. B.S dng phm Ctrl+Shift+T C.S dng phm Ctrl+Alt+H D.S dng phm Ctrl+Shift+G Cu 2: Giao din Unity s dng u tin phin bn Ubuntu no? A.Ubuntu 10.10 B.Ubuntu 11.04 C.Ubuntu 11.10 D.Ubuntu 12.04 Cu 3: Ubuntu 12.04LTS khi bn ci t s c mc nh vi giao din no? A.Gnome C.Gnome classic A. LibreOffice C. Simple LightDM Manager Cu 5:Gnome l g? A. Phn mm cung cp cc ng dng trong Ubuntu. B. B phn mm cung cp mi trng mn hnh nn. C. Phn mm trnh duyt web. D. Phn mm ca LibreOffice. Cu 6: Gnome vit tt ca cm t g? A. GNU Network Object Model Enviroment B. Graphical User Interface B.Gnome Shell D.Unity B. Totem Movie Player D. Evolution

Cu 4: thay i mn hnh ng nhp ca Ubuntu ta cn ci thm g?

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C. Government OSI Profile D. Systems Network Architecture Cu 7: thm mt s hiu ng p cho ubuntu ta cn ci phn mm no? A. Lamp B. StarDict C. LibreOffice D. Compizconfig setting manager, My unity, Tweak Cu 8: chuyn i gia cc ca s ta s dng phm g? A. Ctrl+Tab B. Ctrl+B C. Alt+Ctrl+A D. Ctrl+N Cu 9: Ubuntu 7.10 s dng giao din no lm mc nh? A.Gnome C.Gnome classic Cu 10: Ubuntu Software Center l g? A. Phn mm vi giao din ha mt cch thn thin, d dng. B. Phn mm web C. Phn mm ng dng LibreOffice D. Phn mm Lamp B.Gnome shell D.Unity

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(thay i nh nn, thit lp cc hp thoi, mn hnh login, cc hiu ng, cc chng trnh h tr ci tin giao din)

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