0

After = As soon as + Sub + Present simple/Present

perfect.... Sub + future simple

After he arrives/has arrived in London, he will send his family a letter.

0 2

After = As soon as + Subject + (had+pp) .. .Subject + Past simple

After=As soon as he had finished all his work, he went out with his friends.

0 3

Before = By the time + Sub + Present simple/Present perfect..Sub + Future simple

Before they watch the film on TV, they will write their homework and clean their room.

0 4

Before = By the time + Subject + Past simple....Subject + (had + pp)

They had read all the instructions before they operated the machine.

0 5

After + (Verb+ing)Subject + Past simple

Before + (Verb+ing)..Subject + (had + pp)

Before going to the cinema, they had written all their homework. After finishing all their housework , they went out to watch a new film in the cinema. 0 6

Having + PP... .Subject + Past simple On + (Verb+ing)... ..Subject + past simple

Having cooked the meal, mother began to clean the house and tidy all the rooms. On seeing the thief, the woman phoned the police at once.

0 7

Subject + didnt + infinitive + (till/until) + Subject + (had+pp)

He didnt build his new house till he had saved enough money.

0 8

Subject + will not + infinitive + (till/until) + Subject + Present simple / present perfect
He will not watch the film in the cinema until he buys /has bought a ticket. Subject + past simple + because + Subject + (had + pp)

9 1 0

He didnt bring his workbook because he had lost it a week before.

Subject + had + no sooner + pp.. than +Subject + Past simple

He had no sooner gone out of the house than it began to rain heavily.

1 1

Subject + Present perfect / present perfect continuous+ since + Subject + Past simple
I havent seen my friend Tamer since he travelled to London. He has been working as a teacher since he graduated in 1995.

1 2

Although = Though = Even though = yet = but + Subject + verb. Despite = In spite of + (Verb + ing) ..
Although they played very well, they didnt succeed in scoring any goals. Despite being very clever at Math, he couldnt get the top mark in the exam.

1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7

..+to = in order to = so as to + infinitive.. He is studying

very hard in order to pass the exams and join the university.

However + (Adjective / Adverb) + Subject + verb..

However strong he is , he couldnt carry this heavy bag.

Adjective / Adverb + as + subject + verb..

Bravely as they fought, they didnt win the war. as they ran, they missed the bus. Quickly

While = As = Just as + Subject + was/were + (Verb+ing) .Subject + Past simple

While they were doing their homework, their father arrived.

While = As + Subject + was/were + (Verb+ing) Subject + was/were + (Verb+ing)

While I was studying my lessons, my brother was watching a film on TV.

1 8

While + (Verb + ing).Subject + Past Simple

While watching the match on TV, the light went out.

1 9 2 0

Subject + take + time + to + infinitive..

The bus takes three hours to arrive at our destination.

2 1

Subject + prefer / would prefer + to + infinitive He would prefer to study English. Subject + would rather + infinitive. He would rather study English. Subject + prefer + (Verb + ing) . To + (verb + ing)
I prefer reading a short story to playing football in the street.

2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5

Subject + am/is/are / got + used to + (Verb + ing)

My father is used to walking early to his work every day.

Present Simple is used to :

The plane to London leaves the airport = takes off at nine sharp tomorrow.

"Going to + infinitive" is used to:

Look at these black clouds. It is going to rain tonight.

think believe say know expect report

2 6

2 7

it is/was thought that. It is/was believed that It is/was reported that It is/was known that must = have to = has to + infi = It is necessary to + infi had to + infi. It was raining hard so we had to take a taxi to arrive home safely. Where
The garden is the place where we can enjoy our time playing in the fresh air. = in which Alexandria is the place where we spend our holiday every year. = in which

2 8

I am interested in reading English literature, arent I? I am not a doctor, am I? They used to watch TV, didnt they?They are used to

2 9

walking to school, arent they? If + Subject + present SimpleSubject + Future (Type one) If + Subject + Past SimpleSubject + would/could + infinitive. (Type Two) If + Subject + (had + pp).Subject + would have + pp (Type three)
If he studies very hard, he will pass the exam and get high marks. If the came to the meeting early, they would meet all his friends. If he had trained a little hard, he would have won the race.

3 0

dont have to + infi doesnt have to + infi= neednt + infi. It is very early. We dont have to take a taxi. We can walk to there. didnt have to + infi neednt have + pp

3 1

The weather was very fine so we didnt have to wear our heavy clothes. Where
The garden is the place where we can enjoy our time playing in the fresh air. = in which Alexandria is the place where we spend our holiday every year. = in which

3 2

The + (school hospital prison )

We are going to the hospital tonight to visit our ill friend Nader. 3 3

Verb in the infinintive,.? (Dont + Subject?)

3 4

Verb ends in (s),.? (doesnt + Subject) Verb in the past simple,.? (didnt + Subject ) hardly seldom never neither

3 5

He never comes late, does he? They seldom play in the street, do they? I He She It You We They

me him her it you us them

3 6

3 7

myself himself herself itself - yourself yourselves ourselves themselves help yourself behave yourself make yourself at home enjoy yourself Help ypurself to some tea. Make yourself at home. think believe say know expect report

3 8

3 9

4 0

it is/was thought that. It is/was believed that It is/was reported that It is/was known that must not + infi = forbidden to + infi= banned to + infi= not allowed to+infi You must not smoke in this place. = You arent allowed to smoke here. must = have to = has to + infi = It is necessary to + infi had to + infi. It was raining hard so we had to take a taxi to arrive home safely. dont have to + infi... doesnt have to + infi= neednt + infi..

It is very early. We dont have to take a taxi. We can walk to there. didnt have to + infi neednt have + pp

The weather was very fine so we didnt have to wear our heavy clothes.

General Exercises Find the mistakes in each of the following and correct them:

1) While I have done my homework, my brother was watching TV. 2) I have been worked on a new project since February. 3) I am 155 cm and so is my friend. My friend is taller than me. 4) I wanted to go to school despite I was too tired to go. 5) Where Lemuel Gulliver was travelling at sea, there was a storm. 6) If I finished reading the book, I wanted to start reading it again. 7) I like reading novels for the cause that they take me into a different world 8) Jonathan Swift started to write during he was working as a secretary. 9) I was surprised to see Tamer today, because he tells me that he was going to travel to America. 10) When I will finish writing the letter I immediately put it in the envelope. 11) The weather has been very bad recently. Im sure it is raining tomorrow. 12) The young children should listen to their parents. 13) When I was walking to school, I saw the man asking people for money. 14) To be good at playing chess you need to show a lot of patient. 15) The people in the India speak many languages including Hindi and English. 16) Many years ago, people use to pay for goods using salt instead of money. 17) I was watching the Olympic games all evening and now Im going to bed.

18) They couldn't go swimming because they have forgotten their swimsuits. 19) My cousin, whose is a research chemist, works in the food industry. 20) If you havent taken those photos, I wouldnt have remembered our holiday. 21) You should apply to this job. Im sure youd be good at it. 22) The university where my uncle works in is in Cairo. 23) After finished he's university education, he got a good job. 24) He doesn't write the article until he had welcomed his visitors. 25) During a second world war, Golding was a sailor in the British navy. 26) He often goes to Suez which he can visit his relative. 27) Would you mind helps me with this heavy bag? 28) Egypt, Greece and Italy are all on a Mediterranean Sea. 29) What is the more enjoyable thing about learning English? 30) The Olympic Games takes up every four years. 31) A queen is someone who husband is the king of a country 32) She's just read a article which said that Ali was shocked by things he had seen.

Say where these mini-dialogues take place and who the speakers are: 1) A : May I take your order, sir ? {1} B : Yes, I'll have steak, please. Place : A : How would you like it, sir ? S.A : B : Well done, please. S.B : A : Certainly, sir.

2) A B

: : I want to buy a new blouse . Could you Place {2} give me advice about the latest fashion ? S.A : With pleasure . Floral blouses are now the : latest fashion. The colour red is the most fashionable.

Place : 3) A :What can I get for you ? {3} S.A : B : I prefer fish and watermelon as a dessert

4) A

: Our teacher asked us to read about pollution. Can you advise me about the best book to read? : {4} Place B :There are five books on that shelf on your right. S.A : A : I think the first one is the best. : Can 1 help you, madam?
Place : : Yes, it's my car. It suddenly broke down.S.A :

5) A {5} B A B 6). A {6} B A B

: Where is it now? : About fifty metres from here. What about coming with me? : A car hit mine and broke its door. : Have you got the number of the car? : Taxi 37645. : O.K. We'll find the taxi-driver.
Place : S.A :

7) A : I'm fascinated by chemistry. {7} B : That's good. You can join our research team in the field of bacteriology, A : Alright. Thanks for your advice. 8) A B A 9) A B A : Open your English books, please. : Which page, sir? : Page55.
Place : {8} S.A :

Place : S.A :

: : Excuse me, what time is the next train ?Place {9} : 8.30, platform 5. S.A : : Thank you .

Choose the correct answer from a. b. c or d:from (WB)

1- I find it very difficult to.................................................................decision quickly.

23456789-

a) do b) get c) make d) come Scientists are still..............................................................into making cars safer. a) doing b) researching c) retiring d) trying ..................................I was out shopping; I saw three of my friends from school. a) Because b) While c) If d) Although My uncle does not enjoy....................................................................in big cities. a) drive b) to drive c) driven d) driving All my sisters are married, but my brother is still............................................. a) one b) single c) alone d) free It is not kind to............................fun of people because of the way they speak. a) make b) do c) have d) laugh You have to study for a long time.....................you want to train to be a doctor. a) while b) but c) although d) if Have you ever.......................................................................a famous person? a) meet b) met c) meeting d) meets While I.............................................................home, I saw some of my friends. a) am walking b) was walking c) had walked d) walk

10- The people of Lilliput.....................Gulliver to the ground so that he couldn't escape.

a) put b) fell c) tied d) made 11-Football and hockey are...........................................................................sports. a) team b) group c) individual d) pack 12-1 want to become.................................................doctor when I finish university. a) an b) a c) the d) any 13-I'm hoping to study French..............................................................at university. a) literature b) books c) novel d) writers 14- My brother is a/an.....................person. He thinks the worst is going to happen a) pessimistic b) happy c) optimistic d) cruel 15-Next Saturday Im going........................................................................my aunt. a) for visit b) visit c) to visit d) visiting 16-People who.......................................................from shops should be punished. a) find b) borrow c) capture d) steal 17-The north of Egypt is on......................................................Mediterranean Sea. a) a b) an c) the d) its 18- There's a history programme on TV tonight. I think you................................it. a) are enjoying b) enjoy c) will enjoy d) are going to enjoy 19-I think it's absolutely.....................that people climb mountains without oxygen. a) surprising b) tiring c) unusual d) amazing 20- Ahmed is at the station........................................he's meeting his grandfather. a) who b) which c) where d) when

01" I'm going to use the web to find a spider."

a) who said this statement?

02"Dr Shereen thinks I should tell the police about it"

a) What should Ayman tell the police about? b) Why was telling the police necessary? c) Why was uncle Waleed against that?

b) what does a spider use a web for? c) what does the speaker try to find?

03"They say the site is dangerous, they want to stop anyone going near it."
a) Who said this? To whom? b) Why is the site dangerous? c) Who would stop the danger of the spiders? How? a) Who said this? To whom? b) What might happen if it was an unknown kind? c) How did they comfort themselves? A] Who said this to whom ? B] Who he thought got lost and died of thirst ? C] What did he do when he found them dead ?

04 "May be it's unknown species of spiders"

05''They probably got lost and died thirst . ''

06" I haven't seen anything like this before . And it's not on the database . "
A] Who said these words ? To whom ? B] What was The speaker talking about ? C] If the speaker hasn't seen this before, What does this mean ? A] Who was the speaker and to whom was he speaking ? B] What does the word it refer to ? C] Describe the spider the speaker saw ?

07 " It's the same as the spider that I saw . "

08"Not just him and his family. Everyone in Hamdayya might be in danger."
A] To whom does " him " in this quotation refer ? B] What was the danger Professor Jones was speaking about ? C] Why would everyone in Hamdayya be in danger ? A] Who said these words to whom? B] When were these words said? C] In the speaker's opinion why he should know everything about the spiders?

09-"Tell me every thing about spiders."