I had studied English before I travelled to New York.

*past perfect *past s. *present s.

I had studied English before I travelled to New York.

1st 2nd
 Present Perfect
• The past perfect (simple) tense is used to
describe an action that has been
completed before another past action.
• It is also used to describe an action that
happened in the distant past (when it is
understood that other actions have
happened since that action).
Form:
Choose the correct answer from a, b c or d:

1- I went to the park because I ……………………………..my homework.

a)had finishedb) can finish c)have finished d) will finish

2- When he arrived at the station, the train ………………………, so he didn’t catch it.
a)left b)had leftc)leave d)leaves

3- After ………………………..my homework, I went out with my friends.

a)had done b)doing c)was doing d)did

4- My mother ……………………………..before she went to her work.

a)has cooked b)cooked c)would cook d)had cooked

5- Before our teacher came to our school, she ……………………..in another school.
a)teaches b)is teaching c)will teach d)had taught

6- By 7 o’clock yesterday evening, I ………………………………my lessons.

a)have studied b)had studied c)study d)am studying

7- As soon as I ……………………………………….the ticket, I ran to catch the bus.

a)will buyb)buy c)was buying d)had bought

8- Mayar ………………………………upset because her friend hadn’t phoned her.

a)is b)was c)has been d)had been
9- Before…………………………the exam, Kareem had studied hard.
a)pass b)passed c)passing d)had passed

10- Abdullah didn’t tell me where he ………………………….the mobile.

a)had put b)put c)has put d)was put

11-His bike………………………………..because he hadn’t locked it.

a)stolen b)was stolen c)had stolen d)stole

12- As soon as I saw Mr. Said, I remembered that I …………………………….him before.

a) met b) had met c)meeting d)meet
Key answer:

• 1- I went to the park because I ……………………………..my homework.

• a)had finished b) can finish c)have finished d) will finish

• 2- When he arrived at the station, the train ………………………, so he didn’t catch it.
• a)left b)had left c)leave d)leaves

• 3- After ………………………..my homework, I went out with my friends.

• a)had done b)doing c)was doing d)did

• 4- My mother ……………………………..before she went to her work.

• a)has cooked b)cooked c)would cook d)had cooked

• 5- Before our teacher came to our school, she ……………………..in another school.
• a)teaches b)is teaching c)will teach d)had taught

• 6- By 7 o’clock yesterday evening, I ………………………………my lessons.

• a)have studied b)had studied c)study d)am studying

• 7- As soon as I ……………………………………….the ticket, I ran to catch the bus.

• a)will buy b)buy c)was buying d)had bought

• 8- Mayar ………………………………upset because her friend hadn’t phoned her.

• a)is b)was c)has been d)had been
9- Before…………………………the exam, Kareem had studied hard.
a)pass b)passed c)passing d)had passed

10- Abdullah didn’t tell me where he ………………………….the mobile.

a)had put b)put c)has put d)was put

11-His bike………………………………..because he hadn’t locked it.

a)stolen b)was stolen c)had stolen d)stole

12- As soon as I saw Mr. Said, I remembered that I …………………………….him before.

a) met b) had met c)meeting d)meet
By the time/before + past simple+ past perfect
Before I watched the film, I had eaten lunch.
By the time I met my boss, I had finished all my work.

After/as soon as//once/ when + past perfect + past

simple
After she had worked for 15 years in the company, she became the
manager.
As soon as I had read the report, I knew it was good.

It was only when/ it wasn’t until + past perfect +

that(past simple)
It wasn’t until I had taken my shower that I slept.
*Until is followed by both past perfect or
past simple:

Past simple negative + until+ past perfect

I didn’t watch TV until I had finished studying.

until + past simple + negative past perfect

Until I became a parent, I hadn’t known how to deal with
little babies.
Gerund(verb+ing) can be used with both
after/before:

After having lunch, I went back to my office.

Before going back to my office, I had had lunch.

Rewrite the following sentences using the words in
brackets:
1- First, I finished my work, then I went to the club. (until)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

2- First we booked the tickets, then we went to the concert. (before)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

3- Sara finished her work, then she went home. (After)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

4- After we had visited the museum, we decided to have lunch. (until)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

5- The boy saw his father. He ran away. (as soon as)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

6- My sister did her homework, then she took a shower. (After)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

7- Before having lunch, Hala had visited her friends. (After)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

8- I had eaten fish before I played tennis. (As soon as)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Key answer:
1- First, I finished my work, then I went to the club. (until)
……….I didn’t go to the club until I had finished my work…………………………

2- First we booked the tickets, then we went to the concert. (before)

………Before going to the concert, we had booked the tickets…………………………………
…………We had booked the tickets before we went to the concert………………………

3- Sara finished her work, then she went home. (After)

……After Sara had finished her work, she went home……………………………………
……After finishing her work, Sarah went home……………………………….

4- After we had visited the museum, we decided to have lunch. (until)

……We didn’t decide to have lunch until we had visited the museum……………………………

5- The boy saw his father. He ran away. (as soon as)
………The boy ran away as soon as he had seen his father…………………………………………

6- My sister did her homework, then she took a shower. (After)

…………After my sister had done her HW, she took a shower………………………………………………………

7- Before having lunch, Hala had visited her friends. (After)

………After Hala had had lunch, she visited her friends………………………

8- I had eaten fish before I played tennis. (As soon as)

…………As soon as I had eaten fish , I played tennis………………………………………
Choose:
1- Before Jack ( had slept – slept – has slept ), he ( had watched- watched- has watched) t.v

2- Molly ( hadn’t taken – didn’t take – hasn’t taken ) a shower until she ( finished- had
finished- finishes) the housework.

3- The boys were frightened because they. [hadn’t been/weren’t/haven’t been/didn’t go]
on a plane before.

4- They………….their H.W before they………….out to play yesterday.

[have done –went /did - had gone /had done – went /were doing –go]

5- [nobody-somebody-everybody-anybody] did their homework until the teacher

[ told - tells -has told –had told] the students to do so.

6- They were late because the flight(has delayed-was delayed-had been

delayed-is delayed.

7- George couldn't find the wallet because it (stole- was stolen- has been
stolen-had been stolen)
Key answer:

1- Before Jack ( had slept – slept – has slept ), he ( had watched- watched- has watched) t.v

2- Molly ( hadn’t taken – didn’t take – hasn’t taken ) a shower until she ( finished- had finished-
finishes) the housework.

3- The boys were frightened because they. [hadn’t been- weren’t- haven’t been- didn’t go]
on a plane before.

4- They………….their H.W before they………….out to play yesterday.

[have done –went / did - had gone / had done – went / were doing –go]

5- [nobody-somebody-everybody-anybody] did their homework until the teacher

[ told - tells -has told –had told] the students to do so.

6- They were late because the flight (has delayed-was delayed- had been delayed- is delayed)

7- George couldn't find the wallet because it (stole- was stolen- has been stolen- had been
stolen)
Homework:

Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets.

1) He wrote the letter then posted it. (as soon as)
………………………………….........................................................…………
2) After building a house he got married. (by the time)
………………………………….........................................................…………
3) He found a space then he parked his car. (after)
………………………………….........................................................…………
4) We put on our clothes, then we went to the party. (After )
………………………………….........................................................…………
5) He telephoned the police, then he sat down to wait. (after)
………………………………….........................................................…………
6) He had a shower, then he watched TV. ( Before )
………………………………….........................................................…………
7) Mary arrived too late, so he didn't catch the train. ( because )
………………………………………………………………………………………
8) Sara had been carrying the tent all day. (Negative)
………………………………….........................................................…………