Electricity

Responsible consuption
name of school: Liceo de Apodaca Jose Juan 7 b

18/12712

Index
1..overview

2..electricity consumption 3..charts about the electricity and their consume 4electricity final consuption by categories

Overview
Consumption of electric energy is measured by Wh (Watt x Hour):^). 1 Wh = 3600 joule = 859.8 calorie one 100 watt light bulb consumes 876,000 Wh (876 kWh) of energy in one year. Electric/Electronics devices consume electric energy to generate desired output(i.e. light, heat, kinetic etc.), while its operation some part of energy are consumed in unintended output. see Electrical efficiency In 2008, world total of electricity production and consumption was 20261TWh. This number corresponds to a "consumed" power of around 2.3 TW on average. The total energy needed for producing this power is roughly a factor 2 to 3 higher because the efficiency of power plants is roughly 30-50%, see Electricity generation. The generated power is thus in the order of 5 TW. This is approximately a third of the total energy consumption of 15 TW, see World energy consumption. 16816TWh (83%) of electric energy was consumed by final users. The difference of 3464TWh(17%)was consumed in the process of generating power and consumed as transmission loss. World Electricity Consumption Highlights in 2009

At the world level, energy consumption was cut down by 1.5% during 2009, for the first time since World War II.[1] Except in Asia and Middle East, consumptions were reduced in all the world regions. In OECD countries, accounting for 53% of the total, electricity demand scaled down by more than 4.5% in both Europe and North America while it shrank by above 7% in Japan. Electricity demand also dropped by more than 4.5% in CIS countries, driven by a large cut in Russian consumption. Conversely, in China and India (22% of the world's consumption),

electricity consumption continued to rise at a strong pace (+6-7%) to meet energy needs related to high economic growth. In Middle East, growth rate was softened but remained high, just below 4%. Electricity Consumption and GDP Listed countries are top 20 populous countries and/or top 20 GDP (PPP) countries and Saudi Arabia as of CIA World Factbook 2009. 30 countries (exclude EU/IEA) in this table represent 77% of world population, 84% of world GDP, 83% of world electricity consumption. Productivity per Electricity consumption (concept similar to Energy intensity) can be measured by dividing GDP amount by the electricity consumed. World average was $3.5 production/kWh. Electricity consumption include Final consumption, in process consumption, and losses.
Electricity Consumption (2008) and GDP (PPP) (2009)

Country

Population million

rank*

GDP (PPP) billion USD

rank*

GDP (PPP) per capita

rank*

Electricity consumption (GWh/yr)

rank**

daily kWh per capita

rank**

GDP (PPP) /kWh*

World

6,784

$70,048

$10,325

20,279,640

8.18

$3.5

China

1,339

01

$7,992

02

$5,969

133

3,444,108

02

7.04

17

$2.3

India

1,166

02

$3,304

04

$2,834

166

860,723

05

2.02

23

$3.8

USA

307

03

$14,440

01

$47,036

11

4,401,698

01

39.25

02

$3.3

EU*

541

$16,221

$29,983

3,635,604

18.40

$4.5

Indonesia

240

04

$917

15

$3,821

158

149,437

20

1.70

24

$6.1

Brazil

199

05

$1,998

09

$10,040

102

505,083

09

6.95

18

$4.0

Pakistan

176

06

$431

27

$2,449

172

91,626

24

1.43

26

$4.7

Electricity Consumption (2008) and GDP (PPP) (2009)

Country

Population million

rank*

GDP (PPP) billion USD

rank*

GDP (PPP) per capita

rank*

Electricity consumption (GWh/yr)

rank**

daily kWh per capita

rank**

GDP (PPP) /kWh*

Bangladesh

156

07

$226

49

$1,449

196

35,893

27

0.63

27

$6.3

Nigeria

149

08

$336

35

$2,255

176

21,110

28

0.39

28

$15.9

Russia

140

09

$2,271

06

$16,221

72

1,022,726

04

20.00

10

$2.2

Japan

127

10

$4,340

03

$34,173

36

1,083,142

03

23.35

06

$4.0

Mexico

111

11

$1,567

11

$14,117

77

257,812

14

6.36

19

$6.1

Philippines

98

12

$318

37

$3,425

162

60,819

26

1.70

25

$5.2

Vietnam

87

13

$242

45

$2,782

167

76,269

25

2.40

22

$3.2

Ethiopia

85

14

$70

78

$824

216

3,777

30

0.12

30

$18.5

Egypt

83

15

$445

26

$5,361

135

130,144

22

4.29

21

$3.4

Germany

82

16

$2,925

05

$35,671

33

617,132

07

20.61

08

$4.7

Turkey

77

17

$904

16

$11,740

92

198,085

19

7.04

16

$4.6

DR Congo

69

18

$21

120

$304

226

6,939

29

0.28

29

$3.0

Iran

66

19

$844

17

$12,788

86

211,972

17

8.79

15

$4.0

Electricity Consumption (2008) and GDP (PPP) (2009)

Country

Population million

rank*

GDP (PPP) billion USD

rank*

GDP (PPP) per capita

rank*

Electricity consumption (GWh/yr)

rank**

daily kWh per capita

rank**

GDP (PPP) /kWh*

Thailand

66

20

$549

24

$8,318

115

149,034

21

6.18

20

$3.7

France

64

21

$2,133

08

$33,328

38

526,862

08

22.54

07

$4.0

UK

61

22

$2,236

07

$36,656

30

400,390

11

17.97

13

$5.6

Italy

58

23

$1,827

10

$31,500

41

359,161

12

16.95

14

$5.1

Korea

49

25

$1,338

13

$27,306

49

443,888

10

24.80

05

$3.0

Spain

41

32

$1,402

12

$34,195

35

303,179

13

20.25

09

$4.6

Canada

33

37

$1,303

14

$39,485

22

620,684

06

51.50

01

$2.1

Saudi Arabia

29

41

$578

22

$19,931

59

204,200

18

19.28

12

$2.8

Taiwan

23

49

$714

19

$31,043

42

238,458

16

28.39

04

$3.0

Australia

21

54

$803

18

$38,238

25

257,247

15

33.54

03

$3.1

Netherlands

17

59

$674

20

$39,647

20

123,496

23

19.89

11

$5.5

Population and GDP data are from CIA World Factbook 2009 [2] Electricity data are from IEA/OECD 2008 (retrieved on Apr-2011) rank* of Population and GDP are World ranking rank** of Electricity consumption are ranking within this list

GDP PP/kWh Amount of GDP (PPP) (USD) produced per every 1kWh. EU* are EU states which are member of IEA. include; Austria, Belgium, Czech, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK

Electricity Final Consumption by categories

There are in-process consumption of Electricity which is about 17% of total production. In 2008, total electricity produced was 20,261TWh, 3,464TWh was consumed during process and [2] 16,816TWh went to final consumption. Data are from IEA/OECD (2008) In the consumption rate in Industry, China is highest with 67.8%, South Korea is 51.0%(7th), Germany 46.1%(11th), Japan 31.5%(26th), USA 24.0%(28th) In the Commercial and Public Service, Japan is highest with 36.4%, USA 35.6%(3rd), China 5.4%(29th) For Domestic usage, Saudi Arabia is highest with 56.9%, USA 36.2%(8th), Japan 29.8%(16th), China 15.5%(29th), Korea 13.8%(30th) Industry; Iron and steel, chemical and petrochemical, non-ferrous metals, non-metallic minerals, transport equipment, machinery, mining, Food and tobacco, Paper, pulp and print, wood and wood product, construction, textile and leather, non-specified. Transport; Domestic aviation, Land transportation, Rail, Pipeline transport, domestic navigation, non-specified. Note international marine and aviation bunkers are not included. Fishery; some country include fishing with agriculture/forestry. Listed countries are top 20 by population or top 20 by GDP (PPP) and Saudi Arabia.

Electricity Consumption 2008 (TWh)

Commerci total Country (TWh) Industry Transport /Public Services /Forestry al Agriculture Fishery Residential other

World

16,816

41.7%

1.60%

23.4%

2.50%

0.025%

27.4%

3.43%

China

2,842

67.8%

1.05%

5.4%

3.12%

0.000%

15.5%

7.19%

India

602

46.4%

1.93%

8.0%

17.92%

0.000%

20.7%

5.05%

Electricity Consumption 2008 (TWh)

Commerci total Country (TWh) Industry Transport /Public Services /Forestry al Agriculture Fishery Residential other

USA

3,814

24.0%

0.20%

35.0%

0.00%

0.000%

36.2%

4.59%

Indonesia

129

37.2%

0.00%

23.9%

0.00%

0.000%

38.9%

0.00%

Brazil

410

48.1%

0.39%

23.7%

4.49%

0.000%

23.3%

0.00%

Pakistn

70

27.5%

0.01%

14.2%

12.50%

0.000%

45.9%

0.00%

Bangladesh

32

56.3%

0.00%

6.0%

%3.37

0.000%

32.9%

0.00%

Nigeria

19

20.0%

0.00%

24.7%

0.00%

0.000%

55.3%

0.00%

Russia

725

49.6%

11.45%

20.6%

2.14%

0.037%

16.1%

0.00%

Japan

964

31.5%

1.95%

36.4%

0.09%

0.000%

29.8%

0.23%

Mexico

200

61.3%

0.55%

10.3%

4.05%

0.000%

23.7%

0.00%

Electricity Consumption 2008 (TWh)

Commerci total Country (TWh) Industry Transport /Public Services /Forestry al Agriculture Fishery Residential other

Philippines

49

34.6%

0.23%

28.7%

2.30%

0.311%

33.8%

0.00%

Vietnam

68

51.8%

0.75%

8.1%

0.97%

0.000%

38.4%

0.00%

Ethiopia

3.1

38.0%

0.00%

23.6%

0.00%

0.000%

37.7%

0.74%

Egypt

112

33.4%

0.00%

15.4%

4.13%

0.000%

39.2%

7.84%

Electric energy consumption of OECD member countries

Electric energy consumption per inhabitant by primary energy source in some countries and areas in 2008 is in the table. 1 MWh/yr = 114 Watt For the OECD with 8 991 kWh/yr/person: 1.026 Watt/person.
[3]

Electric energy per capita, 2008 (kWh/person)

Production # Territory Use Total Fossil Nuclear RE-Bio Bio+waste Import/ Non-RE* Export RE % *

1 Iceland

53,129 53,129

0 53,129

100%

2 Norway

27,398 30,355

151

0 30,130

74

-2,957

-2,806

110.2%

3 Canada

18,111 19,092

4,653

2,834 11,333

272

-981

6,507

64.1%

4 Finland

17,036 14,612

5,182

4,345

3,356

1,727

2,424

11,953

29.8%

5 Sweden

16,018 16,225

527

6,922

7,687

1,088

-206

7,244

54.8%

6 USA

14,378 14,270 10,162

2,746

1,139

224

108

13,015

9.5%

7 Switzerland

9,052

9,198

130

3,688

5,057

322

-146

3,672

59.4%

8 OECD

8,991

8,982

5,554

1,905

1,340

182

7,468

16.9%

9 Belgium

8,961

7,962

2,997

4,295

252

418

999

8,291

7.5%

electricity
Humans have an intimate relationship with electricity, to the point that it's virtually impossible to separate your life from it. Sure, you can flee from the world of crisscrossing power lines and live your life completely off the grid, but even at the loneliest corners of the world, electricity exists. If it's not lighting up the storm clouds overhead or crackling in a static spark at your fingertips, then it's moving through the human nervous system, animating the brain's will in every flourish, breath and unthinking heartbeat. When the same mysterious force energizes a loved one's touch, a stroke of lightning and a George Foreman Grill, a curious duality ensues: We take electricity for granted one second and gawk at its power the next. More than two and a half centuries have passed since Benjamin Franklin and others proved lightning was a form of electricity, but it's still hard not to flinch when a particularly violent flash lights up the horizon. On the other hand, no one ever waxes poetic over a cell phone charger. Electricity powers our world and our bodies. Harnessing its energy is both the domain of imagined sorcery and humdrum, everyday life -- from Emperor Palpatine toasting Luke Skywalker, to the simple act of ejecting the "Star Wars" disc from your PC. Despite our

familiarity with its effects, many people fail to understand exactly what electricity is -- a ubiquitous form of energy resulting from the motion of charged particles, like electrons. When put to the question, even acclaimed inventor Thomas Edison merely defined it as "a mode of motion" and "a system of vibrations." In this article, we'll try to provide a less slippery answer. We'll illuminate just what electricity is, where it comes from and how humans bend it to their will. For our first stop, we'll travel to Greece, where inquisitive ancients puzzled over the same phenomena that zaps you when you touch a metal object after shuffling over the carpet on a cold, dry day

Electricity Use Has Dramatically Changed Our Daily Lives Before electricity became available over 100 years ago, houses were lit with kerosene lamps, food was cooled in iceboxes, and rooms were warmed by wood-burning or coal-burning stoves. Many scientists and inventors have worked to decipher the principles of electricity since the 1600s. Some notable accomplishments were made by Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Edison, and Nikola Tesla. Benjamin Franklin demonstrated that lightning is electricity. Thomas Edison invented the first long-lasting incandescent light bulb. Prior to 1879, direct current (DC) electricity had been used in arc lights for outdoor lighting. In the late 1800s, Nikola Tesla pioneered the generation, transmission, and use of alternating current (AC) electricity, which reduced the cost of transmitting electricity over long distances. Tesla's inventions used electricity to bring indoor lighting to our homes and to power industrial machines. Despite its great importance in our daily lives, few of us probably stop to think what life would be like without electricity. Like air and water, we tend to take electricity for granted. But we use electricity to do many jobs for us every day from lighting, heating, and cooling our homes to powering our televisions and computers.
Static Electricity

Electrostatics is the study of charges, or charged objectects that do not involve moving charges or current. When positive or negative charge builds up on objects, static electricity occurs. The charge can be built up by rubbing certain objects together. The friction between the objects causes electrons to be transferred from one object to the another. The object that has lost the electrons has a positive charge and the obectj act that has gained them has an equal negative charge. An electrically neutral object can be charged by bringing it in contact with a charged object: if the charged object is positive, the neutral object gains a positive charge when some of its electrons are attracted onto the positive object; if the charged object is negative, the neutral object gains a negative charge when some electrons are attracted onto it from the negative object. This may happen to a person when rubbing one's feet on a carpet and then touching an object and receiving an electrical shock. Moving Electricity Electrodynamics is the study of charges in motion. A flow of electric charge makes up an electric current. There are several things needed to complete an electrical circuit. There must be an electromotive force from batteries or generators, conductors such as copper wire and an appliance such as a bulb to be lit. A device called a switch can be used to stop or open the circuit or close or create the circuit. When a circuit is not completed because the electricity is diverted to a path of least resistance it is a short circuit. In a simple circuit there are two types of wiring. One is a parallel circuit. This is when all the batteries and appliances such as bulbs are wired with the positive terminals of the batteries wired together and the negative terminals of the wired together so there are parallel pathways for the electricity to travel. In a parallel circuit, if one appliance such as a bulb goes out, the rest of the circuit remains on. The force from the batteries does not increase, however, if more batteries are added. In a series circuit, the positive terminal or end of a battery is wired to the negative terminal of the other battery and the positive end of one appliance to the negative or terminal of the other appliance such as a bulb. Thus if one bulb or appliance goes out, the whole flow of electricity is interrupted and the circuit goes out. However, if more batteries are added to the circuit, the bulb will get brighter as more force will go to that bulb.

Electricity has fascinated human kind since our ancestors first witnessed lightning. In ancient Greece, Thales observed that an electric charge could be generated by rubbing amber, for which the Greek word is electron. 1650 The German physicist Otto von Guericke experimented with generating electricity in 1650. 1729 The English physicist Stephen Gray discovered electrical conductivity in 1729.

Resources
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_energy_consumption http://science.howstuffworks.com/electricity.htm

http://www.eia.gov/kids/energy.cfm?page=electricity_home-basics-k.cfm http://www.mcwdn.org/Physics/Electricity.html http://www.ideafinder.com/features/smallstep/electricity.htm

Personal reflection
my personal reflection are that all the people include me use a lot of the electricity like in the computer, we can turn off when we dont need or suspend to save energy; Or other example like the lights much people go out and forget to turn off the lights and they not care about the consequence or the money they would have to pay, and I thing that with the electricity are so important and some people doesnt matter.