Coercive/Penalty Power The use of negative approaches including threatening and punishment to get people to do things they don't

want to do Benchmarking The comparison of a current product to industry standards or past standards to attain a measurement or baseline Actual Cost (AC) Also known as Actual Cost Work Performed (ACWP); represents the total costs that have actually been accrued up to a particular point in time Acceptance The process of formally receiving the work of the project. The work should be complete and fulfill the needs for which it was created Activity A piece of the project that must be completed (performed); sometimes called a task; can be divided into tasks; typically has a resource assigned, cost amount, and expected duration Administrative Closure The process of accumulating, finishing, and interpreting information to achieve completion of a phase or project Authority The agreement to be able to assign project resources, make project decisions and spend project funding Communications Infrastructure Tools and techniques used to create the foundation for information transfer on a project Brainstorming A process by which a group of people attempt to find a solution to a problem or generate ideas toward a goal spontaneously without judging others in the group

Bill of Material (BOM) A formal document showing the hierarchy of components or pieces and their sub- components or sub-pieces that make up the product Communications Infrastructure Tools and techniques used to create the foundation for information transfer on a project Closing Processes Where formal acceptance and completion procedures are attained from either a phase or the project itself Approved Change Request (Output/Input) A request for a change on a project that has been approved via formal or informal change request Acceptance Criteria Requirements that are defined to be completed before the work can be accepted Activity Definition The identification of appropriate activities (or tasks) to complete the project deliverable Analogous Estimates (Technique) Process of using a previous project of similar characteristic (size, Cost, Scope) to estimate a new project Brainstorming (Technique) A data-generating technique which includes team members or subject matter experts for the purpose of solving project problems, identifying project risk, and planning related activities Activity-on-Arrow (AOA) A network diagramming method where activities are shown on arrows and connected at nodes to show the sequence of activities Buffer Compensation in the planning for unknown items that could occur. This is typically schedule or cost related

Communications Management Plan A document created to track the project communication needs Decomposition (Technique) The process of breaking down the work of the project into smaller more controllable pieces Compromise Mode Applying a Conflict Resolution technique where a solution involves (typically) a little of what everyone is proposing for a solution Change Control Board (CCB) A group of people formally recognized to approve or reject changes on a project Expert Power A capacity in which one uses personal knowledge and expert opinion to get others to do what is desired Control Chart A graph of data that shows the measurement of a process over elapsed time Confidentiality The act of not providing certain confidential information to those that should not know about it Forecasts Estimates related to future project performance that are based on historical information and current project knowledge Co-location A team-building technique in which the team is located together, or as close to each other as possible Assumption An educated, logical guess about a variable where the details are unknown on a project Contingency Reserves (Output/Input) Reserves that can help mitigate schedule or cost issues (risk), in the case of changes with the Scope or Quality on the project Conformance Creation and delivery of a product that has met the specified requirements and conformance (or functionality) of use Cost Plus Fixed Fee Contract (CPFF) A contract in which the supplier receives payment for allowable costs plus a fixed fee payment typically based on a percentage of estimated costs Ethics The standards we use to determine what is right and wrong; varies for everyone Baseline Estimate or plan that the project will try to achieve (Cost, Scope, time, etc.) Customer The individual, group, or company that will own the work of the project when it is complete Activity Duration Estimating The process of estimating the number of work periods (hours, days, weeks) to accomplish the activity or task Communications Planning Requirement gathering of the communication needs of the people on the project; what they will need and when, and in what format will they need it Confrontation Mode Directly dealing with a conflict via problem solving techniques so that the parties can work through any disagreements Activity-on-Node (AON) A network diagramming method in which activities are shown on the boxes or circles of the network diagram and connected via arrows Budget At Completion (BAC) Total project budget; amount of money planned to be spent by the time the project is complete

Contingency Allowance Compensation in the planning for unknown items that could occur; is typically schedule or cost related; also commonly called Buffer Contract Administration The process of managing the relationship with the services provider Control Limits The area of measurement three standard deviations (or sigma) from the mean on a control chart Conflict of Interest A situation in which an individual or company engages in behavior that is inappropriate, but not necessarily illegal (it could be illegal) Forcing Mode Applying an all or nothing (win/lose) to get the desired result Criteria Standards to which are compared project variables for acceptability Information Distribution Delivering needed project information to Stakeholders in an appropriate timeframe Bottom-up Approach An approach in which the team or at least the Project Manager is involved in deciding on and estimating the individual pieces of the project to create the summary estimate Bottom-up Estimate Detailed estimate that usually involves team input As the team builds the pieces of the estimate, they build the total estimate from the bottom up Activity List (Output/Input) A detailed list of tasks that the team members on a project use to know what work on the project they are responsible to complete Change Control The formal or informal process of reviewing changes associated with a project; will result in approval or rejection of changes Decision Tree Analysis (Technique) The product of multiplying the monetary value and probability of the risk event; helps an organization make decisions based on potential outcome and impact Cost Plus Incentive Fee Contract (CPIF) A contract in which the supplier receives payment for allowable costs, as well as a pre-negotiated fee and an incentive fee (if incentives are met) Government An organization that represents and manages an area The area can be a city, state or country. In the United States, the federal government runs the country. Each state is responsible for operating the state. There can be city, state, or federal laws. Deliverable A finished work product that results from completion of a series of tasks (sometimes called a milestone) Communications Infrastructure Tools and techniques used to create the foundation for information transfer on a project Conformance Creation and delivery of a product that has met the specified requirements and conformance (or functionality) of use