09-04-12

Breather - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Breather
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Abreatherisanonlinearwaveinwhichenergyconcentratesinalocalizedandoscillatoryfashion.Thiscontradictswith theexpectationsderivedfromthecorrespondinglinearsystemforinfinitesimalamplitudes,whichtendstowardsaneven distributionofinitiallylocalizedenergy. Adiscretebreatherisabreathersolutiononanonlinearlattice. Thetermbreatheroriginatesfromthecharacteristicthatmostbreathersarelocalizedinspaceandoscillate(breathe)in time.[1]Butalsotheoppositesituation:oscillationsinspaceandlocalizedintime,isdenotedasabreather.

Contents
1Overview 2ExampleofabreathersolutionforthesineGordonequation 3ExampleofabreathersolutionforthenonlinearSchrdingerequation 4Seealso 5Referencesandnotes

Overview
Abreatherisalocalizedperiodicsolutionofeither continuousmediaequationsordiscretelatticeequations. TheexactlysolvablesineGordonequation[1]andthe focusingnonlinearSchrdingerequation[2]are examplesofonedimensionalpartialdifferential equationsthatpossessbreathersolutions.[3]Discrete nonlinearHamiltonianlatticesinmanycasessupport breathersolutions. Breathersaresolitonicstructures.Therearetwotypesof breathers:standingortravelingones.[4]Standing breatherscorrespondtolocalizedsolutionswhose amplitudevaryintime(theyaresometimescalled oscillons).Anecessaryconditionfortheexistenceof breathersindiscretelatticesisthatthebreathermain frequencyandallitsmultipliersarelocatedoutsideof thephononspectrumofthelattice.

SineGordonstandingbreatherisaswingingintimecoupledkink antikink2solitonsolution.

Exampleofabreathersolution forthesineGordonequation
ThesineGordonequationisthenonlineardispersivepartialdifferentialequation

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breather

1/3

09-04-12

Breather - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

withthefielduafunctionofthespatialcoordinatexand timet. Anexactsolutionfoundbyusingtheinversescattering transformis[1]:

which,for<1,isperiodicintimetanddecays exponentiallywhenmovingawayfromx=0.

Exampleofabreathersolution forthenonlinearSchrdinger equation

LargeamplitudemovingsineGordonbreather.

ThefocusingnonlinearSchrdingerequation[5]isthedispersivepartialdifferentialequation:

withuacomplexfieldasafunctionofxandt.Furtheridenotestheimaginaryunit. Oneofthebreathersolutionsis[2]

whichgivesbreathersperiodicinspacexandapproachingtheuniformvalueawhenmovingawayfromthefocustimet= 0.Thesebreathersexistforvaluesofthemodulationparameterblessthan2.Notethatalimitingcaseofthebreather solutionisthePeregrinesoliton[6].

Seealso
breathersurface soliton

Referencesandnotes
1. ^ a b cM.J.AblowitzD.J.KaupA.C.NewellH.Segur(1973)."MethodforsolvingthesineGordonequation". Physical ReviewLetters 30(25):12621264.Bibcode1973PhRvL..30.1262A(http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1973PhRvL..30.1262A). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.30.1262(http://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.30.1262). 2. ^ a bN.N.AkhmedievV.M.EleonskiN.E.Kulagin(1987)."FirstorderexactsolutionsofthenonlinearSchrdinger equation". TheoreticalandMathematicalPhysics 72(2):809818.Bibcode1987TMP....72..809A (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987TMP....72..809A).doi:10.1007/BF01017105(http://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF01017105).

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breather

2/3

09-04-12

Breather - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Translatedfrom TeoreticheskayaiMatematicheskayaFizika72(2):183196,August,1987. 3. ^N.N.AkhmedievA.Ankiewicz(1997). Solitons,nonlinearpulsesandbeams.Springer.ISBN9780412754500. 4. ^MiroshnichenkoA,VasilievA,DmitrievS. SolitonsandSolitonCollisions (http://homepages.tversu.ru/~s000154/collision/main.html) . 5. ^ThefocusingnonlinearSchrdingerequationhasanonlinearityparameter ofthesamesign(mathematics)asthedispersive termproportionalto 2u/x2,andhassolitonsolutions.InthedefocusingnonlinearSchrdingerequationthenonlinearity parameterisofoppositesign. 6. ^Kibler,B.Fatome,J.Finot,C.Millot,G.Dias,F.Genty,G.Akhmediev,N.Dudley,J.M.(2010)."ThePeregrinesoliton innonlinearfibreoptics". NaturePhysics 6(10):790.Bibcode2010NatPh...6..790K (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010NatPh...6..790K).doi:10.1038/nphys1740(http://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnphys1740).

Retrievedfrom"http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Breather&oldid=456645094" Categories: Waves Thispagewaslastmodifiedon21October2011at07:44. TextisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionShareAlikeLicenseadditionaltermsmayapply.See Termsofusefordetails. WikipediaisaregisteredtrademarkoftheWikimediaFoundation,Inc.,anonprofitorganization.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breather

3/3