ECE 413 Tutorial 2

May 17, 2012

Exercise
Find the Z transform of the sequence
x[n] =
_

1
3
_
n
u[n]
_
1
2
_
n
u[n 1] (1)
Solution
_

1
3
_
n
u[n]
Z

1
1 +
1
3
z
1
, ROC:|z| >
1
3

_
1
2
_
n
u[n 1]
Z

1
1
1
2
z
1
, ROC:|z| <
1
2
By linearity of the Z transform,
X(z) =
1
1 +
1
3
z
1
+
1
1
1
2
z
1
.
1
3
< |z| <
1
2
ROC is the annular region
1
3
< |z| <
1
2
Exercise
Find the Z transform of
x[n] = (1/2)
n
u[n] (1/3)
n
u[n 1]
1
Solution
The ROC of rst sequence is |z| > 1/2 and the second sequence is |z| < 1/3.
There is no common intersection and hence the Z transform of the given
sequence does not exist.
Exercise
Consider a causal system whose system function H(z) has two poles at the
point z = 2 and z = 1/2. Is the system stable?
Solution
Since the system is causal, the ROC extends outwards from the outermost
pole. Hence, in this case, the ROC is |z| > 2. Now, in order to be stable,
the ROC of H(z) should include the unit circle. Since |z| > 2, the unit circle
(i.e. |z| = 1) is not included in the ROC. Hence the system is not stable.
Exercise
Find the inverse Z-transform of
X(z) = log(1 + az
1
), |z| > |a|
Solution
Method 1
Using the Taylor series expansion for log(1 +x) with x < 1, we obtain
X(z) =

n=1
(1)
n+1
a
n
z
n
n
Therefore
x[n] =
_
(1)
n+1 a
n
n
, n 1
0, n < 1
2
Method 2
nx[n]
Z
z
dX(z)
dz
Now
dX(z)
dz
=
az
2
1 + az
1
nx[n]
Z
z
dX(z)
dz
=
az
1
1 + az
1
, |z| > |a|
Hence
nx[n] = a(a)
n1
u[n 1]
and therefore
x[n] = (1)
n1
a
n
n
u[n 1]
Exercise
Consider an LTI system that is stable and for which the Z transform of the
impulse response is given by
H(z) =
3
1 +
1
3
z
1
Suppose x[n], the input to the system is a unit step sequence.
1. Find the output y[n] by evaluating the discrete convolution of x[n] and
h[n].
2. Find the output y[n] by computing the inverse transform of Y (z).
Solution
1. The ROC of H(z) can be either |z| >
1
3
or |z| <
1
3
. Since the system
is stable, the ROC includes the unit circle. Therefore ROC: |z| >
1
3
.
Hence,
h[n] = 3
_

1
3
_
n
u[n]
3
Therefore
y[n] =

k=
h[k]x[n k]
=

k=
_
3(1/3)
k
u[k]
_
u[n k]
=

k=0
_
3(1/3)
k
u[k]
_
u[n k]
If n 0
y[n] =
n

k=0
3(1/3)
k
=
3 (1 (1/3)
n+1
)
1 (1/3)
=
9
4
_
1
_

1
3
_
n+1
_
If n < 0, y[n] = 0. Therefore
y[n] =
9
4
_
1
_

1
3
_
n+1
_
u[n]
2.
X(z) =
1
1 z
1
, |z| > 1
Therefore
Y (z) = H(z)X(z) =
3
_
1 +
_
1
3
_
z
1
_
(1 z
1
)
=
A
_
1 +
_
1
3
_
z
1
_ +
B
(1 z
1
)
(say)
Then
A =
_
1 +
_
1
3
_
z
1
_
Y (z)

z=1/3
=
3
4
B =
_
1 z
1
_
Y (z)

z=1
=
9
4
Hence
Y (z) =
3/4
_
1 +
_
1
3
_
z
1
_ +
9/4
(1 z
1
)
4
Now, ROC of Y (z) contains the intersection of |z| > 1/3 and |z| > 1.
Hence y[n] is causal. Therefore
y[n] =
3
4
_

1
3
_
n
u[n] +
9
4
u[n] =
9
4
_
1
_

1
3
_
n+1
_
u[n]
5