Name: Terrilyn Wilson Nervous and Endocrine System Work Sheet View the following case studies on the

Anatomy and Physiology place website: Chapter 7 Nervous System; Chapter 8- Special Senses Chapter 9 Endocrine Try to answer the questions in the case study and be sure to check the correct answers! However you will not need to submit your answers to these questions, only the questions on the worksheet (see below). Submit your answers as a word document to the Week 4 dropbox 1. Define a reflex and list the components of a reflex arc. A reflex is a rapid, predictable, and involuntary response to a stimulus. There are 5 components of a reflex arc, they are: 1) Receptor: Arrival of stimulus and activation of receptor 2) Afferent (Sensory Neuron): Activation of a sensory neuron 3) Association neurons (Integration Center): Information processes in CNS 4) Efferent (Motor Neuron): Activation of a motor neurons 5) Effector: Response by effector 2. Describe the events of an action potential. An electrical event occurring when a stimulus of sufficient intensity is applied to a neuron or muscle cell, allowing sodium ions to move into the cell and reverse the polarity. When the action potential reaches an axon terminal, the tiny vesicles containing the neurotransmitter chemical fuse with the axonal membrane, causing pore like openings to form and releasing the neurotransmitter. The neurotransmitter molecules diffuse across the synapse and bind to receptors on the membrane of the next neuron. Resource: Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9th Edition. 3. What is presbyopia? Presbyopia is a vision condition in which the crystalline lens of your eye loses its flexibility, which makes it difficult for you to focus on close objects. Presbyopia may seem to occur suddenly, but the actual loss of flexibility takes place over a number of years. Presbyopia usually becomes noticeable in the early to mid-40s. Presbyopia is a natural part of the aging process of the eye. It is not a disease, and it cannot be prevented. Resource: http://www.aoa.org/x4697.xml 4. Distinguish between myopia and hyperopia. Myopia is when nearby objects are clear but far away objects appear to be blurry to the

person. It is caused by either the eyeball has grown too long or the cornea is too steep. Hyperopia is caused by an imperfection in the eye, usually if the eye lens is not round enough or if the eyeball is too short. Close up objects are blurred and far away object are clear. Resource: http://webupon.com/web-talk/what-is-the-difference-between-myopia-andhyperopia-and-how-to-fix-these-problems/#ixzz1dpvVZpcr 5. Describe the feedback loop responsible for regulating blood glucose levels. What illness results if this system no longer functions properly? It is a negative feedback loop. Because the blood sugar increases with glucagon, which stimulates beta cells to secrete insulin when the levels rise is too much. However, insulin causes a decrease in blood sugar, in turn stimulates alpha cells to release glucagon to counteract the low levels which will result to diabetes.