MATHEMATICS - FORM3 LINES AND ANGLES II

Transversals

1. A transversal is a straight line that intersects two or more straight lines.

2. A transversal intersecting a pair of lines results in eight angles. Four angles between the two lines are called interior angles and the other four angles are called exterior angles.

3. Corresponding angles are on the same side of a transversal and involve an interior angle and an exterior angle.

4. Alternate angles are interior angles on opposite sides of a transversal.

Example 1: Identify the transversal, corresponding angles, alternate angles an interior angles in the following diagram.

Solution: Transversal: ___________________________ Corresponding angles: _____________, _____________, ______________, __________________ Alternate angles: _______________, __________________ Interior angles: __________________________

1. When a transversal intersects parallel lines, the corresponding angles are equal.

Example 2: Determine the value of angle a.

Solution: Angle a and the 65o angle are ________________. Therefore, angle __________ 2. When a transversal intersects ____________________,

the ______________________ are _______________.

Example 3: Calculate the value of angles S in the following diagram.

Solution: Angle S and the 30o angle are ___________________. Therefore, angle _______

3. When a transversal intersects parallel lines, the sum of a pair of interior angles on the same side of the transversal is 180o.

Example 4: Find angle a in the diagram below.

Solution:

1. When two straight lines are cut by a transversal, the two lines are parallel if - the corresponding angles are equal or - the alternate angles are equal or - the interior angles on the same side of the transversal are supplementary. Example 5: In the diagram, EFGH, MONP, TFNU,and RGOS are straight lines. Determine whether (a) EFGH is parallel to MNOP, (b) TFNU is parallel to RGOS.

Solution: (a)

(b)

Example 6: In the diagram, MNO, OPQR, NPT, NQS and RST are straight lines. Find the values of x and y.

Solution: